湖南慈利溪口剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组碳酸盐岩微量元素特征及其古环境意义

以湖南慈利溪口埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组剖面为研究对象,分析了64件碳酸盐岩样品的微量元素以及稀土元素特征。结果表明,利用U/Th、Ce异常和Ca/Mg等多种指标识别出的陡山沱期古氧化还原环境与层序地层学的研究结果基本一致,说明碳酸盐岩的这3个指标在重建埃迪卡拉纪古海洋环境的研究中具有一定的适用性。稀土元素配分模式在陡山沱组底部和中部均发生了明显的由典型淡水模式向典型古海水模式的转变,很可能指示了在Marinoan冰期和Gaskier冰期结束之后,大量的间冰期冰融淡水注入海洋并逐步被古海水取代。较高的Eu异常值以及前人在溪口剖面发现的多期古地震证据可能暗示了海底热液活动几乎贯穿于整个埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱期,且具有早期剧烈、晚期逐渐趋于平缓的特征。多期次的海底热液活动为古海洋提供了重要的磷质来源,对埃迪卡拉纪生物的出现与繁盛具有重要的意义。     

哈密坡子泉地区石炭系研究的新认识

通过野外工作 ,在前人所划的坡子泉地区石炭系白山组内新发现三个角度不整合 ,而将白山组解体成四个组。结合古生物化石和同位素年龄资料 ,将狼泉组和坡子泉组划归下石炭统 ,黑石山组和马庄山组划归上石炭统。在此基础上 ,研究了新划四个组的沉积环境 ,总结了坡子泉地区石炭纪地壳演化简史 ,建立了地层组合模式     

定点式横向声学多普勒流速剖面仪应用研究

介绍了应用定点式横向声学多普勒流速仪进行实时流量在线监测方面的比测率定研究工作。主要从设备选型、安装位置、代表流速计算、单元流速区间选择、关系率定、精度评定、测点流速分析等方面进行了分析研究。通过设备选型、安装位置、单元流速区间选择等多方面的比较分析,选择最佳方案,进行比测分析,率定出代表流速与断面平均流速的关系。重点对设备安装位置、单元流速区间的选择、流速横向分布等进行比较分析,对于其他测站的类似H-ADCP监测方案有一定的指导意义。     

库车坳陷同沉积演化的古地磁研究

运用古地磁学方法研究了库车坳陷第三系同沉积褶皱,同褶皱检验发现上新统和渐新统原生剩磁主要是同沉积剩磁,说明该区上新世和渐新世表现出较强的构造活动性;因而,对推断控制库车坳陷油气分布的构造格架和相关的构造形迹有十分重要的地质意义。     

关于中国东海陆架沉积模式与第四纪海侵问题

世界上许多沿海国家为了开发和利用海底矿产资源,以及国防上的需要,都曾相继成立若干海洋研究机构,建造或改进海洋调查设备和海底钻探技术,使海徉第四纪地质学的研究,以前所未有的速度向前迈进。迄今,几乎所有的陆架海都程度不同地得到了研究,取得了相当丰富的地质资料,扩大了研究领域,推动了陆架海第四纪地质学的发展,使人们对该海域的研究进人到崭新的阶段。     

水文资料整编流量测验数据的检查

介绍了水文资料整编数据中的流量相关数据的检查情况。根据南方片整编程序推流数据文件中时间数据自动调取遥测水位数据文件中相应时间的水位数值,并与推流数据文件中的水位进行对比,检查水位数据正确性。特别是根据推流数据的开关闸时间和测流开始时间、结束时间来查找相应的遥测水位文件中的水位,并将查找出来的遥测水位与测流水位进行比较,水位不同的就列一个文件进行提示,并将推流过程和测流过程转换成DAT文件,展绘到水位过程线CAD图上以便对时间数据进行校核。同时对流量计算文件中的水位进行对比检查。     

Study on suspended matter in seawater in the Southern Yellow Sea

Distribution of suspended matter in seawater in the Southern Yellow Sea is investigated in five regions: 1) the Northern Jiangsu bank, the highest TSM (total suspended matter) content region; 2) the high TSM content region off the Changjiang River mouth; 3) the high TSM content region off the Chengshan Cape; 4) the low TSM region off Haizhou Bay; 5) the central part of the Southern Yellow Sea, a low TSM content region. The vertical distribution of TSM is mainly characterized by a spring layer of suspended matter, written as “suspended-cline” whose genesis is related to storms in winter. In this paper, non-combustible components and grain sizes in suspended matter, relationship between suspended matter and bottom sediments, and salinity in seawater are described. Investigation result shows that, in this area, suspended matter comes mainly from resuspended bottom sediment and secondarily from present discharge loads from rivers and biogenic materials. Discharged sediments from the Huanghe River move around the Chengshan Cape and affect the northwestern region of this area. Sediments from the Changjiang River affect only the southern part and have little or no direct influence on the central deep region. Wave is the main factor affecting distribution of suspended matter. Water depth controls the critical depth acted on by waves. The cold water mass in the central region limits horizontal and vertical dispersions of terrigenous materials. Suspended matter here has the transitional properties of the epicontinental sea. Its concentration and composition are different from those of a semi-closed sea (such as the Bohai Sea) and those of the East China Sea outer continental shelf or those near oceanic areas.     

Application of a sea surface temperature front composite algorithm in the Bohai,Yellow, and East China Seas

The oceanic front is a narrow zone in which water properties change abruptly within a short distance. The sea surface temperature (SST) front is an important type of oceanic front, which plays a signifi cant role in many fi elds including fi sheries, the military, and industry. Satellite-derived SST images have been used widely for front detection, although these data are susceptible to infl uence by many objective factors such as clouds, which can cause missing data and a reduction in front detection accuracy. However, front detection in a single SST image cannot fully refl ect its temporal variability and therefore, the long-term mean frequency of occurrence of SST fronts and their gradients are often used to analyze the variations of fronts over time. In this paper, an SST front composite algorithm is proposed that exploits the frontal average gradient and frequency more eff ectively. Through experiments based on MODIS Terra and Aqua data, we verifi ed that fronts could be distinguished better by using the proposed algorithm. Additionally through its use, we analyzed the monthly variations of fronts in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas, based on Terra data from 2000 to 2013.     

广西岩溶地区红黏土的工程地质特征及成因分析

红黏土的地质成因是其特殊工程性质的根本来源。本文在剖析广西岩溶地貌特征和红黏土形成、分布特点的基础上, 着重选择广西岩溶地区的4种红黏土作为研究对象, 通过现场采样、剖面特征描述、室内土工试验、微观实验等手段, 对广西红黏土的工程地质特征及成因进行了深入分析, 为揭示红黏土特殊的物理化学特性及工程应用提供依据。研究结果表明:(1)广西典型的湿热气候、广泛发育的岩溶环境有利于红黏土的形成, (2)广西红黏土具有一般红黏土的特性, 矿物成分以高亲水性的高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石为主, 微观上呈现粒团内孔隙和粒团间孔隙并存的二级孔隙结构, (3)广西地区红黏土的地质剖面表现出明显的分层现象, 从地表开始至碳酸盐基岩面, 随着深度的递增, 红黏土的孔隙比、含水率、液限、塑性指数、自由膨胀率和收缩性均呈现出逐渐增大的趋势, 而其密度、干密度等指标却与之相反, 呈现出逐渐变小的趋势, (4)从地质成因来看, 桂林、柳州、武鸣三地均属于残积、残坡积红黏土, 而来宾则属于冲洪积红黏土。     

湘中涟源凹陷下二叠统梁山组页岩气勘探前景

基于涟源凹陷二叠系梁山组泥页岩野外露头、钻井等资料,通过有机地化分析测试、X-衍射分析、扫描电镜观察、等温吸附等实验测试分析,系统研究了梁山组泥页岩的地质及地化特征、矿物组成、孔隙结构及吸附性能等。研究结果表明,梁山组有效泥页岩单层厚度为6.15~35.18 m;有机质丰度较高,多数大于1%,平均为1.77%;有机质类型主要为I型,岩石热解峰温Tmax（450~533℃）和镜质体反射率（1.51%~1.83%）表明泥页岩属于高成熟阶段富有机质泥页岩。泥页岩矿物组成以石英为主,黏土矿物含量次之,黏土矿物以伊利石为主,有利于改善泥页岩储集性能。孔隙类型多样,有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔及微裂缝为页岩气赋存提供空间。页岩吸附气含量达0.65 m3/t,具有一定的气体吸附能力。总体上梁山组泥页岩在涟源凹陷普遍发育且规模较大,特别是向斜区南部是页岩气有利勘探区。