低频地质雷达新技术在滑坡勘查中的试验研究

滑坡地质灾害在我国西北、西南广泛分布,传统的滑坡调查是采用地面调查结合钻探、槽探、坑探等方法进行.采用高性价比的地球物理手段进行滑坡勘查,对查清滑坡结构、探索其成灾机理和地质灾害评估及预警有重要意义.本文研究目的旨在探索研究低频地质雷达方法在滑坡勘查中的应用效果,为地质灾害调查提供实用技术手段.通过理论分析和野外试验,建立了滑坡正演模型,得出了滑坡典型电磁波传播特征,并在西北和西南几处滑坡上开展了野外试验,分析了黄土滑坡和基岩滑坡的雷达剖面特征,给出了地球物理解释.试验结果表明:低频地质雷达技术能够划分滑坡地层结构,对滑面深度和滑床形态准确刻画,对落水洞位置准确定位,这充分证实地质雷达是一种实用有效的地质灾害调查与评价技术手段.     

MDCT评价冠心病患者升主动脉弹性与高血压的相关性

目的：采用64-MDCT评价冠心病患者升主动脉弹性与高血压的相关性。方法：对135例拟诊冠心病的受检者行回顾性心电门控技术冠状动脉CTA和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查。测量受试者血压,重组升主动脉0％～95％R-R间期间隔5％的图像,采用MATLAB软件自动描绘并测量各R—R间期主动脉横截面积,然后计算出升主动脉弹性值。将受试者分为非高血压组（n=54）和高血压组（n=81）。结果：高血压组升主动脉弹性低于非高血压组（t=7．81,P〈0．001）。多元线性回归表明高血压是升主动脉弹性值的独立影响因子（B=-0．835,t=7．18,P〈0．001）。结论：升主动脉弹性与高血压有较好的相关性,升主动脉弹性的及时、准确评价有助于心血管疾病的早期预警。     

陕西商南金丝峡地质公园地质遗迹特征及地质意义

陕西商南金丝峡地质公园以南北方过渡地带的喀斯特峡谷地貌为依托,完整系统地保留了其形成、演化过程的地质遗迹。在对该公园地质遗迹资源进行调查和系统研究的基础上,采用定性与定量相结合,依据地质遗迹景观的评定体系和评定方法,对公园的地质遗迹资源质量进行评价。结果表明,公园喀斯特峡谷地貌类型、规模在全国具有典型意义。认为该研究区域将为研究峡谷形成演化历史提供详实、完整的资料,丰富峡谷地貌形成演化理论,进而为研究南秦岭新构造运动阶段划分奠定基础,推动整个秦岭造山带新构造运动的深入研究,对人类活动和环境的影响有着重要的地学意义。     

岩坡稳定性优势面分析法--以太湖度假区休体公园渔洋山边坡为例

运用优势面理论层次分析法。确定岩坡的控稳优势面．通过对太湖度假区休体公园渔洋山边坡的研究得出F1和软弱夹层是控稳优势面。通过优势面组合分析．得出4组优势分离体。其中F1、软弱夹层和边坡临空面组合为试算安全系数最小优势分离体。最后用Sarma法进行稳定性计算．得出各种优势分离体组合模型在考虑地下水和地震加速度为0．15g的情况下均是不稳定的。结果表明，采用层次分析法对岩坡稳定性进行评价的方法是可行的。     

RTK GSM 模式和 CORS 结合在污水管线测量应用

通过将CORS与RTK GSM工作模式相结合,采用中海达GPS的四参数解算,将使用单站RTK的独立坐标系转换到CORS使用的坐标系。通过二者结合克服CORS某些地区信号较差与单站RTK覆盖范围有限,频繁设站,无统一基准,且二者都需插SIM作业等问题,切换方便迅速,大大提高工作效率。     

基于Copula函数的韩江流域旱涝组合事件概率特征研究

以韩江流域潮安、横山和溪口3个代表性站点1959—2000年日流量数据为基础资料,选取4种边缘分布函数拟合各站点春、夏、秋、冬四季的径流距平百分率序列,并利用线性矩法估计参数,在此基础上采用4种Copula函数拟合春-夏、夏-秋、秋-冬、冬-春径流距平百分率序列,然后计算出各站点连旱连涝和旱涝交替这2类旱涝组合事件发生的概率,结果表明:1)基于Copula函数建立的联合分布模型可以较好地描述季节间连旱连涝和旱涝交替这2类旱涝组合事件发生的概率;2)潮安与溪口站夏-秋、秋-冬时段平均每4年发生一次连旱连涝的事件,春-夏、冬-春时段发生连旱和先旱后涝的概率均在10%左右;横山站秋冬季节平均每1.28年就发生一次连续干旱的事件。     

Numerical Simulation of Typhoon Muifa(2011) Using a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport(COAWST) Modeling System

The newly developed Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport(COAWST) Modeling System is applied to investigate typhoon-ocean interactions in this study. The COAWST modeling system represents the state-of-the-art numerical simulation technique comprising several coupled models to study coastal and environmental processes. The modeling system is applied to simulate Typhoon Muifa(2011), which strengthened from a tropical storm to a super typhoon in the Northwestern Pacific, to explore the heat fluxes exchanged among the processes simulated using the atmosphere model WRF, ocean model ROMS and wave model SWAN. These three models adopted the same horizontal grid. Three numerical experiments with different coupling configurations are performed in order to investigate the impact of typhoon-ocean interaction on the intensity and ocean response to typhoon. The simulated typhoon tracks and intensities agree with observations. Comparisons of the simulated variables with available atmospheric and oceanic observations show the good performance of using the coupled modeling system for simulating the ocean and atmosphere processes during a typhoon event. The fully coupled simulation that includes a ocean model identifies a decreased SST as a result of the typhoon-forced entrainment. Typhoon intensity and wind speed are reduced due to the decrease of the sea surface temperature when using a coupled ocean model. The experiments with ocean coupled to atmosphere also results in decreased sea surface heat flux and air temperature. The heat flux decreases by about 29% compared to the WRF only case. The reduction of the energy induced by SST decreases, resulting in weakening of the typhoon. Coupling of the waves to the atmosphere and ocean model induces a slight increase of SST in the typhoon center area with the ocean-atmosphere interaction increased as a result of wave feedback to atmosphere.     

Impacts of Topographic Complexity on Modeling Moisture Transport and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer

The non-hydrostatic global variable resolution model (MPAS-atmosphere) is used to conduct the simulations for the South Asian Summer monsoon season (June, July, and August) in 2015 with a refinement over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at the convection-permitting scale (4 km). Two experiments with different topographical datasets, complex (4-km) and smooth (60-km) topography, are designed to investigate the impacts of topographical complexity on moisture transport and precipitation. Compared with the observations and reanalysis data, the simulation can successfully capture the general features of key meteorological fields over the TP despite slightly underestimating the inflow through the southern TP. The results indicate that the complex topography can decrease the inward and outward moisture transport, ultimately increasing the total net moisture transport into the TP by ~11%. The impacts of complex topography on precipitation are negligible over the TP, but the spatial distributions of precipitation over the Himalayas are significantly modulated. With the inclusion of complex topography, the sharper southern slopes of the Himalayas shift the lifted airflow and hence precipitation northward compared to the smooth topography. In addition, more small-scale valleys are resolved by the inclusion of complex topography, which serve as channels for moisture transport across the Himalayas, further favoring a northward shift of precipitation. Overall, the difference between the two experiments with different topography datasets is mainly attributed to their differing representation of the degree of the southern slopes of the Himalayas and the extent to which the valleys are resolved.     

江西九江2号井地震水文地球化学特征及成因

对江西省九江地震台2号观测井井水、大气降水、马尾水泉水及天花井水库水的常量化学组分、氢氧同位素及氚活度数据进行分析,讨论九江台地下水的水化学类型、成因及补给循环过程,揭示九江地震台2号井对构造活动响应灵敏的地球化学特征。研究发现九江台2号井水水化学类型为HCO₃-Ca·Mg型;氢氧同位素指示九江台2号井水属于大气降水成因型,补给高程为647 m;氚活度分析给出的地下水年龄显示九江台2号井既有老水补给又有近10年的新水补给。分析结果表明,九江台2号井既有浅表水特征又有深循环水的特征,暗示两个不同补给源的含水层通过不同循环路径上升至浅表,而深部含水层可能携带部分深部构造活动的氡,并在瑞昌—阳新M_S4.6地震前出现较显著的异常信息。