Spatial representation in the social interaction potential metric: an analysis of scale and parameter sensitivity

The social interaction potential (SIP) metric measures urban structural constraints on social interaction opportunities of a metropolitan region based on the time geographic concept of joint accessibility. Previous implementations of the metric used an interaction surface based on census tracts and the locations of their centroids. This has been shown to be a shortcoming, as the metric strongly depends on the scale of the zoning system in the region, making it difficult to compare the SIP metric between metropolitan regions. This research explores the role of spatial representation in the SIP metric and identifies a suitable grid-based representation that allows for comparison between regions while retaining cost-effectiveness with respect to computational burden. We also report on findings from an extensive sensitivity analysis investigating the SIP metric’s input parameters such as a travel flow congestion factor and the length of the allowable time budget for social activities. The results provide new insights on the role of the modifiable areal unit problem in the computation of time geographic measures of accessibility.     

三维点云在轨道板快速检测中的应用

针对现有的CRTSⅢ型轨道板检测方法效率低下、设备组装复杂、部分还需人工操作等不足,基于三维点云数据实现了轨道板外形尺寸的高精度快速检测。利用轨道板标准三维模型建立相关检测特征,在完成轨道板三维点云数据相关预处理后,将点云数据精确配准至标准三维模型,利用模型上已建立的特征拟合计算轨道板表面点云数据的检测特征,获得轨道板各检测指标的测量值;计算测量值与标准三维模型设计尺寸之间的偏差,从而实现轨道板外形尺寸的快速检测。实验表明,与常规的检测手段相比,该方法具有检测精度高、速度快、检测结果稳定可靠、检测项目齐全等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

电子水准仪数据检查及其预处理

测量数据的检查及预处理是测量内外业一体化中的重要环节,其意义在于最大限度地保证原始测量数据的真实性及有效性。本文以TfimbleDiNi03电子水准仪为例,通过对其原始数据格式进行分析,阐述了数据检查的主要内容、方法及其预处理的基本思路、基本步骤。     

利用RD模型和DEM数据的高分辨率机载SAR图像模拟

本文提出一种利用DEM数据基于RD模型的SAR图像模拟方法。该方法选择了Muhleman后向散射系数模型模拟SAR图像的辐射特性,引入SAR成像中的RD模型直接进行几何变换和灰度重采样模拟出SAR图像的几何特征。实验结果分析表明:模拟的SAR图像和真实SAR图像在图像纹理和几何关系上是一致的,而且几何关系可以精确配准到均方根误差为1.3个像素。     

高放废物地质处置北山预选区旧井和新场花岗岩填隙方解石同位素地球化学

为了探讨高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区旧井和新场预选地段的古地下流体来源、成因、化学演化历史以及水-岩相互作用,文章系统研究了该地段花岗岩填隙方解石的产出特征及其碳、氧、锶同位素的组成特征。测试结果表明,旧井和新场方解石的δ13 C组成均较稳定且为负值(分别为-11.6‰~-5.7‰和-9.9‰~-5.1‰);δ18 O分别为-0.7‰~19.7‰和10.9‰~21.9‰,旧井方解石具有更宽的δ18 O取值范围。87 Sr/86 Sr也略有差异,旧井为0.708584~0.718749,新场为0.708838~0.732967,二者随深度增加而呈明显的降低趋势。研究表明,北山预选区地下流体来源及成因较复杂,浅部地下水受大气降水的影响较大,深部流体则主要源于地下咸水,为低温流体蚀变成因。花岗岩裂隙中的水-岩反应强度总体较弱,地下水环境相对稳定。相比较而言,新场岩体深部的地球化学环境更稳定,更有利于高放废物的长期处置。     

崩塌体水力输移与塌岸淤床交互影响试验

以二元结构河岸崩塌模式为研究背景,在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究凹岸坡脚处成型崩塌体在水力作用下输移过程及其对岸坡稳定性与河床冲淤的交互影响。试验成果表明,崩塌体经水力分解破碎呈块状、片状或颗粒状起动,部分随水流带至凸岸或下游,堆积在坡脚附近的崩塌体残留量随水力作用大小及土体特性不同而变化。崩塌体临水面周围尤其上下游端水流紊动强烈易形成较大剪切力区,临坡面上下游端附近剪切力较无崩塌体时减小;崩塌体体积越大,对剪切力区特征的改变也越明显。崩塌体的存在虽不能制止附近岸坡的再次崩塌,但可能抑制崩岸发展及附近河床淤积的程度,崩塌体的粘性或体积越大,这种抑制作用越显著;相同崩塌体抑制附近河床淤积的程度较抑制岸坡崩塌的程度大。     

中国及邻区印支运动特征及其意义

通过概要论述印支运动在中国及邻区的表现特征,探讨了印支运动的主要成矿作用,指出印支运动首次使长期以来游离于全球主要大陆外的扬子、中朝、塔里木等小陆块拼合在一起,为新生代大型聚煤盆地的形成奠定了基础,也为燕山期和喜马拉雅山期二次大规模的对流地幔输入大陆事件奠定了重要基础,使之成为中国及邻区大陆上最重要的成矿时期。     

过去2000年气候变化对中国经济与社会发展影响研究综述

It is one of the important focuses of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) to investigate the long-term impacts of climate change on regional social and economic development over the past two millenniums. The past decades in China have witnessed great progresses in the study of past climatic influence on human society. In this paper, reviews have been made on the latest proceedings related with researches about the past 2000-year climatic impacts on Chinese history in terms of the following three aspects: economic fluctuations, social stability, and the rise and fall of dynasties in China. It is concluded that climate change and socio-economic fluctuation in historical China really temporarily demonstrated a good coincidence, which indicates a potential driving-response mechanism was likely embedded in the complicated relationship between climate change and human society. A warm climate provided relatively stable conditions of agricultural production and thus generally played a positive role in the healthy development of the economy and society. On the contrary, socio-economic adverseness triggered by a colder climate was preconditioned with social problems such as the intensification of the contradiction between people and land, as well as the gradual accumulation of social rigidity. These social problems accompanying with social development contributed higher vulnerability of society in the face of changing climate, which to some extent might amplify the effects of climatic deterioration. The authors emphasize that the future studies of the relationship between past climate change and human history in China should attach more attention to the following key problems: making deeper exploitation of the potential of Chinese historical documents, exploring the mechanism of climate-society interaction, and studying the differences of climatic effects on socio-economic development at the regional scale. This study from a historical perspective might enhance the understanding of human-environment relationship under a situation of global warming, and also provide the scientific basis for the sustainable social development in China.     

Probabilistic Inverse Analysis of Excavation-Induced Wall and Ground Responses for Assessing Damage Potential of Adjacent Buildings

This paper presents an approach for the probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations based on the maximum likelihood formulation. Here, the soil parameters are updated using the observations of the maximum ground settlement and/or the maximum wall deflection measured in a staged excavation. The updated soil parameters are then used to refine the predicted wall and ground responses in the subsequent excavation stages, as well as to assess the building damage potential at the final excavation stage. Case study shows that the proposed approach is effective in improving the predictions of the excavation-induced wall and ground responses. More-accurate predictions of the wall and ground responses, in turn, lead to a more accurate assessment of the damage potential of buildings adjacent to the excavation. The proposed approach offers an effective means for a probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations.     

广东从化石岭碱性杂岩的岩石学特征及其地质意义

对广东从化石岭碱性杂岩体进行了１：１万地质调查和填图,并进行了详细的岩石力学研究。其结果表明：杂岩体由霞石角闪石正长岩、角闪石正长岩、墨云母正长岩等岩性组成,为Ａ－型花岗岩的分异结晶作用所形成,产于板内引张构造环境,与深大断裂有关。岩体本身已构成霞石正长岩矿床,具有较高的工业利用和经济价值。