数字地质填图研究现状与发展趋势

数字地质填图是指区域地质调查数据的野外获取及其成果的数字化统一性再现.当前数字地质填图现状和发展趋势已基本上实现了数字填图系统的采集、存储、管理、描述、分析和再现地质实体在地球表面空间分布有关的数据信息.在计算机辅助下, 通过野外观测路线的调查, 对地质、地理、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等多源地学数据进行综合分析和地质制图.在掌上机WindowsCE平台上, 实现了数字填图所需的基本GIS基本功能(GPS定位路线采集、素描), 实现了遥感系统与数字填图系统的一体化整合.      

Geology and geochemistry of the Bingdaban ophiolitic mélange in the boundary fault zone on the northern Central Tianshan Belt,and its tectonic implications

The properties and tectonic significance of the fault bound zone on the northern margin of the Central Tianshan belt are key issues to understand the tectonic framework and evolutionary history of the Tianshan Orogenic Belt. Based on the geological and geochemical studies in the Tianshan orogenic belt, it is suggested that the ophiolitic slices found in the Bingdaban area represent the remaining oceanic crust of the Early Paleozoic ocean between the Hazakstan and Zhungaer blocks. Mainly composed of basalts, gabbros and diabases, the ophiolites were overthrust onto the boundary fault between the Northern Tianshan and Central Tianshan belts. The major element geochemistry is characterized by high TiO₂ (1.50%–2.25%) and MgO (6.64%–9.35%), low K₂O (0.06%–0.41%) and P₂O₅ (0.1%–0.2%), and Na₂O>K₂O as well. Low ΣREE and depletion in LREE indicate that the original magma was derived from a depleted mantle source. Compared with a primitive mantle, the geochemistry of the basalts from the Bingdaban area is featureded by depletion in Th, U, Nb, La, Ce and Pr, and unfractionated in HFS elements. The ratios of Zr/Nb, Nb/La, Hf/Ta, Th/Yb and Hf/Th are similar to those of the typical N-MORB. It can be interpreted that the basalts in the Bingdaban area were derived from a depleted mantle source, and formed in a matured mid-oceanic ridge setting during the matured evolutionary stage of the Northern Tianshan ocean. In comparison with the basalts, the diabases from the Bingdaban area show higher contents of Al₂O₃, ΣREE and HFS elements as well as unfractionated incompatible elements except Cs, Rb and Ba, and about 10 times the values of the primitive mantle. Thus, the diabases are thought to be derived from a primitive mantle and similar to the typical E-MORB. The diabases also have slight Nb depletion accompanying no apparent Th enrichment compared with N-MORB. From studies of the regional geology and all above evidence, it can be suggested that the diabases from the Bingdaban area were formed in the mid-oceanic ridge of the Northern Tianshan ocean during the initial spreading stage. Supported by the Major State Research Program of PRC (Grant No. 2001CB409801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40472115 and 40234041) and the State Research Program of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 2001130000-22)     

四川盆地川西坳陷高异常地层压力分布特征

本文通过分析川西坳陷２０多个含气构造的主要地层压力资料，对川坳陷高异常地层压力的分布特征有了一定的认识。认为川西高异常地层压力在纵向层位上主要分布于侏罗系和上三叠统，压力分段明显，相同的力段在不同的构造既不等时也不等深；在平面上高异常地层压力分布广泛，超高压区刚分布于川西北地区，并形成两个超高压中心，整个高异常地层压力的分布虽然总体上基本一致，但在不同层位，不同时期也存在着差异。     

旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态分异特征及其与网站功能的关系

应用10个样本旅游网站日均访问量的空间分布数据及网站功能资料,对样本旅游网站日均访问量与实际距离进行空间关系逆曲线拟合,进行距离衰减形态分异及其与网站功能相关性的研究.结果发现:1)旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态具有显著的波动性分异特征和地方性分异特征,随着旅游网站信息流距离衰减波动性分异特征从显著性到不显著性的变化,其距离衰减程度依次增强,其逆曲线衰减的符合程度依次上升;而随着旅游网站信息流距离衰减地方性分异特征由显著性到不显著性的变化,其距离衰减程度依次减弱,其逆曲线衰减的符合程度依次下降.表明不同网站间信息流距离衰减存在多样性变化.2)旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态的分异特征与旅游网站的主要功能之间关系密切:信息发布为主兼有预订功能的旅游网站距离衰减形态较为复杂;预订为主兼有信息发布的旅游网站和论坛为主的旅游网站距离衰减形态基本一致,波动性较小、地方性显著;政务为主的旅游网站距离衰减形态表现为波动性较大、地方性不显著的特征.依据旅游网站信息流距离衰减形态的规律,可指导旅游网站服务功能的建设和组织不同距离上的旅游流.     

Spatial pattern of Abies and Picea surface pollen distribution along the elevation gradient in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and Xinjiang, China

In this study we examine the relationships between Abies and Picea abundance in surface pollen and sub-alpine coniferous forest (SCF) distribution, elevation and climate in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a large modern pollen data set consisting of 857 samples. Results indicate that Abies and Picea pollen are abundant in the southern and eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, where SCF dominates the landscape. Pollen percentages of both Abies and Picea show a unimodal pattern with changes in elevation and climate, and their optima occur at elevations from 2500 to 4000 m a.s.l., mean annual temperature from −1 to 10 °C and mean annual precipitation from 450 to 850 mm. The optimal elevation of Abies and Picea pollen distribution decreases with latitude from c . 4000 m in the south (21–32°N) to c . 2500 m in the north (43–49°N). The spatial pattern of Abies and Picea pollen abundance is highly correlated with the modern distribution of these taxa, which is largely controlled by elevation and climate. These relationships could provide a practical reference for interpretation of fossil pollen data in terms of climate and elevation in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.     

江苏沿江都市区域经济要素空间演化趋势研究

伴随着中国都市区化的快速发展,经济要素在都市区域的空间分布发生着剧烈的变动和重组.为了更为深入地研究都市区域经济要素的空间演化,采用均匀度指数这一数学工具,重点分析江苏沿江都市区域"城市间"(inter-city)经济要素的变动演化趋势.基于总体趋势、分地区比较、主要指标集3个角度分析的基础上,认为江苏沿江都市区域经济要素的空间演化正呈现出日益均匀化的趋势,其中,外资空间分布的日趋均匀化将对都市区域经济与空间发展产生重要影响.     

关于数字水准仪i角指标限差的探讨

通过对数字水准仪在构造和测量原理上与光学水准仪具有不同特点的分析,给出了数字水准仪i角的含义和数字水准仪i角指标限差的量化表述,供仪器使用者和检修人员参考。     

全球GPS测站垂向周年变化统计改正模型的建立

对GPS测站坐标进行非线性变化的研究和建模,是削弱测站非线性运动的有效途径。由于导致测站坐标非线性变化的机制具有多样性和复杂性,目前还未能建立一个包含多种机制影响的理论改正模型来削弱测站的非线性运动。本文基于全球近500个实测的GPS测站垂向坐标残差时间序列,研究发现了测站垂向坐标周年项的全球分布规律,并分别针对南北半球构建了两个基于实测数据的周年变化统计改正模型。试验表明,本文提出的统计改正模型能削弱全球大部分GPS测站30%~50%的垂向坐标残差。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网鲣鱼起水鱼群种群结构分析

根据2006年10月—2007年2月及2007年10月—2008年1月在中西太平洋海域测定的1343尾由金枪鱼围网捕获的起水鱼群的鲣鱼生物学数据,应用统计与回归的分析方法对鲣鱼的叉长组成、叉长和体重关系、性比、性腺成熟度等基本生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长范围为243～746 mm,优势叉长组为401～600 mm,占到88.24%,其中雌、雄个体叉长组成呈显著性差异(x2=843.7,P0.01);(2)起水鱼群鲣鱼的叉长(FL)与体重(W)的关系为W=6.3905×10-6FL3.1938(R2=0.9443),且叉长与体重的关系并不因性别而存在显著性差异(ANCOVA,F=0.549,P0.05);(3)起水鱼群鲣鱼的平均雌雄性比约为1∶0.95,但在501～550 mm(x2=4.00,P0.05)和651～700 mm(x2=4.17,P0.05)2个体长组中,雌雄性别比例不符合"1∶1"的理论期望;(4)起水鱼群鲣鱼的性成熟度以Ⅳ期(28.93%)和Ⅴ期(43.67%)为主,计算得出的雌鱼和雄鱼的首次性成熟叉长分别为473.15 mm和440.78 mm,均大于实际观测到的达到性成熟的鲣鱼的最小叉长。本次调查研究得出了"在调查水域鲣鱼的起水鱼群是以性成熟的成鱼为主的群体"的初步结论。