天然气水合物钻井中的地质灾害分析

As a clean and rich energy source,natural gas hydrate has become a focus of study in the world.In this paper,the geologic condition of hydrate reservoir is analyzed. Combining with the natural gas hydrate drilling characteristics and drilling accidents,prevention and response methods are discussed.It is proposed that to restrain and control natural gas hydrate decomposition is the key to safety drilling,in which a reasonable choice of drilling fluid system is important.Some performance parameters should be taken into account in the selection of drilling fluid.The basic parameters requirements of natural gas hydrate drilling are also analyzed.     

Mapping wind by the first-order Bragg scattering of broad-beam high-frequency radar

Mapping wind with high-frequency(HF) radar is still a challenge. The existing second-order spectrum based wind speed extraction method has the problems of short detection distances and low angular resolution for broad-beam HF radar. To solve these problems, we turn to the first-order Bragg spectrum power and propose a space recursion method to map surface wind. One month of radar and buoy data are processed to build a wind spreading function model and a first-order spectrum power model describing the relationship between the maximum of first-order spectrum power and wind speed in different sea states. Based on the theoretical propagation attenuation model, the propagation attenuation is calculated approximately by the wind speed in the previous range cell to compensate for the first-order spectrum in the current range-azimuth cell. By using the compensated first-order spectrum, the final wind speed is extracted in each cell. The first-order spectrum and wind spreading function models are tested using one month of buoy data, which illustrates the applicability of the two models. The final wind vector map demonstrates the potential of the method.     

济南山水泉特点及开发利用价值

济南山清水秀,风光旖旎,地质遗迹典型,泉水星罗棋布,堪称大自然恩赐的举世罕见的"天然岩溶泉水博物院"。济南山水泉具有科普科研、人文传承、生态保护、地质旅游价值,是济南人民的精神家园。     

浙江江郎山丹霞地貌发育的年代与成因

article revealed the uplift age of red-bed basin to be 77.89±2.6 MaBP (K2) I.e. Late Cretaceous, and it is the first chronological datum of Danxia landform research in China.     

基于空间子集的地震数据分析方法(英文)

野外空间采样密度的提高将增加室内数据分析的工作量,常规的基于地震数据的点与线分析方法有一定的局限性。本文简要说明空间子集的抽取方法,列举了正交子集和斜交子集的特点,并通过三维可视化展示了子集数据的空间特性。提出在数据处理中利用子集的时间切片：（1）分析地震道空间分布的均匀性和规则性;（2）研究面波及规则干扰的空间分布特点;（3）检测叠前数据中的异常信息;（4）监控叠前去噪的效果。实际数据的应用结果表明基于空间子集的分析方法是一种独特有效的地震数据分析方法,从另一种视角观察地震数据,可以发现其中某些新的特征,以提高处理人员对数据的洞察能力。     

Spin state of ferric iron in MgSiO3 perovskite and its effect on elastic properties

Recent studies have indicated that a significant amount of iron in MgSiO₃ perovskite (Pv) is Fe³⁺ (Fe³⁺/ΣFe = 10–60%) due to crystal chemistry effects at high pressure (P) and that Fe³⁺ is more likely than Fe²⁺ to undergo a high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) transition in Pv in the mantle. We have measured synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy (SMS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of Pv with all iron in Fe³⁺ in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell to over 100 GPa. Fe³⁺ increases the anisotropy of the Pv unit cell, whereas Fe²⁺ decreases it. In Pv synthesized above 50 GPa, Fe³⁺ enters into both the dodecahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites approximately equally, suggesting charge coupled substitution. Combining SMS and XES, we found that the LS population in the B site gradually increases with pressure up to 50–60 GPa where all Fe³⁺ in the B site becomes LS, while Fe³⁺ in the A site remains HS to at least 136 GPa. Fe³⁺ makes Pv more compressible than Mg-endmember below 50 GPa because of the gradual spin transition in the B site together with lattice compression. The completion of the spin transition at 50–60 GPa increases bulk modulus with no associated change in density. This elasticity change can be a useful seismic probe for investigating compositional heterogeneities associated with Fe³⁺.     

象山港中、西部秋季浮游植物粒径分级、叶绿素a和初级生产力

１９９４年１０月结合水色遥感光谱实验,对象山港中、西部浮游植物细胞丰度、优势种类、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力的分布做了现场观测。表层水中共鉴定出浮游植物２４种,隶属３门１７属,细胞丰度为１．０５×１０４±１．１４×１０４个／ｄｍ３;叶绿素ａ浓度为１．０７±０．５９μｇ／ｄｍ３,潜在初级生产力为３．８６±３．６０ｍｇＣ／（ｍ３·ｈ）。港区西部的浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素ａ浓度和初级生产力均高于港区中部;表层叶绿素ａ浓度高于中层和底层。浮游植物细胞粒径分级结果表明,微型和微微型浮游植物细胞（＜２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占８６％,对初级生产力的贡献占８９％;小型浮游植物细胞（＞２０μｍ）对总叶绿素ａ的贡献占１４％,对初级生产力的贡献占１１％。     

京津冀都市圈生产性服务业空间集聚特征

促进京津冀都市圈生产性服务业集聚的协调发展成为推动制造业进步、加速产业结构升级和提高区域综合竞争力的重要途径。主要以2003-2008 年就业人数为基础数据,运用全局主成分分析、区位商、空间基尼系数、克鲁格曼专业化指数等多种方法和指标,测度了京津冀都市圈生产性服务业集聚的整体状况、行业特征及各市专门化率。分析结果表明:空间上整体呈现出一种典型非均衡的单中心、大梯度等级化集聚发展态势;商务服务、信息服务和科技服务等知识、技术和资本密集型行业在全国的专业化优势也最明显;各城市生产性服务业内部行业的结构差异都较大,专业化分工也较明显;北京的高端行业具有绝对的竞争优势和行业优势,其他9 市也各有一定的比较优势。     

中国三大城市群服务业规模结构及演化特征

选择京津冀都市区、长三角城市群及珠三角城市群地区地级及以上城市2000-2010 年服务业增加值数据, 运用位序-规模法则和分形理论, 分析并阐释了区域内服务业规模结构的演化特征。结果表明:①以服务业增加值数据构建的京津冀都市区服务业规模分布符合位序-规模法则, 判定系数显示拟合效果较好;②根据分维值比较发现, 长三角城市群服务业规模结构接近理想状态并且比较稳定, 首位城市上海在区域服务业发展中发挥良好的辐射作用。珠三角城市群、京津冀都市区服务业规模结构体系并不均衡, 由于高位序城市服务业的规模效应和惯性优势, 目前的结构现状短期内难以改观;③北京和上海分别作为服务业的区域中心性城市的理论地位与实际较为接近, 并且北京显示出明显的集聚作用, 而广州的区域服务业中心性地位面临弱化的威胁。     

Flood scaling under nonstationarity in Daqinghe River basin,China

Natural Hazards - Flood scaling issue is usually studied under stationary conditions. However, in recent decades, climate change and anthropogenic activities have changed hydrological processes,...