FITS数据文件的检索和访问

普适图像传输系统(Flexible Image Transport System,FITS)是天文学领域应用最广泛的数据格式.自从20世纪80年代FITS格式被国际天文联合会(IAU)正式公布为国际标准以来,大部分的天文数据都是以FITS文件的形式在世界各地的数据中心和天文学家手中保存和交换.采用文件系统方式保存管理的FITS数据文件,很难适应程序化的检索和定位需求.随着FITS文件数量的不断增加以及虚拟天文台技术的发展,为这些以文件形式保存的天文数据提供检索功能的需求越来越迫切.FITS头以关键词值对的形式确切定义了所属FITS文件的结构,还提供了数据本身诸多特性的重要信息.FITS头中保存的这些信息可以满足大部分FITS数据文件查询检索的需求.将FITS头中的信息利用数据库来保存和管理,可以极大的方便对FITS文件的检索和定位.FITS头归档入库系统(FitHAS)是中国虚拟天文台项目开发的一个简单实用的FITS头信息归档入库工具,能够方便的将单个或者多个FITS文件的主FITS头信息导入到数据库中,为FITS数据文件的查询检索奠定基础,进而为虚拟天文台等更高层次的数据访问服务部署创造条件.本文介绍FITS数据格式,FITS头的基本结构;探讨虚拟天文台环境下FITS数据文件检索定位的实现方式;阐述FitHAS的功能特点、设计开发和使用方法.     

Changes of Biogenic Elements in Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa from Salt Marshes in Yellow River Delta,China

Little information is available on biogenic elements(carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in coastal wetlands. To investigate the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur of plants, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow(Huanghe) River Delta, plant samples were collected from two typical salt marshes(Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands) during the period of from August to October in 2007, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P, C/N/P and C/N/P/S were calculated. Results showed that during the studying period, plant C, N and P were lower than the global average values, and plant N and P were lower than the China's average values. Leaf C and S in Suaeda salsa were significantly lower than those in Phragmites australis(P 0.05), and leaf N and P in Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis showed no significant differences(P 0.05). Average C/N ratios were 23.75 in leaf, 73.36 in stem, 65.67 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 33.77 in leaf, 121.68 in stem, 97.13 in root of Phragmites australis. Average C/N ratios of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis were all great than 25, indicating the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta is an N limitation system. Average C/P ratios were 276.78 in leaf, 709.28 in stem and 1031.32 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 536.94 in leaf, 768.13 in stem and 875.22 in root of Phragmites australis. The average N/P ratios of Suaeda salsa were 12.92 in leaf, 10.77 in stem and 10.91 in root, and the average N/P ratios of Phragmites australis were 16.40 in leaf, 7.40 in stem and 6.92 in root, indicating the Suaeda salsa wetlands were N limited and Phragmites australis wetlands were N limited in August and P limited in October in 2007. The average C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios in Suaeda salsa and Pragmites australis were higher than the global average values, indicating the lower quality of organic matter provided by wetland plants in the Yellow River delta.     

章丘市采煤区地质环境问题及恢复治理

煤炭是章丘市的主要矿产资源,分布于章丘市中、西部地区,煤炭地质储量1.67亿t,可采储量0.43亿t,年生产能力200万t左右,开采方式为地下开采。针对章丘市采煤区不同的地质环境问题,提出了相应的治理措施,对采空塌陷区土地进行综合治理,对固体废弃物和矿井排水进行资源化利用。上述措施和方法的推广,既节约了大量土地,又改善了矿区环境质量,取得了良好的社会、经济、环境效益。     

初值及物理过程对\

利用国防科技大学全球中期数值天气预报模式（YinHe Global Spetral model,YHGS）产品驱动WRF对2018年7月4日华中地区暴雨过程进行模拟,并与ERA-interim资料作初始场模拟结果对比,评估YHGS模式产品在此次暴雨过程预报中的应用能力。结果表明：（1）WRF-YHGS对2018年7月4日华中地区暴雨过程有一定的预报能力,其模拟的大尺度环流形势、水汽收支量变化趋势与WRF-ERA有着很好的一致性,YHGS模式产品驱动中尺度数值预报是可行的。（2）WRF-YHGS模拟效果较WRF-ERA差,但大雨量级WRF-ERA湿偏差较大,两组试验各物理量模拟结果存在一定差距,且随着积分时间的增加差异逐渐增大。（3）WRF-YHGS、WRF-ERA模拟结果的差异主要来自YHGS与ERA初始场中差异较大的次天气尺度运动和YHGS全球模式预报场误差两个方面。

     

内蒙古狼山地区叠布斯格岩群锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其对阿拉善地块构造演化的制约

阿拉善地块位于华北克拉通西端,其早前寒武纪地质演化一直存在争议。选取阿拉善地块东北缘的叠布斯格岩群为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析,探讨阿拉善地块的性质和归属及华北克拉通早期地质演化。叠布斯格岩群主要由变质沉积岩和变质火山岩组成,包括高级变质的片麻岩、大理岩、石英岩、角闪岩,并被古元古代钾质花岗岩侵入。来自叠布斯格岩群3个副片麻岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,叠布斯格岩群副片麻岩中碎屑锆石的207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为2.60~2.10 Ga,变质锆石的年龄显示叠布斯格岩群经历了1.98~1.90 Ga和1.90~1.79 Ga的两组峰期变质作用,指示叠布斯格岩群原岩形成于2.10~1.98 Ga。研究区未发现有太古宙岩石出露,但不排除其下部地壳中存在太古宙基底岩石的可能。碎屑锆石的Lu-Hf同位素数据结果显示,叠布斯格岩群副片麻岩中碎屑锆石的εHf(t)均为负值,指示其成岩物质源于古—中太古代(3.42~2.79 Ga)古老地壳在新太古代晚期—古元古代早期的重熔或再造。通过对比叠布斯格岩群和阴山地块、孔兹岩带的岩浆-变质事件及Hf同位素特征,推测阿拉善地块前寒武纪基底在古元古代可能是孔兹岩带的一部分。     

Transition Periods Between Sea Ice Concentration and Sea Surface Air Temperature in the Arctic Revealed by an Abnormal Running Correlation

This study used the synthetic running correlation coefficient calculation method to calculate the running correlation coefficients between the daily sea ice concentration(SIC) and sea surface air temperature(SSAT) in the Beaufort-Chukchi-East Siberian-Laptev Sea(BCEL Sea), Kara Sea and southern Chukchi Sea, with an aim to understand and measure the seasonally occurring changes in the Arctic climate system. The similarities and differences among these three regions were also discussed. There are periods in spring and autumn when the changes in SIC and SSAT are not synchronized, which is a result of the seasonally occurring variation in the climate system. These periods are referred to as transition periods. Spring transition periods can be found in all three regions, and the start and end dates of these periods have advancing trends. The multiyear average duration of the spring transition periods in the BCEL Sea, Kara Sea and southern Chukchi Sea is 74 days, 57 days and 34 days, respectively. In autumn, transition periods exist in only the southern Chukchi Sea, with a multiyear average duration of only 16 days. Moreover, in the Kara Sea, positive correlation events can be found in some years, which are caused by weather time scale processes.     

科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态

通过对中国农牧交错带科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及其季节动态的研究分析表明:(1)微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量均表现出与降雨量同步的季节动态,即6月份较5月份有所减少,7月份增至最多,7月份以后微生物数量逐渐下降,真菌则表现出从5月份到8月份一直增加,9月份开始回落;(2)土壤微生物具有明显的垂直分布差异.细菌和放线菌的垂直分布表现出随土壤深度增加逐渐减少的趋势,真菌数量表层最高,20 cm以下变化不够规律;(3)土壤微生物的层化比率均大于2(5月份放线菌除外);(4)不同土壤生态因子对微生物的影响不同,相同因子对不同微生物类群的影响也不相同.细菌受水分影响较大,真菌与地温的变化趋势相近,放线菌与水热条件的共同作用有关.土壤养分(有机碳和全氮)与微生物数量呈显著的正相关.     

极端降雨事件对不同类型生物土壤结皮覆盖土壤碳释放的影响

于2011年5-8月,选择腾格里沙漠东南缘人工固沙植被区藻类、藓类和混生结皮覆盖的土壤为对象,研究了极端降雨量(降雨量44.7 mm、强度0.04 mm,min-1)、极端降雨强度(降雨量8.3 mm、强度0.55 mm·min-1)及普通降雨(降雨量16.3 mm、强度0.02 mm·min-1)条件下的碳释放过程.碳释放量的测定采用Li-6400-09土壤呼吸室,降雨结束后立即开始观测,直到呼吸速率恢复到降雨前水平时停止观测.结果表明:极端降雨(降雨量和降雨强度)结束初期藻类和混生结皮覆盖土壤的呼吸速率受到明显抑制,藻类结皮覆盖土壤呼吸速率分别为0.12 μmol·m-2·s-1和0.41 μmol·m-2·s-1,混生结皮覆盖土壤呼吸速率分别为0.10 μmol·m-2·s-1和0.45μmol·m-2·s-1;而极端降雨对藓类结皮覆盖土壤的影响不明显,呼吸速率分别为0.83 μmol·m-2·s-1和1.69μmol·m-2·s-1.这说明处于演替高级阶段的藓类结皮能够很好地应对短期的极端降雨事件.     

西鄂尔多斯维管植物区系特征分析

 通过在西鄂尔多斯地区几年的植物标本采集以及参考前人对该地区植物名录的记载,对西鄂尔多斯地区野生维管植物种类组成、生活型、水分生态类型及植物区系地理成分进行了分析研究。结果表明:①西鄂尔多斯地区的野生维管植物共有64科、215属、433种;②植物的生活型以多年生草本为主,占52.66%,其他为乔木占0.69%、灌木占14.09%、半灌木占6.93%、一或二年生草本占24.25%、草质藤本占0.92%,类短命植物占0.46%;③植物的水分生态类型以旱生（包括强旱生、旱生和中旱生）为主,占49.42%,中生植物（包括旱中生、中生、湿中生）占47.58%,湿生植物占1.85%,水生植物仅占1.15%;④西鄂尔多斯地区植物区系地理成分组成复杂多样,在温带区系性质为主体的背景下,受欧亚草原区系、东亚森林区系、亚洲中部荒漠区系及古地中海区系的影响。     

新物质主义视角下的消费地理研究进展与反思

新物质主义是对消费地理研究中呼吁"重返物质"的补充和超越,论文旨在从新物质主义的视角审视消费地理的研究进展.首先,简要介绍行动者网络理论、拼装体理论、超越人类理论和非表征理论等新物质主义的相关理论基础,发现新物质主义强调物质的能动性、动态性及其对消费网络的影响能力,受此影响,消费地理研究对空间性、社会性、主体性和物质性...