自主技术无人机航空物探(磁/放)综合站研发进展

无人机航空物探技术是航空物探技术的一个新兴分支。文章首先阐述了无人机航空物探技术的国内外研发情况,然后介绍了基于国产彩虹3无人机的国内首套应用于地球物理勘查的无人机航空物探(磁/放)综合站的研究进展。基于国产彩虹3无人机平台,开展了专用飞机改装、超低空地形跟随飞控、远距离遥控遥测等关键技术攻关,集成研发了自主知识产权的无人机航空物探(磁/放)综合站样机,成功开展了面积性应用试验,综合站样机功能、性能等达到了世界先进水平。无人机航空物探(磁/放)综合站研发取得关键进展。     

湘江竹埠港段河床沉积物元素地球化学特征

湘江是我国重金属污染最严重的河流之一。本次工作利用X射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析技术,对湘江竹埠港沉积物进行主量和微量元素分析。结果表明沉积物主量元素含量变化相对稳定,富集Mn O、P2O5、Fe2O3、Al2O3,亏损Ca O、Na2O。微量元素含量变化较大,亏损Ba、Sc、Mn、Sr而富集其他微量元素。对主量元素和稀土元素进行了分析,表明沉积物物源主要是由上游花岗岩风化所提供。对沉积物进行因子分析和相关性分析,表明沉积物源主要以陆源碎屑为主,并有磷灰石和软锰矿等自生副矿物,Ni、Pb、Cu可能来自人为污染源。地累积指数表明Ba为清洁无污染,重金属V、Cr、Co、Ni、Th、U为轻度污染,重金属Cu、Pb、Zn为偏中度污染,Mn为中度污染,Sc为偏重度污染。其中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Sc污染应引起关注。     

浙西闲林岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

浙西闲林铁钼矿床地质特征表明,矿床为岩浆期后热液接触交代矽卡岩型,根据岩石蚀变、矿石结构构造和矿物组合,划分了4个成矿阶段。研究表明:闲林矽卡岩型铁钼矿与中生代侵入岩成岩期岩浆热液作用关系密切。运用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对闲林花岗闪长岩体的成岩时代进行测定,为(151.8±2.2)Ma,认为与磁铁矿成矿密切相关;结合辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄(132.05±0.47)Ma,与早白垩世花岗岩成岩时代相耦合,进一步限定了闲林地区成岩→成矿活动的时间轨迹,铁钼矿床是晚侏罗世和早白垩世两期成矿形成的。     

基于Oasis Montaj平台的航空物探数据处理软件系统

在深入研究Oasis Montaj平台特点的基础上,对已有的处理功能进行移植、优化,并开发了新的功能,集成为航空物探数据处理软件系统。这里就系统的整体架构、主要功能及其实现方法进行了详细介绍。通过大量的数据处理证明了该系统具有集成度高、实用性强、运行效率高、稳定性强、易操作、容错性强等诸多优势,能极大地提高数据处理的效率和质量。     

Baseline determination,pollution source and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Amu Darya Basin,Central Asia

Central Asia (CA) is one of the most fragile regions worldwide owing to arid climate and accumulated human activities, and is a global hotspot due to gradually deteriorating ecological environment. The Amu Darya Basin (ADB), as the most economically and demographically important region in CA, is of particular concern. To determine the concentration, source and pollution status of heavy metals (HMs) in surface sediments of the ADB, 154 samples were collected and analyzed for metals across the basin. Correlation and cluster analysis, and positive matrix factorization model were implemented to understand metals’ association and apportion their possible sources. Cumulative frequency distribution and normalization methods were used to determine the geochemical baseline values (GBVs). Then, various pollution indices and ecological risk index were employed to characterize and evaluate the pollution levels and associated risks based on the GBVs. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of HMs showed the following descending order in the surface sediments of ADB: Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd. The spatial distribution maps showed that Cr, Ni, and Cu had relatively high enrichment in the irrigated agricultural area; high abundances of Zn, Pb, and Cd were mainly found in the urban areas. Four source factors were identified for these metals, namely natural sources, industrial discharge, agricultural activities, and mixed source of traffic and mining activities, accounting for 33.5%, 11.4%, 34.2%, and 20.9% of the total contribution, respectively. The GBVs of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Co in the ADB were 0.27, 58.9, 14.6, 20.3, 25.8, 53.4, and 9.80 mg/kg, respectively, which were similar to the regional background values obtained from lake sediments in the bottom. In general, the assessment results revealed that surface sediments of the ADB were moderately polluted and low ecological risk by HMs.     

岷江上游流域环境脆弱性评价

以岷江上游流域TM遥感数据和地形数据为主要数据源,结合其他统计相关资料,尝试运用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对复杂因素构成的脆弱性特征进行层次分解和重新构造,建立多目标要素的综合评价指标体系和模型。选取植被指数变化率、人口密度、地形起伏度、坡度及土壤类型5个要素作为评价指标因子,通过AHP确定各评价指标的权重,在Arc GIS平台下将各指标图层进行叠加分析,得出岷江上游区域环境脆弱性评价图,再根据环境脆弱性指数阈值分级,将研究区环境脆弱度分为5级。结果表明:岷江上游环境脆弱性表现较为强烈,自然因素和人文因素是造成该环境脆弱性的本质原因,该方法为岷江上游流域环境脆弱性模式和生态环境综合评价提供了一种定量分析的思路。     

城市地铁变形监测数据处理

为确保地铁施工安全进行变形监测是非常重要的手段,而变形监测的最终目的是预测,即对观测物的未来形态进行预报和分析。时间序列的原理是找出事物随时间变化的规律,从而对数据变化趋势做出正确的分析和预报。本文通过对时间序列的研究对长春地铁繁荣路站的变形监测数据进行了分析和预报。     

天文经纬度仿真测量精度分析

介绍了天文测量室内仿真系统原理和天文经纬度测量流程;提出了测量精度的评定方法;分析了仿真系统天文经纬度测量的精度。结果表明:系统天文经纬度测量可以达到二等以上的天文测量要求,可以应用于日常天文测量训练和教学。     

中国大陆地区GNSS ZTD对超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件的响应

利用CMONOC提供的GNSS连续观测数据分析天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）代替水汽的可行性,并利用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）和小波变换(WT)开展GNSS ZTD对超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件的响应分析。结果表明,超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件会增加中国大陆地区水汽含量,在热带及亚热带地区响应更为显著;同时该事件会影响GNSS ZTD 的显著变化周期,使9个月的变化周期减弱,0.8~3个月内的变化周期增强。     

Analysis of A Porous and Flexible Cylinder in Waves

The hydrodynamic response of a porous flexible circular-cylinder in regular waves was analytically studied. To simplify the problem, the cover and the bottom of the cylinder were ignored. Small amplitude water wave theory and structural responses were assumed. The velocity potentials were solved using the Fourier-Bessel series expansion method and the least squares approximation method. The convergence of the series was numerically tested to determine the number of terms in the series expansion. Two types of installations were considered for deformation, hydrodynamic forces, structural flexibility, drafts, and porosity. The present study represented a preliminary step in the study of the fish cage.