SEA LEVEL RISE OF THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA AND NEOTECTONICS

A linear regression analysis of 28 selected tide-gauge stations of the Zhujiang Estuary shows that there has been a tendency of local sea level rise at a rate of 2.028 mm per year. The origin of the variation is significantly attributed to the local tectonic movement of discrepant fault-block. Based on this, four types of relative local sea level changes are classified. According to calculation, half of the fertile land, or 800 km2 of the delta plain will have been submerged by sea water by about 2040. This will yield a significant influence on the economic construction and human activities.     

差应变法地应力测量——以汶川地震断裂带科学钻探WFSD-1钻孔为例

岩心差应变分析法是汶川地震断层科学钻探(WFSD)项目地应力测量的主要手段之一, 该技术通过高压容器对取之于钻孔不同深度的实验样品施加围压, 观察先前由于失去地层应力而膨胀产生的裂纹重新闭合, 并通过裂纹闭合过程差应变曲线分析, 确定主应力大小和方向。WFSD-1孔12个岩心样品的DSA测试结果表明:断层上下盘的应力状态有明显差异, 区域地应力不仅随深度增加, 还与地质结构和岩石的物理性质等因素有关。      

敦密断裂带盆地群油页岩特征及成矿差异分析

古近纪敦密断裂带上分布一系列的含油页岩盆地群。根据盆地间构造-沉积充填、岩石组合和油页岩赋存特征,初步确认盆地群中油页岩沉积于湖盆鼎盛阶段,均形成于古近系始新统路特阶。盆地群间油页岩矿床特征存在明显的差别,由西南向东北,油页岩厚度逐渐变小,其沉积环境由深湖到半深湖,再到湖沼,而有机质来源则由湖泊生物为主,到湖泊生物和陆源有机质双向来源,过渡为以陆源高等植物为主。结合含油页岩层系形成于同一时期和相似的古气候背景下,盆地沉降和沉积充填作用是影响油页岩矿床差异的关键因素。长期处于欠补偿环境,可容纳空间大的湖盆利于巨厚油页岩的形成,随着可容纳空间的减少、陆源碎屑供给的增多,油页岩厚度减薄,分布也变得相对局限。深湖和湖沼成因油页岩品质较好,半深湖油页岩品质较差。     

基于网络控制板的地震台站远程电源监控系统

针对无人值守地震台站逐年增加,运行维护模式不佳的现状,设计一种远程电源监控系统,采用远程电源控制模块,设计软件通过TCP/IP协议,在仪器出现死机时,远程实现设备的断电重启。本文对该系统的设计思路、硬件构成进行描述,并简要介绍软件功能设计、监控告警以及该系统在无人值守台站的应用。实践证明,该系统可有效解决因仪器死机造成的观测数据缺记,为地震专业设备的可靠运行和及时维护提供依据与保障,为今后地震台站,特别是无人值守台站的维护提供借鉴。     

论东亚地区期货市场的发展趋势

本文从东亚地区期货市场发展的基本特征出发，针对期货市场发展中存在的主要问题，分析了它未来的发展趋势。认为其发展将趋于集中化，主核心将日渐清晰，走彼此协同的合作发展道路。     

常州市国土资源三级动态综合巡查系统设计与实现

本文结合常州市国土资源三级动态综合巡查系统的建设实践,对传统国土资源执法巡查工作由于欠缺技术手段造成的弊端进行了分析,依托3S技术、3G技术、空间数据库技术、嵌入式开发技术等现代技术,探讨和梳理了内业、外业一体化的巡查工作业务流程,设计和实践了乡、县、市三级国土资源管理部门上下联动的巡查业务新模型。     

Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions

陆面过程蒸腾作用的模拟制约着天气,气候降水预测的精确度.近几十年来,为了更好地描述植被蒸腾的水力约束,陆面过程模式发展了基于植物性状的植物水力胁迫方案.然而,我们对于植物性状在蒸腾模拟中的地位仍然缺乏了解,植物性状对蒸腾的重要性仍需进一步量化.本研究利用Morris方法评估植物性状参数在通用陆面模式植物水力胁迫方案(CoLM-P₅₀HS)中的重要性,针对17种植物性状,筛选出最为重要的:耐旱性状(P₅₀),气孔性状,和光合作用性状.在12个FLUXNET站点中,参数的重要性由归一化敏感度来衡量.P₅₀的重要性随着降水的减少而增加,而气孔性状和光合作用性状的重要性则随着降水的减少而减少.在干旱或半干旱地区,P₅₀比气孔性状和光合作用性状更重要,这意味着当植物经常经历干旱时,水力安全策略比植物生长策略更关键.而耐旱性状的巨大变异性进一步暗示了多种植物水力安全策略的共存.忽视P₅₀的变异性可能会对陆面过程模式蒸腾作用的模拟造成严重误差.因此,为了更好地表示植物水力功能的变异性,需要增加对耐旱性状的观测并耦合到陆面模式中.     

Assessment of alternative adsorption models and global sensitivity analysis to characterize hexavalent chromium loss from soil to surface runoff

We investigate our ability to assess transfer of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from the soil to surface runoff by considering the effect of coupling diverse adsorption models with a two‐layer solute transfer model. Our analyses are grounded on a set of two experiments associated with soils characterized by diverse particle size distributions. Our study is motivated by the observation that Cr(VI) is receiving much attention for the assessment of environmental risks due to its high solubility, mobility, and toxicological significance. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is considered to be at equilibrium in the mixing layer under our experimental conditions. Four adsorption models, that is, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, constitute our set of alternative (competing) mathematical formulations. Experimental results reveal that the soil samples characterized by the finest grain sizes are associated with the highest release of Cr(VI) to runoff. We compare the relative abilities of the four models to interpret experimental results through maximum likelihood model calibration and four model identification criteria (i.e., the Akaike information criteria [AIC and AIC_C] and the Bayesian and Kashyap information criteria). Our study results enable us to rank the tested models on the basis of a set of posterior weights assigned to each of them. A classical variance‐based global sensitivity analysis is then performed to assess the relative importance of the uncertain parameters associated with each of the models considered, within subregions of the parameter space. In this context, the modelling strategy resulting from coupling the Langmuir isotherm with a two‐layer solute transfer model is then evaluated as the most skilful for the overall interpretation of both sets of experiments. Our results document that (a) the depth of the mixing layer is the most influential factor for all models tested, with the exception of the Freundlich isotherm, and (b) the total sensitivity of the adsorption parameters varies in time, with a trend to increase as time progresses for all of the models. These results suggest that adsorption has a significant effect on the uncertainty associated with the release of Cr(VI) from the soil to the surface runoff component.     

石油测井光电编码器深度测量系统

介绍了石油测井深度光电编码器测量系统的测量原理、系统组成以及电路分析,同时在对系统误差分析的基础上给出了具体校正方法。     

塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系主要白云岩类型及孔隙发育特征

塔里木盆地寒武系和下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样。按照结构和特殊构造两大分类依据,文中将研究区白云岩归为6大类,即泥-粉晶白云岩(又按含膏与否进一步分为含膏泥-粉晶白云岩和不含膏泥-粉晶白云岩)、粉-细晶白云岩、中-粗晶白云岩、斑状白云岩、藻纹层白云岩和膏溶角砾白云岩。每类白云岩都可以其独具特色的晶体结构和/或沉积构造与其他类型相区分。在这些白云岩中发育的孔隙类型主要有6种,即窗格孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、溶孔、角砾孔及砾间溶孔和缝合线孔,其中除窗格孔为原生孔隙外,其余均属次生孔隙。就其储集意义而言,以溶孔和晶间孔最为重要,次为角砾孔及砾间溶孔,而铸模孔和窗格孔的储集意义相对次要。缝合线孔的意义主要有二:一是可改善储集岩的渗透性,二是与斑状白云岩配合还可能构成有效储集岩。