Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton: Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar, NW China

Late Carboniferous to Early Permian A-type granites are extensively distributed throughout the West Junggar region, NW China, and the Akebasitao pluton is extremely distinguished among these plutons. In this paper, we reported new anisotropy of magnetic susceptible (AMS) data combine with detailed field study and audio magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding to assess the three-dimensional shape and magmatic emplacement mechanism of the Akebasitao pluton. The geological features and the AMT sounding indicate that the pluton had a slightly oblique movement of magma from northwest to southeast, which was most likely to correspond to an asymmetrical torch with a laccolith-shaped upper part, and a lower part formed by sub-vertical “root” that was located within its northwestern part, probably controlled by the NE-trending Anqi fault. The AMS fabrics of all the specimens reveal a low Pj value (mean of 1.02) and a low T value (mean of ?0.024), suggesting that the deformation of the AMS ellipsoid is relatively weak. The specimens exhibit both oblate and prolate shapes of the AMS ellipsoid. Magnetic lineations and foliations are randomly distributed throughout the pluton without any preferred orientation. These AMS patterns indicate that the pluton formed in a relatively stable structural environment with no regional extrusion. Therefore, we propose a complex emplacement process in which the magmas reached the shallower crust levels via deep-faults and subsequently occupied the room created by doming, accompanied by stoping near the pluton roof. Additionally, the regional tectonic setting was relatively stable during the emplacement of the Akebasitao pluton, indicating the termination of compressional orogeny during the late Late Carboniferous in the West Junggar region. This conclusion perfectly coincides with the regional tectonic paleogeography, magmatic system, and paleostress field.     

西南天山乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成过程

地貌演化过程受大地构造及其规律的控制。本文通过对西南天山乌什北山地区滚滚铁列克河第四纪沉积和侵蚀地貌的观测,结合已发表的地层年代学研究,恢复了中更新世和全新世两期侵蚀地貌演化过程。中更新世地貌切割深度达1870 m以上,远远大于全新世50 m的地貌切割深度,认为该地区的高山峡谷地貌形成于中更新世。西南天山普遍发育的中更新世褶皱冲断构造,造成山体快速大幅隆升,是乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成的主因。褶皱冲断构造向盆地方向扩展,导致山体向盆地方向隆升幅度减小,揭示了乌什北山地貌演化的空间规律。西南天山第四纪构造隆升过程与地貌演化之间存在密切关系。     

辽东湾海洋溢油风险区划及防范对策研究

海洋溢油风险区划是海洋溢油风险管理的重要手段,科学合理的风险区划可为预防和减少事故的发生提供管理依据。文章在海洋溢油风险系统研究和溢油污染事故机理分析的基础上,建立了辽东湾海洋溢油风险区划指标体系和风险量化模型,结合GIS空间分析方法,获得了辽东湾海洋溢油风险区划图。在分析辽东湾海洋溢油风险区主导因子和风险特征的基础上,提出了不同风险区的防范对策,为区域海洋溢油风险管理提供了决策依据。     

我国北方小型基岩型生态岛礁建设策略及应用研究——以大连圆岛为例

文章结合大连圆岛生态建设实验基地建设工作,对我国小型基岩海岛的特点、功能以及存在的主要生态问题进行系统论述,提出对其适用的生态岛礁建设策略,并在大连圆岛开展实践应用,可为解决我国北方小型基岩海岛长期积累的生态环境问题、提升其对海洋发展的服务功能提供理论和实践指导。研究表明,小型基岩海岛主要存在生态问题突出、自然资源利用不合理等问题,亟须采取明确海岛主体功能、做好生态资源详细调查、保护海岛典型生态资源、加强建设过程监管等策略,强化小型基岩海岛生态保护。     

Livestock Dynamic Responses to Climate Change in Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau: Forage Consumption and Time-lag Effects

Climate change and forage-intake are important components of livestock population systems, but our knowledge about the effects of changes in these properties on livestock is limited, particularly on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Based on corresponding independent models (CASA and TEM), a human-induced NPP (NPP_H) value and forage-intake threshold were obtained to determine their influences on livestock population fluctuation and regrowth on the plateau. The intake threshold value provided compatible results with livestock population performance. If the forage-intake was greater than the critical value of 1.9 (kg DM d^-1 sheep^-1), the livestock population increased; otherwise, the livestock population decreased. It takes four years to transfer a disturbance in primary productivity to the next trophic level. The relationships between livestock population and NPP_H value determined population dynamics via the forage-intake value threshold. Improved knowledge on lag effects will advance our understanding of drivers of climatic changes on livestock population dynamics.     

贵州省清镇市坛罐窑铝土矿地质特征及找矿标志研究

本文通过总结矿区地质概况、矿体地质特征和矿石地质特征,并在总结前人资料的基础上,探讨成矿岩相古地理、成矿物质来源和成矿形成过程,初步总结了坛罐窑铝土矿矿床成因及成矿规律,确定了找矿标志。     

基于探空资料的湖南地区加权平均温度

利用湖南地区长沙、怀化、郴州3个探空站数据,将数值积分法计算的Tm作为参考值,并基于最小二乘法建立湖南地区Tm本地化模型。研究结果表明,Bevis模型计算的Tm值在湖南地区存在2.51 K的系统偏差;湖南本地化模型Tm值与地面温度Ts之间的相关系数达到0.942 5,模型平均偏差1.60 K,内符合精度1.41 K;基于本地化Tm模型计算的GPS PWV与利用探空数据计算的PWV相比,平均偏差为0.52 mm,标准差为2.21 mm,RMS为2.45 mm。总体而言,本地化Tm模型的精度优于Bevis模型,更适用于湖南地区的GPS气象研究及业务应用。     

黄河上游洮河流域全新世古洪水水文学研究

通过对黄河上游洮河流域详细的野外考察,在临洮段下堡村（XBC）发现保存有全新世古洪水滞流沉积物的地层剖面并对该剖面进行系统采样,综合野外观测和室内理化数据分析确定为古洪水滞流沉积物。结合全新世地层对比、文化遗物分析和释光测年,确定这期古洪水事件发生在300~480 a BP左右,相当于我国"明清小冰期"气候转折阶段。利用ArcGIS耦合HEC-RAS模型,在获取河道水文参数条件下,恢复其洪峰流量介于4 865~6 700 m³·s^-1。保持水文参数不变,对河道糙率系数进行灵敏度测试,给定糙率±25%的变幅,结果误差在-9.12%~6.57%之间。依据2012年洪痕高程,采用HEC-RAS模型恢复其洪峰流量,与实测结果相比较误差仅为-2.9%,说明利用该模型得出的结果是比较可靠的。该研究成果有效延长了黄河上游洪水数据序列,这对于该流域内防洪减灾、水利工程建设和水资源开发利用等具有重要的参考价值。     

地震波场模拟中的褶积微分算子法

褶积微分算子是将偏导数算子的带限傅氏谱进行反傅氏变换得到的,具有对称或反对称和衰减速度快的特点。根据频谱分析理论,选用序列在结束时能光滑趋于零的截断窗口将褶积算子截断,结合考虑微分算子守恒定律,将褶积算子中心值进行修正,得到适合于波场模拟的最优权系数。给出用褶积微分算子模拟声波波场的实现途径与实例。理论分析与模型试算证明了褶积微分算子法的正确性与有效性。