区块链稳定代币研究进展

作为一种具有价值稳定属性的特殊加密货币,稳定代币不仅能够成为链接区块链加密资产和现实世界资产的桥梁,而且有潜力降低金融行业的中介成本、提高资金转移的效率.自摩根大通、Facebook等国际知名企业宣布其稳定代币计划后,稳定代币成为监管机构、企业界和科研机构的研究热点.本文通过对比法币、加密货币与稳定代币,深入分析了稳定代币的特征,然后从区块链基础设施、价值稳定机制、运营机制3个方面详细介绍了稳定代币的系统架构和运行机制.最后结合稳定代币的技术特点,分析了稳定代币系统面临的缺陷和可能的解决方案.     

测量不确定度的讨论

以往我们都用“误差”来评定测量结果的好坏,随着生产和科学技术的发展,这一评定方法已不适应现今形势,故而引出用“测量不确定度”来评定测量结果。我国1999年就发布了国家计量技术规范JJG1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,本文根据相关的测量规范,就二者的区别和不确定度表示方法评定做一简单的分析和探讨。     

关中地区垂直形变场及其动态演化特征

应用关中地区20余年的精密水准资料,用分段线性速率动态平差法进行统一起算基准的拟稳平差计算．得出了197l～1976、1976-1980、1980-1986和1986～1996年度的垂直形变速率图,从动态的观点研究了关中地区地壳垂直形变场的演化特征。研究结果表明：（1）地壳垂直形变场有规律的变化与区域应力-应变场的微动态活动有关,青藏亚板块和华北亚板块对关中地区的构造变形交替起主导作用,并产生了不同形变特征;（2）地壳垂直运动不是线性的。有加速、反向和停顿,长期平均垂直运动速率低于各时段的变化;（3）地壳垂直变化与断裂活动密切相关。垂直形变的逆继承性构造活动时期远小于继承性构造活动时期;（4）西安是一个特殊沉降区。由于过量开采地下水引起地面急剧下降。     

黄山某岩质高边坡稳定性分析与评价

在山区建设中,岩质边坡普遍出现,因此分析岩质边坡的稳定性尤为重要.黄山某岩质边坡勘察,采用极射赤平投影法、力学计算法分别对该岩质边坡稳定性进行定性分析和定量计算,并利用FLAC3 D数值模拟法进行验证.结果表明:该岩质边坡整体较稳定,但因L1、L2两组节理面与岩层面组合成楔形体,在不利条件下,易沿L2节理面向下滑动,破...     

Time-Dependent Tsunami Source Following the 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Eruption Inferred from Nearby Tsunami Recordings

The eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano,Indonesia,on 22 December 2018 induced a destructive tsunami(the Sunda Strait tsunami),which was recorded by four nearby tidal gauges.In this study we invert the tsunami records and recover the tsunami generation process.Two tsunami sources are obtained,a static one of instant initial water elevation and a time-dependent one accounting for the continuous evolution of water height.The time-dependent results are found to reproduce the tsunami recordings more satisfactorily.The complete tsunami generation process lasts approximately 9 min and features a two-stage evolution with similar intensity.Each stage lasts about 3.5 min and elevates a water volume of about 0.13 km3.The time,duration and volume of the volcano eruption in general agree with seismic records and geomorphological interpretations.We also test different sizes of the potential source region,which lead to different maximum wave height in the source area,but all the results of time-dependent tsunami sources show the robust feature of two stages of wave generation.Our results imply a time-dependent and complex process of tsunami generation during the volcano eruption.     

陆表自然和人文要素相互作用——“全球变化及应对”重点专项研究进展

在国家重点研发计划支持下,项目提出了陆表不均一性检测和订正的新方法,解决了渐变型不均一性检测和订正的难题,构建了中国地表太阳辐射、气温、地温、风速和降水等参数均一化站点和格点数据集,修订了关于中国地表风速变化趋势、增温格局及其形成机制的结论。融合多源数据,构建并验证了千米级、流域级或县域级的电厂、人口、生物质能、取水量、氮排放、二氧化碳排放等影响自然系统的关键人文要素历史和未来预估数据集。构建了未来关键人文要素情景,研制了碳中和目标下甲烷和氧化亚氮排放情景和用于驱动全球模式的未来情景,预估了中国碳中和战略的实施对全球变暖的减缓作用,发现中国碳中和对远期和中期全球变暖的减缓作用显著。给出了中国各省份水体氮排放安全阈值及超越时间,阐明了中国粮食产量与氮施肥的关系,提出了在保障粮食安全的前提下减少水体氮排放的有效途径,指出重构城乡养分循环体系是同时保障粮食安全和恢复水质的必要途径。发现全球饱和水汽压差的年际变化与大气二氧化碳浓度上升速率的年际变化显著相关,阐明了饱和水汽压差变化在调控生态系统生产力中的重要角色以及多因素耦合作用在生态系统生产力变化中的复杂影响。建议更全面细致地评估中国各种碳中...     

山地旅游小镇功能转型与重构的时空特征研究——-以黄山风景区汤口镇为例

山地旅游小镇是新时代乡村发展的重要类型,功能转型与空间重构是山地旅游小镇转型发展的核心内容之一。本研究采取参与式农村评估方法、GIS空间分析和高清遥感影像相结合的方法,以汤口镇为例,从微观尺度研究山区旅游乡村功能转型与空间重构的过程与格局。研究显示:(1)汤口镇生活功能由传统型向现代型转变,生产功能由农业主导型过渡到农旅融合型再向旅游主导型转变,生态功能由单一型向多元复合型转变。(2)旅游经济发达镇区相较于边缘乡村社区,旅居综合混质度较低。其中,旅游与居住时间分配相对均衡,宅屋空间倾斜于旅游,社群上融合度高,各区域间各混质维度存在差异。(3)汤口镇经历了旅游空间引入、生成、快速重构和导控更新4个重构阶段。该研究可为汤口镇村镇建设和旅游发展提供参考,也为下一步研究其转型发展的模式与机制奠定基础。     

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

As an important component of China' transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.     

Verification and recalibration of HY-2A microwave radiometer brightness temperature

HY-2A is the first one of the Chinese HY-2 ocean satellite series carrying a microwave radiometer(RM)to measure sea surface temperature,sea surface wind speed,atmospheric water vapor,cloud liquid water content,and rain rate.We verified the RM level 1B brightness temperature(T B)to retrieve environmental parameters.In the verification,TB that simulated using the ocean-atmosphere radiative transfer model(RTM)was used as a reference.The total bias and total standard deviation(SD)of the RM level 1B TB,with reference to the RTM simulation,ranged-20.6-4.38 K and 0.7-2.93 K,respectively.We found that both the total bias and the total SD depend on the frequency and polarization,although the values for ascending and descending passes are different.In addition,substantial seasonal variation of the bias was found at all channels.The verification results indicate the RM has some problems regarding calibration,e.g.,correction of antenna spillover and antenna physical emission,especially for the 18.7-GHz channel.Based on error analyses,a statistical recalibration algorithm was designed and recalibration was performed for the RM level 1B TB.Validation of the recalibrated TB indicated that the quality of the recalibrated RM level 1B TB was improved significantly.The bias of the recalibrated T B at all channels was reduced to<0.4 K,seasonal variation was almost eradicated,and SD was diminished(i.e.,the SD of the 18.7-GHz channel was reduced by more than 0.5K).     

Effect of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on maize seedlings under NaCl stress

In this study, a polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was extracted and its effect on maize seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated. Firstly, the components and structure of the EP were determined. We found that EP is a sulfated polysaccharide of high-molecular weight (Mw, 1 840 KDa) heteropolysaccharides and the main monosaccharide is rhamnose. The polysaccharide was applied to explore its effect on the growth of maize seedlings and its defense response under a salt stress. The results show that EP could promote the growth of maize seedlings under the salt stress. In addition, EP was shown able to significantly regulate membrane permeability and adjustment of osmotic substances such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, EP is an effective salt-resistant substance for the growth of maize seedlings under NaCl stress.