The Open of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean: Inferred from the Early Paleozoic Ophiolite in the Qiangtang Area,Northern Tibetan Plateau

The Paleo‐Tethys Ocean was a Paleozoic ocean located between the Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents. It was usually consider to opening in the early Paleozoic with the rifting of the Hun superterrane from Gondwana following the subduction of the Rheic Ocean/proto‐Tethys Ocean. However, the opening time and detailed evolutionary history of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean are still unclear. The Paleozoic ophiolites have recently been documented in the middle of the Qiangtang terrane, northern Tibetan Plateau, and they mainly occur in the Gangma Co area. These ophiolites are composed of serpentinite, pyroxenite, isotropic and cumulate gabbros, basalt, hornblendite and plagiogranite. Whole‐rock geochemical data suggest that all mafic rocks were formed in an oceanic‐ridge setting. Furthermore, positive whole‐rock εNd(t) and zircon εHf(t) values suggest that these rocks were derived from a long‐term depleted mantle source. The data allow us to conform that these rocks represent an ophiolite suite. Zircon U‐Pb dating of gabbros and plagiogranites yielded weighted mean ages of 437‐501 Ma. The occurrence of the ophiolite suite suggests that a Paleozoic Ocean basin (Paleo‐Tethys) existed in middle of the Qiangtang terrane. We hypothesize that the ophiolite in the middle of the Qiangtang terrane represents the western extension of the Sanjiang Paleo‐Tethys ophiolite in the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and they mark the main Paleo‐Tethys Ocean. This is the oldest ophiolite from the Paleo‐Tethyan suture zones and the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean basin probably opened in the Middle Cambrian, and continued to grow throughout the Paleozoic. The ocean was finally closed in the Middle to Late Triassic as inferred from the metamorphic ages of eclogite and blueschist that occur nearby. The Paleo‐Tethys Ocean was probably formed by the breakup of the northern margin of Gondwana, with southward subduction of the proto‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere along the northern margin of the supercontinent.     

碳酸盐岩溶洞型储集体地质建模的几个关键问题

与常规储层不同,碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层是一种由古岩溶作用形成的特殊储层,其发育特征复杂,非均质性极强,碎 屑岩储层建模中较为成熟的方法并不适用于该类储层。本文在分析现有研究成果的基础上,以塔河油田为例,讨论了溶洞 型储集体建模中的几个关键问题：以溶洞型储集体成因特征为前提实现地质约束,考虑建模软硬数据的相对性,进行多类 多尺度数据整合以及较完善的溶洞型储集体形态模拟方法;对溶洞型储集体建模研究中亟待发展的问题进行了展望,指出 表征溶洞型储集体复杂形态、配置关系及内部充填特征是下一步的研究方向;认为多点地质统计学方法在表征溶洞型储集 体复杂形态方面是可行的,根据溶洞型储集体充填程度及充填物类型进行属性表征有利于建立更准确的地质模型。     

山西省晋城市空间结构演化与重构

基于对山西省晋城市城市空间演化的分析,采用空间相互作用中的潜能公式方法,研究城市规模的边际效益,对晋城市城市空间结构演化阶段进行判定,得出以下结论：① 晋城市空间增长方式以内聚为主的蔓延式增长,经济增长趋缓,土地利用效率不高,中心区发展动力不足,经济效率下降;② 晋城市空间演化处于一个较为稳定时期,短时期内不会出现阶段性演化,未来一段时间内继续保持其团块状形态;③ 晋城市空间结构重构应采取“精明增长”模式;④ 针对晋城市提出城市精明增长的途径有划定城市增长区、填充式开发与在开发和协调城市组团分工。     

四川雅安芦山地震灾区次生地质灾害评估及对策建议

2013年4月20日08点02分,四川雅安芦山县发生了7.0级强震。此次地震发生的区域地形条件复杂,地震烈度大,使得震区地质条件进一步恶化,在强降雨等叠加等条件下,次生地质灾害风险显著加剧。本文收集了震区地形、地质、构造断层分布、地震烈度分布、历史灾害、降雨以及卫星影像等资料,对震区的次生地质灾害的危险性从以下3个方面进行了评估:① 地震力触发下震区次生地质灾害空间分布;② 不同降雨触发下震区次生地质灾害空间分布及趋势分析;③ 地震与降雨共同作用下震区次生地质灾害空间分布。在此基础上圈定了震区次生地质灾害高危和需要重点监测防范区域,为灾害救援与重建过程中次生地质灾害的防范提出了对策建议。     

The effect of Stokes drift on Ekman transport in the open sea

By introducing the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing into ageostrophic motion equation,the Eulerian transport is modified by the wave-induced Stokes drift.The long-term mean contributions of the Stokes transport with remotely generated swells being included to the ageostrophic transport are analyzed using the ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis data.The ratio of Stokes transport to Ekman transport in north-south(N-S) direction can reach a maximum of over 50% in the subtropical region.The preliminary influence of the Stokes transport on the North Pacific gyre is all year persistent,while the effect on the North Atlantic gyre is only obvious in boreal winter and early spring.     

北京市防震减灾中心结构地震反应观测及振动特性识别

以北京市防震减灾中心结构为例,进行了结构的地震反应观测及振动特性识别研究。基于半功率带宽法对结构脉动测试数据进行了分析,计算出了结构自振周期和振型以及相应的阻尼比。各振型都具有较大幅值的楼层分别位于3、6和8层,据此设计并建成了结构地震反应观测台阵。分析台阵地震记录识别出了结构的自振特性,同时功率谱曲线显示,井下数据存在高频特性,初步判定其来自钢套管振动。开展结构的数值模拟分析,利用观测楼层上地震记录的卓越频率不断修正结构数值模型,直至结构反应与地震记录的频率值相符,且与脉动测试数据基本一致,相对位移对比分析发现,在该模型基础上相对位移反应与相对位移记录基本吻合。结构地震反应观测和数值模拟分析较好地实现了结构地震反应观测台阵的观测目的。     

基于北斗的建筑物监测精度分析

随着北斗系统的发展,北斗高精度定位技术应用于变形监测以及大型建筑物、构筑物的动态自动化监测方面展现出了巨大的优势.本文基于北斗和GPS双频载波相位数据处理的组合定位方法,并采用实验数据分析了北斗和GPS卫星可见数、DOP值和数据质量,通过解算建筑物变形监测实测数据对比分析了北斗、GPS及其组合系统定位结果的精度.结果表...     

中国生产性服务业产业关联效应分析

以中国1997 年、2002 年投入产出数据为基础, 运用投入产出法, 对中国生产性服务业 的产业关联效应进行分析。研究结果表明: 中国生产性服务业发展速度明显加快, 在国民经济中的地位逐步上升; 生产性服务业主要为第二产业服务, 对第三产业的支撑、引领作用不足; 第二产业(尤其是制造业) 对生产性服务业的中间需求比重趋于下降, 而投入到第三产业的中间服务不断上升; 制造业对生产性服务业的中间需求集中在批发和零售贸易业、交通运 输及仓储业这两个传统服务业, 制造业生产过程对中间投入服务的消耗层次偏低; 生产性服务业普遍具有“低附加值、高带动能力” 的产业特性, 对国民经济的推动作用普遍大于各行业受其他部门的需求拉动作用, 但与国民经济其他部门的后向关联效应较弱, 对国民经济的乘数推动作用不强; 商务服务业具有很强的前后向关联效应, 发展潜力巨大。     

Basic characteristics, spatial disparity and its major influencing factors of service industry in China

Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions (the eastern China, the western China and the middle China) and inter-provincial disparities of that in the three regions by Theil coefficient and cluster analysis. Then, major factors influencing its spatial disparity were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions could be drawn as follows. 1) The development of Chinese service industry experienced three phases since the 1980s: rapid growth period, slow growth period, and recovery period. From the proportion of value-added and employment, its development was obviously on the low level. From the composition of industrial structure, traditional service sectors were dominant, but modern service sectors were lagged. Moreover, its spatial disparity was distinct. 2) The level of Chinese service industry was divided into five basic regional ranks: well-developed, developed, relatively-developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped regions. As a whole, the overall structure of spatial disparity was steady in 1990–2005. But there was notable gradient disparity in the interior structure of service industry among different provinces. Furthermore, the overall disparity expanded rapidly in 1990–2005. The inter-provincial disparity of service industry in the three regions, especially in the eastern China, was bigger than the disparity among the three regions. And 3) the level of economic development, the level of urban development, the scale of market capacity, the level of transportation and telecommunication, and the abundance of human resources were major factors influencing the development of Chinese service industry.