Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos

The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents’ needs. The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living, and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents’ influence on the ecosystem. Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products, fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013, normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio, this study draws three main conclusions. 1) Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland, forestry and grassland ecosystem services, which account for over 80%, over 10% and under 2%, showing downward, upward and constant trends, respectively. The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first, then fluctuating, and finally increasing. 2) The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” from 1961 to 2008, and the mode of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services” from 2008 to 2013, with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter. 3) The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade. Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008, forming the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”. This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume. However, the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” to one of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services”. This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.     

Land Resource Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol Grassland Transects: A Perspective on Food Nutritional Demand

Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society. Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for regional resource sustainability. This study uses the data from farmer and herdsmen household questionnaires, statistical data, land use data, and other sources to construct a land resource carrying capacity (LCC) assessment framework, targeting the food supply and demand of residents in representative areas, specifically the typical grassland pastoral areas, sandy pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas on the Xilin Gol grassland transects. The three food nutritional indicators of calories, protein and fat were selected for analyzing the balance of land resource carrying capacity. We found that: 1) Along the Xilin Gol grassland, the main local food supply showed a shift from meat and milk to grains, vegetables and fruits. 2) From north to south along the grassland transects, the calorie intake increased gradually, while the intake of protein and fat was highest in pastoral areas and lowest in agricultural areas. 3) The overall land resource carrying capacity of the Xilin Gol grassland transects was in a surplus state, but the land carrying capacity of typical grassland pastoral area was higher than the two other types of areas. This study provides an empirical reference for the sustainable development of regional food nutrition.     

基于转录组测序对两种氮素营养条件下多形微眼藻氮代谢途径的解析

探究微藻的氮代谢通路对了解其对不同氮源利用的分子机制具有重要意义。本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术对两种氮素营养条件下(硝酸氮和尿素)多形微眼藻的转录组进行分析,通过基因功能注释及数字基因表达谱分析,研究了多形微眼藻细胞内氮代谢的调控机制。结果检测出15种参与氮代谢的酶,对应76个编码基因,构建了多形微眼藻的氮代谢通路图。其中10个酶编码基因在两种不同氮素营养条件下存在差异表达,最显著的是谷氨酸合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶相关基因。有机氮源(尿素)实验组中,多形微眼藻细胞内的硝酸盐还原酶、亚硝酸盐还原酶等基因的差异表达明显高于无机氮源(硝酸钠)实验组,表明当环境中的氮源为尿素时,会对多形微眼藻细胞内硝酸盐的转化和利用有一定影响。本研究初步阐述了硝酸盐、尿素的吸收转运对多形微眼藻细胞内氮代谢的影响机制,可为硅藻在不同氮素营养条件下的吸收利用机制及氮代谢响应研究提供依据。     

用于海洋沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学研究的引物比较

为比较厌氧氨氧化细菌16SrRNA基因的2对特异性引物(Amx368F/Amx820R、Brod541F/Amx820R)在其分子生态学研究方面的优点与不足,本研究采用高通量测序和qPCR技术对长江口及其邻近海域沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌细菌的群落组成、多样性和丰度进行比较分析,结果表明,引物Amx368F/Amx820R特异性较高,能够较为完整地反映沉积物中厌氧氨氧化细菌的多样性信息,且其覆盖的厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度与功能基因hzo丰度正相关(P<0.01);而引物Brod541F/Amx820R特异性较低,覆盖部分厌氧氨氧化细菌及其他多个门的细菌,其量化的厌氧氨氧化细菌与功能基因hzo丰度无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。因此,引物Amx368F/Amx820R能够更加真实地反映厌氧氨氧化细菌在海洋沉积物中的群落特征,在其分子生态学研究中更具优势。     

基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法

随着点云在各个领域的广泛应用,对点云处理相关技术的研究更为活跃。目前,研究的热点主要集中在点云去噪、配准、分割、增强、特征提取和重建等方面。其中,特征提取起着承前启后的作用,具有十分重要的研究价值。基于面片裁切技术的点云轮廓线生成算法。首先,对点云数据进行面片提取,通过面片生长、融合生成特征面片,并根据提出的面片双向索引法快速构造特征线,最终实现点云平面轮廓线的生成。实验证明,本算法可快速、准确、有效地实现点云轮廓线的生成。     

陆基远程和超远程无线电导航系统发展现状与趋势

高频电磁环境日益复杂,为了提高定位导航授时(PNT)系统的可靠性,需要研发不依赖于卫星导航的陆基无线电导航系统.陆基无线电导航系统具有工作频率低、发射功率大等特点,可靠性高,不易被干扰,可以作为卫星导航系统的备份,因此,发展建设陆基无线电导航系统对于构建稳健可靠的国家PNT体系、保障国家安全和国民经济的发展具有重要意义.文中就国内外陆基远程及超远程无线电导航系统的发展现状及趋势进行了分析.     

内蒙古生态承载力评价及生态安全格局优化

生态安全水平对区域发展的约束作用不断增强,构建科学合理的生态安全格局可以有效缓解经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾.以内蒙古自治区为研究区,2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年为间断点,建立区域生态承载力评价指标体系,探讨生态承载力时空演变特征;甄别生态优势斑块,结合自然保护区等重要生态斑块组建生态源地,建立生态源...     

大地电场观测深埋铅电极测量系统试验

为使用铅电极替代不极化电极,以解决滨海地区大地电场观测系统稳定性差的问题,先后开展了浅埋的铅电极与不极化电极的大地电场对比观测,以及深埋铅电极与浅埋铅电极的对比观测试验。结果表明:铅电极与固体不极化电极的观测数据在短期内有较好的一致性;深埋铅电极的大地电场观测资料在长期稳定性上优于固体不极化电极;而观测数据的内在观测质量也高于浅埋铅电极。     

GPS-RTK高程在机场控高测量中的应用

介绍GPS-RTK高程在机场控高测量中的应用,分析了平面拟合与简单多项式拟合的差别,探讨了似大地水准面在广州市区域内精化的问题,为RTK应用于城市规划管理工作积累了有益的经验。     

长三角地区城市国际化水平研究——基于来华外国人手机国际漫游信令数据

在深入理解城市国际化内涵的基础上,以来华外国人手机国际漫游信令数据为支撑,从外国人人流联系视角构建了城市国际化水平的评价方法框架,包括外国人流动网络中心度、外国人流动联系强度、外国人国籍多样度3个方面.以长三角三省一市为研究对象进行了实证分析,结果表明:城市的国际化水平与城市的规模及等级总体上具有正相关性,但中小城市通...