水准测量野外数据处理采用手机取代PC1500的研究

通过易县地震台水准数据处理手机程序的设计,研究了用手机取代PC1500的可行性。结果表明,用手机取代PC1500,进行水准数据的存储计算是完全可行的。     

Characteristics of near-fault ground motion containing velocity pulses

There are many reports about the research on near-fault velocity pulses, which focus on the generation of velocity pulse and simplify the velocity pulse so as to be used in the seismic design of structure, However few researches have put emphasis on the characteristics of near-fault ground motions containing velocity pulses, especially the characteristics relevant with the design response spectrum prescribed by the code. Through collection of a large number of near-fault records containing velocity pulses, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of records containing no pulses are compared with those of records containing pulses. Response spectra of near-fault records are compared with standard spectra given by code; furthermore, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of each earthquake are compared with that given by code. The result shows that at long periods （longer than 1.5 s）, the response spectrum of pulse-containing records is bigger than the response spectrum of no-pulse-containing records; when the characteristic period of near-fault records is calculated, the method that does not fix frequency is more reasonable because the T1 and T2 have a lagging tendency; regardless of the site Ⅰ and site Ⅱ, the characteristic period of pulse-containing records is over twice bigger than the characteristic period given by the code,     

Thermal regimes and degradation modes of permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway

Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is widespread, thin, and thermally unstable. Under a warming climate during the past few decades, it has been degrading extensively with generally rising ground temperatures, the deepening of the maximum summer thaw, and with lessening of the winter frost penetration. The permafrost has degraded downward, upward and laterally. Permafrost has thinned or, in some areas, has totally disappeared. The modes of permafrost degradation have great significance in geocryology, in cold regions engineering and in cold regions environmental management. Permafrost in the interior of the QTP is well represented along the Qing-hai-Tibet Highway (QTH), which crosses the Plateau through north to south and traverses 560 km of permafrost-impacted ground. Horizontally, the degradation of permafrost occurs more visibly in the sporadic permafrost zone in the vicinity of the lower limit of permafrost (LLP), along the margins of taliks, and around permafrost islands. Downward degradation develops when the maximum depth of seasonal thaw exceeds the maximum depth of seasonal frost, and it generally results in the formation of a layered talik disconnecting the permafrost from the seasonal frost layer. The downward degrada- tion is divided into four stages: 1) initial degradation, 2) accelerated degradation, 3) layered talik and 4) finally the conversion of permafrost to seasonally frozen ground (SFG). The upward degradation occurs when the geothermal gradient in permafrost drops to less than the geothermal gradients in the underlying thawed soil layers. Three types of permafrost temperature curves (stable, degrading, and phase-changing transitory permafrost) illustrate these modes. Although strong differentiations in local conditions and permafrost types exist, the various combinations of the three degradation modes will ultimately transform permafrost into SFG. Along the QTH, the downward degradation has been proceeding at annual rates of 6 to 25 cm, upward degradation at 12 to 30 cm, and lateral degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone at 62 to 94 cm during the last quarter century. These rates exceed the 4 cm per year for the past 20 years reported for the discontinuous permafrost zone in subarctic Alaska, the 3 to 7 cm per year reported in Mongolia, and that of the thaw-stable permafrost in subarctic Yakutia and Arctic Alaska.     

医用PET系统技术概述

PET(正电子发射成像)是当今高层次的核医学技术。它综合了核技术、核电子学、计算机、数据处理等领域中的尖端技术,是当前医学界最先进的大型医疗诊断成像设备之一,在肿瘤、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病的临床诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文以国产32环高档临床PET为例,较详细地介绍了PET设备的工作原理、总体基本结构及各子系统基本功能,对PET整机性能及其临床应用也做了简述。     

京津冀地区井水温度的数字化观测及其地震前兆监测效能的评估

较为系统的分析了北京、 天津、 河北地区井水温度观测现状及年、 月、 日不同层次上的动态特征, 及其在相关的地震前兆监测中发挥效能的可能性做了宏观的评估。 评估结果表明, 74.7%井的水温观测正常运行, 58.6%的井在地震中期或中短期的前兆监测发挥效能, 67.8%的井在地震短期前兆监测发挥效能, 41.2%的井在地震短临前兆监测中有可能发挥一定效能。 文中还提出了进一步发挥井水温度观测监测效能的若干建议。     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震前后临潼台流体异常特征

采用滤波、拟合、去周期、五日均值等方法,对临潼台水氡、水温、水溶气资料进行了分析处理,得到以下认识:用提取异常方法对原始曲线进行处理后,地震前兆异常更加明显与突出,这些异常均属于短期和临震前兆异常;临潼台流体对2003年山西洪洞ML5.0地震有明显反映,其原因一方面由于此次地震距临潼台较近,另一方面也反映了临潼台所处构造位置比较特殊,位于映震的灵敏位置。     

伽师强震群的深部动力学条件

根据天山造山带及其两侧的塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地的岩石圈二维速度结构、二维密度结构、二维电性结构、壳幔过渡带的详细结构以及大地热流和震源深度的分布,再结合对新疆西北部的蛇绿岩带、高压变质带和岩浆岩分布的综合分析,建立了天山造山带的地球动力学“层间插入消减”模型。该模型认为,塔里木板块的中上地壳在库尔勒断裂附近向天山造山带的中下地壳层间插入;而下地壳连同岩石圈地幔向天山造山带的上地幔俯冲消减。在天山的西段（哈萨克斯坦境内）,费尔干纳地块由北向南插入到南天山之下约180km的深处,在其东段（中国境内）,塔里木盆地由南向北插入南天山之下。这两个具有不同方向的下降板片的接触部位为费尔干纳走滑断裂。我国的伽师、喀什、乌恰地震区均落在这两个具有不同俯冲方向板块的结合部位附近,有着特殊的深部构造背景。南、北两大板块的双向挤压必定产生强大的应力,在地震区附近,这种应力的积累与释放具有4个显著的特点：（1）板片的俯冲消减速度约高达每年22mm左右;（2）应力的积累与释放速率加快;（3）应力释放较容易;（4）应力释放较为集中。这4个特点可能是伽师地区在较短的时间内连续发生数次强震的构造因素。     

Present situation of the research and application of engineering multiwave seismic prospecting in China

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山西大同数字地震台网监测能力分析

根据台网布局和实际使用参数,运用反推方法,对大同数字遥测地震台网和模拟遥测地震台网的监控能力进行了计算分析,粗定了数字台网速报表任区的范围,并对数字台网的大震响应能力进行了讨论,结果表明,大同数字台网的监控能力较模拟台网有了较大的提高,整个网内及网缘地震的监控能力为２．０级,网内大部分区域及东部网缘区域可达１．５级;数字台网对网内最大的测定能力为５．０级,网内南部区域可达５．５级;对于网内更大震级的地震,记录将全部限幅,测定震级困难,对山西北部５．５级以上地震要靠山西台网中北部台站来控制。     

CALCULATING THE DYNAMIC STIFFNESS MATRIX OF 2-D FOUNDATIONS BY DISCRETE WAVE NUMBER INDIRECT BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS

Apart from some special cases, calculating the dynamic stiffness matrix of foundations on a layered half-space, especially for embedded foundations, is computationally expensive. An efficient method for two-dimensional foundations in a horizontally layered soil media is presented in this paper. This method is based on indirect boundary element methods and uses discrete wave number solution methods for calculating Green's functions for displacements and analytical methods for the integrations over the boundary. For surface foundations, the present method applies at all frequencies. For embedded foundations or for constructing energy transmitting boundaries, because the free-field part is modelled by boundary elements and the excavated part is modelled by finite elements, the present method applies only at low frequencies for the spring coefficients (the real parts of the dynamic stiffness matrix) but applies at all frequencies for the damping coefficients (the imaginary part of the dynamic stiffness matrix) for undamped sites. The novelty of the method can be used for three-dimensional foundations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.