临太湖局地平原区人居环境的自然适宜性评价——以吴江区为例

本文以苏州市吴江区为例,利用1971—2016年吴江区常规气象观测资料、2004—2016年吴江区自动气象观测数据、2016年吴江区各镇人口和面积数据、2016年ASTER GDEM 高程数据和Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS卫星遥感数据,将湖陆风指数引入人居自然环境适宜性评价体系,建立缓冲区后,分别计算气候适宜性指数、地被指数、水文指数、湖陆风指数和人居环境自然适宜性综合指数,在此基础上,分区分级评价了吴江区人居环境的自然适宜性。研究结果表明:(1)吴江区人居环境自然适宜度从西部往东部逐渐递减。(2)一般适宜区主要位于吴江区的东北部和东南局地,中度适宜区分布在中北部和南部,较高适宜区位于中部以西太湖沿岸,高度适宜区位于紧临太湖的西南地区,极高适宜区位于西南角局部地区。(3)引入湖陆风指数后,评价结果能更好地反映临湖平原的湖陆风环流对局地气候所起的关键作用。(4)建立缓冲区后的水文指数分布能够更客观地反映吴江区不同尺度水体分布对人居环境自然选择的影响。     

Automated Detection of Low-Contrast Solar Features Using the Phase-Congruency Algorithm

We propose a new feature-detection technique based on phase-congruency (PC) measurements to automatically recognize or enhance faint features in solar observations, such as off-limb coronal loops and umbral dots. Compared with other feature-detection methods that are based on gradient illuminance and imaging filtering, PC-based measurements are particular efficient for recognizing faint features, which generally have a low-intensity contrast to their surroundings. In the present article, we carry out a PC-based measurement of the local weighted mean phase angle (LWMPA) at each point in an image to indicate or highlight low-contrast features. We first used artificial images to check the detection accuracy and sensitivity to the noise of this approach. Subsequently, we applied this approach to an EUV observation obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly to highlight off-limb coronal loops, and a photospheric observation obtained by the Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope to recognize faint dots within the cores of sunspots and pores. The results illustrate that this PC-based measurement of the LWMPA is a robust detection method for faint structures in solar observations.     

校正热带测雨卫星轨道抬升对微波成像仪亮温的影响

热带测雨卫星(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM)在2001年8月轨道高度从350 km升高至402 km,搭载于其上的微波成像仪(TRMM Microwave Imager,TMI)的入射角随之发生变化,进而使得相应探测结果(亮温)发生改变,从而导致由此反演的大气参数出现虚假的突变。为保证轨道抬升前后TMI亮温资料的连致性,以便更好地用于气候研究,本研究首先分析了洋面轨道抬升前后亮温的差异及变化原因,然后结合微波辐射传输模式,分析了不同环境参数对亮温变化的影响,在此基础上用线性变换的方式对轨道抬升后的亮温进行了修正,并从不同角度检验修正效果。结果表明,轨道抬升前后亮温呈线性关系,低频垂直极化通道亮温轨道抬升后升高了0.8-1.6 K,其他通道亮温变化不大。经过修正,轨道抬升前后的亮温趋于一致,月平均亮温偏差明显减小,低频垂直极化通道亮温在轨道抬升期间的突变被消除,亮温变得连续平稳,可用于气候研究。     

FY2卫星展宽云图接收机设计与实现

静止气象卫星是监测地表、大气、海洋以及空间环境等相关数据的重要手段,为气象、农业、空间环境等领域提供着大量的科学数据.重点对FY2接收机的实现方法进行了研究,主要内容包括二次变频方法、基于HSP50110/HSP50210的数字解调、差分解码、关键参数设置以及信号指示等.最后以误码率为指标并结合图像接收效果对接收机性能进行直观评估,结果表明,所设计的接收机图像清晰、误码率低,具有一定的实际意义与参考价值.     

Phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） under graded feeding levels

Experiment on phosphorus budget of redeye mullet （Liza haematocheila T. ＆ S.） was conducted at water temperature 21℃ and salinity 33. The results showed that the growth phosphorus （phosphorus that allocated into growth, GP） increased from -30.84% to 15.83% by feeding on graded amount of diets （starvation, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% body weight and satiation）. The GP linearly increased with feeding levels （FL） as GP （mg） = - 0.785 ＋ 0.604 FL, and at satiation the relationship between GP and body weight （BW） was GP （mg） = 1,5991 BW0.7685. In the budget, IP （intake phosphorus） = GP ＋ FP （faecal phosphorus） ＋ EP （excretion phosphorus）. FP showed an irregular tendency with different feeding levels, and EP decreased with increasing feeding levels but rebound at satiation. The P budget at satiation was 100IP = 15.84 GP ＋ 64.62 FP ＋ 19.55 EP.     

单样本对卷积神经网络遥感图像时空融合

遥感图像时空融合是一种生成兼具高时空分辨率的合成遥感数据的技术。近年来,产生了一些基于卷积神经网络的时空融合方法。这些方法效果良好,但需要较多的图像样本对训练模型,限制了它们的应用。针对此问题,本文提出了一种单样本对卷积神经网络时空融合方法（SS-CNN）。该方法以高空间分辨率图像的波段平均图像提供的空间信息激励卷积神经网络建立高、低空间分辨率图像间的超分关系,进而利用该超分关系映射求解目标高空间分辨率图像。在实验中使用两个模拟数据集和一个真实数据集对该方法进行了测试,并与两种常用的时空融合方法做了比较。实验结果表明,SS-CNN在单样本对训练的情况下,可以较好地预测地物的物候变化和类型的变化,且在异质性高、地块破碎的区域表现良好。其不足之处在于会在地物边界上会造成轻微的模糊,将来需针对此问题做进一步改进。     

非差非组合PPP-RTK:模型算法、终端样机与实测结果

智能驾驶、精密农业和无人机等新兴行业要求全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)提供更加快速、准确的导航定位服务。非差非组合PPP-RTK融合了精密单点定位(PPP)和实时动态定位(RTK)两者的优势,能灵活处理多频多模数据并实现区域广覆盖的快速高精度定位。然而,PPP-RTK仍处于技术研发阶段,产业化应用尚未完全成型。本文从理论到实践,构建了码分多址和频分多址非差非组合PPP-RTK模型,开发了相应的实时解算软件,并研制了一款终端样机。基于平均站间距为154 km的京津冀参考网估计的精密改正产品,将终端样机分别搭载在无人机、农机和跑车上,开展了实时动态定位试验。试验结果表明,PPP-RTK终端样机在3个场景下的模糊度首次固定时间分别为5、2和7 s,模糊度固定成功率分别为99.79%、99.14%和98.96%,水平和高程定位精度分别在1 cm和4 cm左右。试验结果证明了自研PPP-RTK终端样机能提供连续、可靠、高精度的定位服务。     

Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore.Part Ⅰ: Cloud Structure and Precipitation Features

By using the Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model (AREM),the basic structure and cloud features of Typhoon Rananim are simulated and verified against observations.Five sets of experiments are designed to investigate the effects of the cloud microphysical processes on the model cloud structure and precipitation features.The importance of the ice-phase microphysics,the cooling effect related to microphysical characteristics change,and the influence of terminal velocity of graupel are examined.The results indicate that the cloud microphysical processes impact more on the cloud development and precipitation features of the typhoon than on its intensity and track.Big differences in the distribution pattern and content of hydrometeors,and types and amount of rainfall occur in the five experiments,resulting in different heating and cooling effects.The largest difference of 24-h rain rate reaches 52.5 mm h-1.The results are summarized as follows:1) when the cooling effect due to the evaporation of rain water is excluded,updrafts in the typhoon's inner core are the strongest with the maximum vertical velocity of-19 Pa s-1 and rain water and graupel grow most dominantly with their mixing ratios increased by 1.8 and 2.5 g kg-1,respectively,compared with the control experiment; 2) the melting of snow and graupel affects the growth of rain water mainly in the spiral rainbands,but much less significantly in the eyewall area; 3) the warm cloud microphysical process produces the smallest rainfall area and the largest percentage of convective precipitation (63.19％),while the largest rainfall area and the smallest percentage of convective precipitation (48.85％) are generated when the terminal velocity of graupel is weakened by half.     

CALIOP对一次秸秆焚烧后气溶胶光学特性的探测分析

采用星载激光雷达(Cloud - Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization,CALIOP)资料研究了2008年6月2日华东秸秆焚烧排放气溶胶的光学特性,并与2006～2008年统计结果进行了对比.结果表明:1)CALIOP能够有效探测到气溶胶层,探测结果符合生物质燃烧气溶胶的...