厦门海域营养盐含量和比率变化及其对浮游植物群落的影响

于2010年8月和10月对厦门海域营养盐和浮游植物等开展了两个航次的调查,目的在于研究该海域营养盐含量和比率变化及其对水采浮游植物群落的影响.各化学和生物要素的采集、保存和分析按照《海洋调查规范》或《海洋监测规范》的相关方法进行.研究结果表明,厦门海域浮游植物生长的营养盐限制性因子与1998年的研究结果比较,依然为PO4-P,而SiO3-Si含量和DIN含量相对充足.各项营养盐含量与盐度都有较明显的负相关性,其中保守性最明显的是DIN,而PO4-P与盐度的相关性相对最低.此外,8月份鉴定到的甲藻门种类和生物量明显高于10月份.本文认为,目前厦门海域营养盐比率变化的主要压力为N/P摩尔比率失衡.随着人为输入氮源的增加,在富氮的九龙江口及其邻近海域,极易发生中肋骨条藻赤潮,该藻的生物量与NO3-N和SiO3-Si含量的相关性十分明显.研究发现,厦门甲藻/硅藻生物量的比值与NO3-N和N/P摩尔比率有一定的正相关性,可能预示着该海域无机氮含量的增加及其引起的N/P摩尔比率增大会促进甲藻门种类的生长.并且浮游植物Shannon生物多样性指数可作为反映厦门海域富营养化较好的生物指标.     

深部破碎岩体变形模量的一种新型试验方法及工程应用

岩体的变形模量是表征岩体抗变形能力的一个重要参数。对于深部破碎岩体的变形模量,采用传统的现场试验法或钻孔弹模法获得其变形参数有一定的局限性。因此,采用一种新开发的试验手段：将现场钻孔中取得的深部破碎岩体试样带回室内,放入MTS中进行三轴试验,记录相应的位移和应力;同时推导了一套配套的理论计算公式,利用室内试验的方法获得了从钻孔中取得的深部破碎岩体的变形模量。采用上述方法对实际水电工程坝基深部破碎带岩体的变形模量进行试验计算,并对试验得到的变形模量结果进行检验分析。其结果表明：采用两种方法获得的深部破碎岩体变形模量值差别一般在10％以内。     

基于相互作用系数探讨的群桩简化分析

相互作用系数法是群桩分析的一种有效的数值计算方法,该方法关键在于确定群桩的相互作用系数。传统的弹性分析方法所得的相互作用系数值偏大,计算结果与实测值差距不小;采用考虑土体弹塑性特征和桩土界面接触的三维有限元方法计算相互作用系数可以有效减少弹性方法的计算偏差,在此基础上推导了高承台群桩的简化分析方法。根据ABAQUS平台进行了大量三维有限元计算,分析了荷载水平、桩土模量比、桩距径比和桩长桩径比对相互作用系数的影响;比较了不同方法下相互作用系数的变化规律。通过有限元方法确定的相互作用系数对两群桩工程实例进行分析,计算结果表明该方法最接近于实测结果。     

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF FAULTS IN THE EPICENTER AREA OF JINGGU M6.6 EARTHQUAKE

The 2014 Jinggu M6.6 earthquake attacked the Jinggu area where few historical earthquakes had occurred and little study has been conducted on active tectonics. The lack of detailed field investigation on active faults and seismicity restricts the assessment of seismic risk of this area and leads to divergent view points with respect to the seismotectonics of this earthquake, so relevant research needs to be strengthened urgently. In particular, some studies suggest that this earthquake triggered the activity of the NE-trending faults which have not yet been studied. By the approaches of remote sensing image interpretation, structural geomorphology investigation and trench excavation, we studied the late Quaternary activity of the faults in the epicenter area, which are the eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin and the Yixiang-Zhaojiacun Fault, and drew the conclusions as follows: (1)The eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin originates around the Naguai village in the southeastern margin of Yongping Basin,extending northward across the Qiandong, Tianfang, and ending in the north of Tiantou. The fault is about 43km long, striking near SN. The linear characteristic of the fault is obvious in remote sensing images. Structural geomorphological phenomena, such as fault troughs, linear ridges and gully dislocations, have developed along the faults. There are several dextral-dislocated gullies near Naguai village, with displacements of 300m, 220m, 146m, 120m and 73m, respectively, indicating that the fault is a dextral strike-slip fault with long-term activity. In order to further study the activity of the fault, a trench was excavated in the fault trough, the Naguai trench. The trench reveals many faults, and the youngest strata offseted by the faults are Holocene, with ¹⁴C ages of(1 197±51)a and(1 900±35)a, respectively. All those suggest that it is a Holocene active fault. (2)The Yixiang-Zhaojiacun Fault starts at the southeast of the Jinggu Basin, passes through Xiangyan, Yixiang, Chahe, and terminates at the Zhaojiacun. The total length of the fault is about 60km, and is a large-scale NE-trending fault in the Wuliangshan fault zone. Four gullies are synchronously sinistrally dislocated at Yixiang village, with the displacements of 340m, 260m, 240m and 240m, indicating that the fault is a long-term active sinistral strike-slip fault. A trench was excavated in a fault trough in Yixiang village. The trench reveals a small sag pond and a fault. The fault offsets several strata with clear dislocation and linear characteristic. The thickness of strata between the two walls of fault does not match, and the gravels are oriented along fault plane. The offset strata have the ¹⁴C age of(2 296±56)a, (3 009±51)a, and(4 924±45)a, respectively, and another two strata have the OSL age of(1.8±0.1)ka, (8.6±0.5)ka respectively, by which we constrained the latest paleoearthquake between(1.8±0.1)ka(OSL-Y01)and(378±48)a BP(CY-07). This again provides further evidence that the fault is a Holocene fault with long-term activity. (3)Based on the distribution of aftershocks and the predecessor research results, the 2014 Jinggu M6.6 earthquake and the M5.8, M5.9 strong aftershocks are regarded as being caused by the eastern margin fault of Yongping Basin, which is part of the Wuliangshan fault zone. The seismogenic mechanism is that the stress has been locked, concentrated and accumulated to give rise to the quakes in the wedge-shaped area near the intersection of the SN and NE striking faults, which is similar to the seismogenic mechanism in the southwest of Yunnan Province.     

全过程的沉降量预测方法研究

根据全过程的沉降量与时间关系的特点,建立了泊松曲线预测模型,然后将该模型应用于某些具体的工程,证实了该方法的合理性,最后指出了值得进一步研究的问题。     

微生物碳酸盐岩油气储层研究现状与展望

微生物碳酸盐岩是一种重要的油气储集岩。在中国古老深埋碳酸盐岩地层中它们是主要的岩石类型。微生物碳酸盐岩通常可划分为叠层石、凝块石、树枝石、均一石和核形石等五种类型。储层孔隙系统与微生物岩的沉积结构和构造密切相关,窗格孔（洞）和格架孔（洞）是主要储集空间类型。全球中新元古界至中生界都发现了以微生物碳酸盐岩为储层的油气田,资源潜力巨大。 微生物岩储层的岩石类型、沉积构造、相序结构、沉积模式和储层有利相带尚有许多不明晰之处,是今后进一步深化研究的重点方向。     

鲁西下常庄磁铁角闪岩岩体中锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

鲁西地区下常庄岩体是由新发现的一种岩石类型—磁铁角闪岩组成。磁铁角闪岩主要由角闪石(40%~45%)、磁铁矿(35%~45%)、斜长石(10%~15%)和次要的单斜辉石及副矿物锆石、磷灰石组成。该岩体中锆石的阴极发光图像显示出锆石大多数呈自形半自形的晶形,具有典型的岩浆生长环带,其Th/U均大于0.25,表明具有岩浆成因。对锆石进行的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年结果表明,多数锆石构成了上交点为(2396±110)Ma、下交点为(264±170)Ma的不一致年龄线。(242±10)Ma代表了该岩体的侵位结晶年龄;(476±62)Ma与华北克拉通东部古生代金伯利岩的形成时代相吻合;(758±28)Ma所代表的岩浆事件与扬子克拉通及其与华北克拉通相接触部位出现的新元古代岩浆事件相一致;(1855±8)Ma、(2014±8)Ma和(2394±9)Ma年龄则代表了华北克拉通基底物质的存在。     

九龙江河口沉积物重金属污染评价

选择九龙江河口水域的沉积物为对象,以地质累计指数法、生态危害指数法对该水域沉积物重金属的污染程度及潜在生态危害进行评价,并利用主成分分析法分析其可能的来源。地质累积指数结果表明,九龙江河口水域沉积物中Zn、Cr均属无污染,大部分站位的Cu、Pb、Hg、As为无污染或轻度污染,大部分站位的Cd则为轻度或中度污染：生态危害...     

频率-空间域有限差分法叠前深度偏移

为了处理横向强变速介质中的深度成像问题,本文提出一种基于共炮道集的优化系数的傍轴近似方程叠前深度偏移算子,并在基于反射系数估算的成像条件下,可实现叠前深度偏移成像.该算子具有方程阶数低且能对陡倾角成像的特征,并采用有限差分法波场延拓,能适应速度场的任意变化.当在频率-空间域进行计算时,相对于纯粹的时间-空间域有限差分算法有计算效率高、成像方便的优点.脉冲响应测试和对Marmousi模型进行的叠前深度偏移结果表明,该偏移方法在强横向变速情况下具有非常好的成像效果.     

粘土地基中的水浮力试验研究

本文运用模型试验方法,对粘土层中深基础上的地下水浮力的力学效应进行分析,主要探讨不同水位下地下水浮力的变化规律和地下水浮力随时间的动态变化过程。试验结果表明,实测的地下水浮力始终比按阿基米德定律计算的理论水浮力要小,具体的变化规律可用折减系数来表示,不同水位下地下水浮力的变化规律基本相同,在水位刚达到时的折减系数达到0.3～0.4。随着时间的增长,折减系数逐步增大,最终达到0.65～0.72。