湿地土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征对比研究——以向海与科尔沁自然保护区为例

研究了土壤有机质及全氮在霍林河中下游的科尔沁和向海两个自然保护区湿地表层土壤中的水平分布及其在土壤剖面中的垂直分布特征。结果表明，与科尔沁自然保护区相比，向海自然保护区的空间分异程度较高，其表层对有机质及全氮的持留作用较强，碳的固定速率比氮累积更慢一些；盐碱化程度较高，湿地植被净化效应较显著；pH值对有机质和全氮的影响也更为显著。     

Lithospheric structure beneath Ordos Block and surrounding areas from joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion

Science China Earth Sciences - Ordos Block has undergone rapid uplift, and a series of rift basins have been formed around the block since the Cenozoic, but the formation mechanisms remain...     

海马齿对锌的耐性与富集特征

为了了解盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum)对Zn的耐性和富集特征,采用1/2 Hoagland营养液水培实验,进行不同质量浓度Zn处理(0 mg/L、10 mg/L、20 mg/L、30 mg/L、50 mg/L、90 mg/L和300 mg/L)30 d后,测定海马齿的株高、叶面积和生物量;并测定其根、茎和叶的Fe、Mg、Cu和Zn含量;计算耐性指数、富集系数、转运系数和移除率。结果表明,Zn质量浓度为0~50 mg/L时,海马齿能正常生长;当Zn质量浓度大于50 mg/L时,海马齿生长受到抑制;当Zn质量浓度大于90 mg/L时,海马齿出现死亡,完全致死的Zn质量浓度为300 mg/L。Zn处理显著抑制了根部对Fe的吸收,促进了叶对Mg的吸收。海马齿Zn含量最高的部位为根。海马齿的Zn富集系数远大于1,转运系数小于1。海马齿对Zn的移除作用主要体现在生物量大且富集能力强的地上部分。海马齿适用于修复Zn质量浓度小于90 mg/L水域的污染。     

面向活动地点推荐的个人时空可达性方法

如何在时空制约条件下合理安排个人活动与出行是现代社会中人们日常工作和生活的迫切需求。个人时空可达性研究以个人时空行为视角聚焦个人在时空条件下开展各种活动的自由度,长期以来一直受到人文地理学、社会学和交通工程学等领域的广泛关注。本文基于时间地理学理论,提出一种个人时空可达性方法,顾及活动地点开放时间、最短活动时长及个人活动偏好,实现个人时空可达性分析与评价。然后,利用城市餐饮类服务设施空间位置、营业时间、公众评级等多维时空属性信息及城市路网数据检验方法有效性。本文提出的个人时空可达性方法可为空间规划、时空行为研究提供方法支撑,同时,面向个性化活动地点推荐,可为个人智慧出行提供策略与指导,并且在公众位置信息服务及位置社交网络内容服务等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

应用于射电天文的低噪声温度测量方法

噪声温度是接收机和低噪声放大器最重要的性能指标,是了解设备性能好坏的关键因素。随着电子技术的快速发展,接收机和低噪声放大器的噪声温度变得越来越低,准确而快速地测量接收机和低噪声放大器的噪声温度变得非常困难。介绍了6种在射电天文中经常使用的测量低噪声温度的方法,这些测量方法具有准确可靠、简单易行的优点。叙述了测量原理并给出了一些测量方法的测量结果,对影响测量噪声温度精度并且易被忽视的因素也做了详细讨论。     

基于局部维纳滤波的交通图像去雾霾算法

为了提高雾霾天退化交通图像的色彩保真度和清晰度,基于局部维纳滤波并结合暗通道先验理论提出一种快速去雾霾算法。传统的基于暗通道先验理论的去雾霾算法对单一户外场景图像取得了不错的效果,但在处理较高分辨率交通图像时,需要消耗大量的计算和存储资源;同时,不能很好处理图像中的一些白色区域,会导致该区域色彩失真。针对这两个问题展开研究:首先,基于局部维纳滤波并结合暗通道先验原则优化大气散射光,进而得到细化的透射率;其次,通过动态调节参数的大小以适应天空等明亮区域地去雾霾处理;最后,将所提算法用于实例验证,结果表明算法不但可以保证交通图像白色区域的色彩不失真,而且去雾霾效率提高4~25倍。     

对用于钢筋混凝土结构的Park-Ang双参数破坏准则的识别和修正

本文根据所收集到的近十余年来国内外完成的有翔实记录的以不同方式循环加载到破坏的44个钢筋混凝土柱的试验结果,对知名的Park-Ang双参数破坏准则进行了识别。发现在该准则预测结果中损伤指标D的位移项Dδ和能量项DE的比重与构件在滞回循环中达到的位移延性μ的关系与近年来试验研究中逐步认识到的随着μ的增大Dδ的比重相应增大而DE的比重相应下降的规律是相反的。为了纠正这一点,本文根据上述试验结果对该准则提出了修正建议,该建议符合合理的Dδ-μ及DE-μ关系,且改善了预测结果与试验结果的符合程度。另外,本文还对破坏准则与普遍意义的损伤识别准则的关系及区别进行了讨论。     

PM2.5浓度插值中不同空间插值方法对比

针对不同插值方法对于重点大气颗粒物污染源PM_(2.5)大区域内整体分布情况的插值效果和精度存在差异性的问题,该文以石家庄市赵县100个点的PM_(2.5)的数据作为样本点,利用反距离权重法、普通克里格插值法和协同克里格插值法,分别进行PM_(2.5)浓度的空间插值。利用研究区内另外20个PM_(2.5)的数据点进行插值精度的检验。研究结果表明:协同克里格插值的精度最高,但可视化效果不如其他两种方法。     

Determination of intrinsic mode and linear mode coupling in solar microwave bursts

An explicit equation of the propagational angle of microwave emission between the line-of-sight and the local magnetic field is newly derived based on the approximated formulae of nonthermal gyrosynchrotron emission (Dulk and Marsh in Astrophys. J. 259, 350, 1982). The existence of the solution of propagational angle is clearly shown under a series of typical parameters in solar microwave observations. It could be used to determine the intrinsic mode and linear mode coupling in solar microwave bursts by three steps. (1) The mode coupling may happen only when the angle approximately equals to 90 degrees, i.e., when the emission propagates through the quasi-transverse region (Cohen in Astrophys. J. 131, 664, 1960). (2) The inversion of polarization sense due to the weakly mode coupling takes place only when the transition frequency defined by Cohen (1960) is larger than the frequency of microwave emission, and an observable criterion of the weakly mode coupling in flaring loops was indicated by the same polarization sense in the two footpoints of a flaring loop (Melrose and Robinson in Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 11, 16, 1994). (3) Finally, the intrinsic mode of microwave emission is determined by the observed polarization and the calculated direction of local magnetic field according to the general plasma dispersion relation, together with the mode coupling process. However, a 180-degree ambiguity still exists in the direction of longitudinal magnetic field, to produce an uncertainty of the intrinsic mode. One example is selected to check the feasibility of the method in the 2001 September 25 event with a loop-like structure nearby the central meridian passage observed by Nobeyama Radio Heliograph and Polarimeters. The calculated angle in one footpoint (FP) varied around 90^° in two time intervals of the maximum phase, which gives a direct evidence of the emission propagating through a quasi-transverse region where the linear mode coupling took place, while, the angle in another FP was always smaller than 90^° where the mode coupling did not happen. Moreover, the right-circular sense at 17 GHz was always observed in both two FPs during the event, which supports that the transition frequency should be larger than 17 GHz in the first FP together with strong magnetic field of over 2000 Gauses in photosphere, where the weakly coupled case should happen. Moreover, there are two possibilities of the intrinsic mode in the two FPs due to the 180-degree ambiguity. (1) The emission of extraordinary (X) mode from the first FP turns to the ordinary (O) mode in the two time intervals of the maximum phase, while, the X-mode is always emitted from the second FP. (2) The inversion from O-mode to X-mode takes place in the first FP, while the O-mode keeps in the second FP. If the magnetic polarities in photosphere and corona are coincident in this event, the intrinsic mode belongs to the second case.     

青海东昆仑三通沟北沉积锰矿地质特征及形成时代探讨

东昆仑三通沟北锰矿床是近年来青海省发现的规模最大的海相沉积型锰矿。但目前该矿床研究程度较低,地质文献很少,尤其是赋矿岩系的形成时代及区域成矿地质背景存在争议。本文在赋矿岩系组成和矿床地质观察的基础上,重点对与锰矿关系密切的粉砂岩开展了碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,同时对矿区硅质岩中发现的放射虫化石进行了种属鉴定。结果表明：最年轻碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄优势峰为478 Ma,硅质岩中放射虫化石属奥陶纪—志留纪海底生物分子中的贝奥苏克虫。综合研究表明,研究区赋锰岩系应形成于奥陶纪—志留纪,不是前人认为的中-晚元古代;通过对比研究表明青海东昆仑南带在早古生代的构造环境为弧后（裂谷）盆地,该裂谷盆地与原特提斯洋北向俯冲的动力学背景有关。