土地收购储备制度的国际经验及其对我国的启示

文章在分析海外市场经济发达国家或地区土地征购制度建立目的,法律法规保障,运用模式等成功经验基础上,结合我国城市土地市场特点,总结归纳系列启示,以期在我国城市土地收购储备制度建立和完善过程中予以借鉴。     

中国及其周边地区多种水凝物资料的气候态特征比较

对云的水凝物含量进行研究有利于认识云的辐射性质和强迫效应,以及改善模式的预报性能。利用目前几种较为常用的卫星观测资料（ISCCP、MODIS和CloudSat）和再分析资料（CFSR和ERA-Interim）,对中国及其周边地区的多种水凝物变量,包括积分的云水路径、液水路径和冰水路径,以及分层的液态水含量和冰水含量的气候态水平及垂直分布特征进行了比较研究。结果表明,在总的水凝物含量方面,无论是描述整个中国及其周边地区的水平分布特征和主要变化模态,还是不同海陆区域的月变化特点,MODIS、ERA和CFSR三种资料都显示出较高的一致性,而ISCCP的绝对数值和变化幅度与它们均存在一定差异。在液态水含量方面,无论是水平还是垂直分布,ERA-Interim都有最高的数值,作为观测数据的MODIS和ISCCP则显著偏低。对于冰水含量,不同资料间无论是水平和垂直分布形式还是具体数值都存在明显差异。通过分析不同水凝物资料间气候态分布的差异性特征,有利于认识目前常用的几种水凝物资料的“不确定性”程度,从而更好地估计云的辐射效应,以及理解其在气候变化中所扮演的角色。      

三维激光扫描技术在土方量算中的应用研究

针对目前土方测量中对快速、准确和高精度计量的需求,以及采用传统方法作业过程中存在的外业工作量大等问题,介绍了基于三维激光扫描技术的工作原理及其在土方测量中的应用。试验结果表明,基于三维激光扫描技术的土方量算满足精度要求,同时,还给出了该技术在土方量算应用中的相关定量指标,可为相应工程应用提供参考。     

Analysis of the Relationship between the Cloud Water Path and Precipitation Intensity of Mature Typhoons in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

The relationship between precipitation intensity and cloud water in typhoon systems remains unclear.This study combined time-and space-synchronized precipitation and spectral data obtained by the Precipitation Radar(PR)as well as the Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS)onboard the TRMM satellite,to overcome the limitations of precipitation properties and cloud parameters not being synchronized in previous studies.A merged dataset of near-surface rain rate(RR)and corresponding cloud water path(CWP)was established and used to analyze the potential correlation between cloud microphysical properties and precipitation,to deepen our understanding of the evolution of cloud to rain.In addition,25 collocated satellite overpasses of mature typhoon cases in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1998 to 2012 were obtained,and the relationships between the CWP and RR of 144515 pixels were analyzed in detail.The results show that the CWP and RR of mature typhoon systems with different precipitation types,precipitation cloud phases,and vertical depths of precipitation can be fitted by a notable sigmoid function,which may be useful for estimating CWP and parameterizing precipitation in models.Furthermore,the relationship was applied and tested with an independent sample to show that RR is a significant indicator of CWP.     

北极增幅性变暖对欧亚大陆冬季极端天气和气候的影响:共识、问题和争议

北极增幅性变暖和北极海冰快速减少不仅使北极气候系统成为国际前沿性问题,且对其导致的中纬度极端天气气候的影响研究也备受关注,这一研究成为目前少数几个最活跃的气候研究领域之一。本文回顾了这一研究领域的早期探索,总结了最新的科学假设和科学问题、研究的进展、目前的共识以及亟待解决的问题和主要争论。最后提出了未来取得新进展的共性问题。     

石英岩化学成分分析标准物质研制

目前巴西、英国、日本、南非等国研制有一些石英岩类标准物质,SiO₂含量均在96%以上,含量范围较窄,定值元素较少。我国尚无石英岩类的标准物质,无法满足石英岩勘查和实际应用的需要。本文研制了3个石英岩化学成分分析标准物质,样品采自我国具有代表性的安徽省凤阳县大庙镇老青山、青海省大通县景阳镇和湖北省蕲春县灵虬山三个石英矿区,利用流化床式气流粉碎机将样品细碎至-45 μm,解决了纯度较高的石英岩粉碎加工易受污染的难题。因石英岩样品难以压制成型,均匀性检验未采用压片制样X射线荧光光谱法,而是采用以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法为主的检验方法。结果表明,方差检验的F值均小于临界值,证明其均匀性符合要求。为期两年的长期稳定性8次检验中未发现统计学意义上的明显变化,在颠震和极端温度条件下所检验的短期稳定性良好。经我国十家实验室使用多种分析方法联合定值,同时探索采用类似元素比较法获取未进行均匀性和稳定性检验的成分的相应不确定度分量,给出了36个成分的认定值(或参考值)和相应的不确定度。3个标准物质现已被批准为国家一级标准物质(编号GBW 07835、GBW 07836、GBW 07837),其主要成分SiO₂的含量相应为92.93%、95.97%、99.18%,呈梯度分布。此系列标准物质具有样品粒度均匀、粒度分布范围窄(D₂₅～D₇₅在4～16 μm之间),定值元素种类多,SiO₂含量分布广泛的特点,可以满足石英岩样品化学成分分析过程中监控的需要。     

路基土干湿类型判定的若干问题浅析

市政道路工程勘察中,路基土干湿类型的判定结论为道路设计提供了设计依据。本文分析比较了相关规范给出的路基土干湿类型的判定标准,并结合市政道路工程勘察实践,提出了路基土干湿类型判定中,存在的若干问题和注意事项,供同行专家讨论、指导。     

基于无反射棱镜全站仪的建筑物倾斜测量

针对传统的建筑物倾斜测量方法存在的一些缺点,提出一种基于无反射棱镜全站仪的建筑物倾斜测量方法。文中介绍了该方法的原理,对测量精度进行了分析,并给出不同情况下最有利的观测条件,用实例验证该方法的可靠性。     

Emplacement Mechanism of the Akebasitao Pluton: Implications for Regional Tectonic Evolution of West Junggar, NW China

Late Carboniferous to Early Permian A-type granites are extensively distributed throughout the West Junggar region, NW China, and the Akebasitao pluton is extremely distinguished among these plutons. In this paper, we reported new anisotropy of magnetic susceptible (AMS) data combine with detailed field study and audio magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding to assess the three-dimensional shape and magmatic emplacement mechanism of the Akebasitao pluton. The geological features and the AMT sounding indicate that the pluton had a slightly oblique movement of magma from northwest to southeast, which was most likely to correspond to an asymmetrical torch with a laccolith-shaped upper part, and a lower part formed by sub-vertical “root” that was located within its northwestern part, probably controlled by the NE-trending Anqi fault. The AMS fabrics of all the specimens reveal a low Pj value (mean of 1.02) and a low T value (mean of ?0.024), suggesting that the deformation of the AMS ellipsoid is relatively weak. The specimens exhibit both oblate and prolate shapes of the AMS ellipsoid. Magnetic lineations and foliations are randomly distributed throughout the pluton without any preferred orientation. These AMS patterns indicate that the pluton formed in a relatively stable structural environment with no regional extrusion. Therefore, we propose a complex emplacement process in which the magmas reached the shallower crust levels via deep-faults and subsequently occupied the room created by doming, accompanied by stoping near the pluton roof. Additionally, the regional tectonic setting was relatively stable during the emplacement of the Akebasitao pluton, indicating the termination of compressional orogeny during the late Late Carboniferous in the West Junggar region. This conclusion perfectly coincides with the regional tectonic paleogeography, magmatic system, and paleostress field.     

西南天山乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成过程

地貌演化过程受大地构造及其规律的控制。本文通过对西南天山乌什北山地区滚滚铁列克河第四纪沉积和侵蚀地貌的观测,结合已发表的地层年代学研究,恢复了中更新世和全新世两期侵蚀地貌演化过程。中更新世地貌切割深度达1870 m以上,远远大于全新世50 m的地貌切割深度,认为该地区的高山峡谷地貌形成于中更新世。西南天山普遍发育的中更新世褶皱冲断构造,造成山体快速大幅隆升,是乌什北山高山峡谷地貌形成的主因。褶皱冲断构造向盆地方向扩展,导致山体向盆地方向隆升幅度减小,揭示了乌什北山地貌演化的空间规律。西南天山第四纪构造隆升过程与地貌演化之间存在密切关系。