细菌胞外多糖的研究进展

多糖在自然界高等植物、藻类、细菌及动物体内均有存在,分布极广。通常植物和藻类来源的多糖较为普遍,但近些年来,微生物来源的多糖越来越引起人们的广泛注意。尤其是细菌和真菌的胞外多糖,因其易于分离纯化而且产量高等优点在工业生产中颇受人们青睐。     

雨生红球藻β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因的cDNA和基因组DNA克隆及序列分析

根据已知的β-胡萝卜素酮化酶(β-carotene ketolase,BKT)的cDNA序列设计引物,利用长距离PCR扩增获得了bkt基因的cDNA完整编码片段及基因组DNA片段,并对这些片断进行了序列测定。cDNA和基因组DNA比对结果表明该基因至少包括5个内含子,它们的剪切位点皆符合GU-AG规律。在比对结果中同时还发现一个19bp的短序列重复,该重复序列在bkt的cDNA和基因组DNA上都发生了多次重复,推测在BKT的表达调控中可能具有一定功能。另外,在序列比对过程中还发现本实验所获得的cDNA和基因组DNA序列与前人报道的cDNA序列之间都存在多处单碱基差异和19bp的短序列差异。     

海岸河口潮流数值模拟的研究与进展

对海岸河口地区潮流场的数值模拟方法进行了较为系统的归纳总结和评述,对潮流数值模拟的发展趋势进行了分析.     

不规则波远破波对直墙的作用

基于物模试验、理论推理、因次分析和工程实例验证等综合分析方法,就不规则波远破波对直墙作用力的计算方法进行了研究,用推荐的方法得到的结果与工程实例符合较好.     

4种海洋单胞藻生化组成的环境因子效应研究

在实验室模拟条件下,应用14C示踪法测定4种海洋单胞藻的光合作用速率,研究光、温度和营养盐等环境因子对藻类细胞生化组成的影响.结果表明,三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻适宜生长的光强范围为5.8×103～15×103lx.4种单胞藻光合作用速率随光强增加而增大,其中盐藻和等鞭金藻的光响应比较明显.随光强增加,4种单胞藻细胞的碳水化合物含量及其变化量呈增加趋势,而蛋白质含量及其变化量则减少,脂类含量变化很小.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻最适生长温度分别为:14、26、21、26℃左右.在上述4个实验温度时,4种单胞藻光合作用速率最高,细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量及其变化量也达到最大值.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻光合作用过程的表观活化能(E)分别为:23.2、38.5、22.4和61.7KJ/mol,温度系数(Q10)分别为:1.74、1.74.1.38和1.69.三角褐指藻和中肋骨条藻在氮磷比(N/P)为16时,盐藻和等鞭金藻在氮磷比为28时,光合作用速率最大.在N/P为16时,4种单胞藻细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量和变化量均达到最大值.     

海洋微藻高度不饱和脂肪酸的研究 I.几种常用海洋微藻的脂类和脂肪酸組成

高度不饱和脂肪酸,特别是20:5(EPA)和22:6(DHA)等n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)对人类的生长发育和健康有重要的作用,具有降血脂、降血压、抗血栓、防止血小板凝聚,降低胆固醇等作用,可以用于治疗心脑血管疾病,还能抑制某些肿瘤的发生,降低其生长速度(Simopoulos et al.,1991)。DHA是人类大脑和视网膜正常发育必不可少的物质,能改善脑机能、提高智力和记忆力(Simopoulos et al.,1991; Carlson et al.,1991),目前尤其受到人们的重视;EPA和DHA也是海洋鱼类及甲壳类动物幼体生长发育所必需的营养要素,近年来在水产养殖中也受到特别重视。 海洋微藻具有合成EPA和DHA等n3-PUFA的奇特能力,其它海洋生物,包括鱼类中的EPA和DHA大都通过食物链从藻类积蓄而来(齐藤洋昭,1993),而且藻油没有鱼腥味,很少含胆固醇,因此海洋微藻是EPA和DHA的另一种重要的来源;海洋微藻又是海洋水产动物育苗中非常重要的生物饵料,其EPA和DHA的含量是衡量其营养价值的非常重要的指标,因此海洋微藻中高度不饱和脂肪酸的研究和开发近年来受到了极大的重视,成了研究的热门。 本文报道了我国沿海水产养殖中几种常用微藻的脂类和高度不饱和脂肪酸的组成和含量,为海洋微藻的开发利用提供了基础资料。     

基于ArcGIS Engine与ArcGIS Server的海域定级信息管理系统设计与开发

以Visual Studio 2012为平台,利用ArcGIS Engine强大的空间分析功能,以C#为开发语言结合第三方插件设计开发海域定级决策子系统,实现了不同用海方式海域的自动化定级,对海域定级基础数据、过程数据和结果数据进行综合管理,构建了一个具有一定实用价值的海域定级信息管理系统原型;此外,利用WebGIS将海域定级决策子系统分析生成的结果数据发布成服务,实现海域定级信息共享子系统。本研究为海域定级提供智能化平台,提高对海域定级及评估效率,有利于海洋可持续发展。     

一种高Q值单频水声信号放大提取电路的设计

针对水声信号所处环境复杂、背景噪声源多的特点,提出了一种基于JFET的超低噪音放大电路,该电路选用两片低噪音的场效应管2SK170作为第一级放大器件,经过CR高通滤波连接到同相放大电路,整体电路增益可达70dB;为进一步提升接收信号信噪比,结合双T滤波器特点优化设计出一种高Q值选频电路;通过Multisim14仿真表明,设计的电路在1 Hz处的电压噪声密度仅为2.4 nV/Hz^0.5,滤波器Q值可达25.6,结合实际电路测试结果表明,设计的电路能够满足水声测量要求。     

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of A Long Flexible Cylinder in Linear and Exponential Shear Flows

A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.     

Establishment of Numerical Wave Flume Based on the Second-Order Wave-Maker Theory

With growing computational power, the first-order wave-maker theory has become well established and is widely used for numerical wave flumes. However, existing numerical models based on the first-order wave-maker theory lose accuracy as nonlinear effects become prominent. Because spurious harmonic waves and primary waves have different propagation velocities, waves simulated by using the first-order wave-maker theory have an unstable wave profile. In this paper, a numerical wave flume with a piston-type wave-maker based on the second-order wave-maker theory has been established. Dynamic mesh technique was developed. The boundary treatment for irregular wave simulation was specially dealt with. Comparisons of the free-surface elevations using the first-order and second-order wave-maker theory prove that second-order wave-maker theory can generate stable wave profiles in both the spatial and time domains. Harmonic analysis and spectral analysis were used to prove the superiority of the second-order wave-maker theory from other two aspects. To simulate irregular waves, the numerical flume was improved to solve the problem of the water depth variation due to low-frequency motion of the wave board. In summary, the new numerical flume using the second-order wave-maker theory can guarantee the accuracy of waves by adding an extra motion of the wave board. The boundary treatment method can provide a reference for the improvement of nonlinear numerical flume.