Contribution of Asian dust to soils in Southeast China estimated with Nd and Pb isotopic compositions

Acta Geochimica - Asian dust has been identified in subtropical soils of China. Neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) elemental and isotopic geochemistry of soils in Southeast China were used to assess the...     

1987—2022年新安江水库（千岛湖）水面面积时空变化及其与水位、蓄水量的响应关系

水面面积、水位、蓄水量是水库水资源管理的重要基础数据,遥感是湖库水体提取、水位和蓄水量估算的重要技术手段。由于不同水体提取方法的适用性差异、测高卫星数据的有限时间覆盖度和开源数据集的时空分辨率不足等原因,湖库水面面积、水位、蓄水量的长时序、高频率时空变化监测仍存在一定挑战。本研究以新安江水库为研究区,结合多源遥感、气象、水文和土地利用等数据,基于Google Earth Engine云平台,运用水体指数法,分析1987—2022年新安江水库水面面积时空变化特征,构建水位—水面面积、水位—蓄水量和水面面积—蓄水量响应关系,探究水面面积时空变化成因。结果表明:(1)Landsat 5、Landsat 8和哨兵2号数据的最佳水体提取指数分别为AWEI_sh和GNDWI,F1-score分别为91.93%、91.03%和93.14%。相比于开放数据集GSWED(32.61%)、JRC GSW(76.17%)和ReaLSAT(69.76%),基于最优水体指数的水体提取结果具有最高的F1-score(91.26%);(2)时间上,1987—2022年新安江水库水面面积呈显著上升...     

The Complete Sequence of Mitochondrial COII Gene of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Its Applicability as a Marker for Phylogenetic Analysis

The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene of Penaeinae shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinen- sis was cloned and sequenced. The gene is 688 bp in length and codes for 229 amino acids. It shows 83.2%, 87.0% and 83.8% sequence similarity to Marsupenaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Farfantepenaeus notialis, respectively. The A T content of the whole gene and that at the third position of codons are 64.7% and 78.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between F. chinensis and three other species representing genera Farfanatepenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus was analyzed. Results showed that the genetic distances among the four taxa ranged from 0.144 0 to 0.200 5, exceeding those estimated with COI and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences among Marsupenaeus, Litopenaeus and Melicertus, and being therefore larger than the value among subgenera. It has been suggested that the COII gene has a faster evolutionary rate than that of the COI gene and partial 16S rRNA gene and could be used for phylogenetic analysis at genus or species level. The results of the present study indicated that Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus are at a higher phylogenetic level than subgenus, which supports the opinion of the elevation of phylogenetic status of the four subgenera to genus level.     

基于HTML5的三维城市建筑物阴影快速可视化系统

城市建筑物阴影是三维虚拟地理环境表达的重要组成要素,传统的城市建筑物阴影大多依赖第三方商业软件进行模拟,需要大量人工参与过程。本文针对建筑物阴影三维可视化技术复杂、三维建筑物模型生产更新过程慢等问题,研究一种轻量级、能适应大规模城市建筑物三维阴影快速可视化方法。通过对传统常见的二维建筑物平面数据处理,结合三维WebGIS和OSMBuildings技术,实现一套高效的城市建筑物阴影快速可视化原型系统,为当前建筑物阴影模拟及三维展示提供新思路。     

实测数据揭示海底地震仪上浮速率与出水点规律

使用海底地震仪(OBS)对极地浮冰区进行探测时,存在上浮的OBS被浮冰遮挡而难以发现和回收等困难,为提高两极浮冰区海底地震探测效率,亟需对OBS上浮出水时间和位置进行较为准确地预测.本研究以2019年南海OBS观测、2020年西太平洋OBS探测以及2011年南海东部次海盆三维OBS探测现场作业的实测距离和位置信息等数据...     

Numerical modelling experiments in vapour geochemistry. II: Vapour dispersion patterns and exploration implications

This study examines the development of vapour anomalies in one-layer and two-layer media overlying vapour sources having different shapes and different time-dependent stabilities. Theoretical concentration patterns are computed using two-dimensional finite-difference numerical solutions of the diffusion equation. Calculated diffusion patterns are compared with in vitro experimental data, and their general features are shown to be comparable. Results are discussed in terms of possible applications to vapour geochemistry in mineral exploration, with particular reference to the detection at the surface of buried mineral deposits.     

内蒙赤峰鱼眼石矿物学特征及其水的赋存状态研究

采用显微镜和XRD,EMPA,FTIR,RAMAN,TGA等现代测试方法对内蒙赤峰鱼眼石的晶体形态、矿物组合、化学成分、谱学特征、热力学性质等进行了测试分析,初步探讨了鱼眼石晶体形态的成因以及水的赋存状态。赤峰鱼眼石晶体呈粒状—假立方状,由四方柱{100}、四方双锥{111}和平行双面{001}聚合而成,无色-浅粉红色,玻璃光泽,透明到半透明,与钙铁辉石、雪硅钙石和毒砂等矿物共生。赤峰鱼眼石的主要化学成分为w(SiO_2)50.22%~52.73%,w(CaO)24.16%~25.28%,w(K_2O)3.57%~5.80%和w(F)2.62%~3.48%,含有少量的Na_2O,Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3,平均成分的晶体化学式为:(K_0.964Na_0.109)_1.073Ca_4.036[(Si_7.727Al_0.091Cr_0.073)_7.891O₂₀](F_0.828OH_0.172)_1.000·7.775H_2O。硅的含量不足导致硅氧四面体层活性氧与层间阳离子的键强增大,促使鱼眼石晶体沿c轴方向的生长,形成粒状—假立方状晶体形态。红外光谱中3 556 cm^-1和1 691 cm^-1吸收峰以及96.7℃,255.9℃,418.9℃,437.7℃的主要失水温度均表明赤峰鱼眼石中的水属于结晶水,而600℃以后仍有少量的失重,以及红外光谱中3 418 cm^-1和3 242 cm^-1吸收峰的出现,又反映出赤峰鱼眼石中部分水具有结构水的特点。     

化子坪长6储层长岩心CO2驱替实验及数值模拟评价

二氧化碳驱提高石油采收率(CO2-EOR)在我国大部分低渗透、低孔隙度油藏中的应用越来越重要。鉴于国家净零排放目标, 在采用二氧化碳驱提高采收率时, 二氧化碳封存是另一个重要考虑因素。针对低渗油藏, 开展天然岩心长岩心CO2驱替试验, 并利用TOGA(TOUGH Oil, Gas, Aqueous)软件建立岩心尺度数值模型开展模型的识别与验证, 对模型的有效性及物性参数进行敏感性分析, 结果表明, 1)根据出口气油比可将二氧化碳驱油与封存划分为未见气(0~100)、极少量气(100~1 000)、气体突破(1 000~10 000)、大量气窜(＞10 000)四个不同阶段; 2)孔隙度、渗透率及非均质性对模拟结果影响较大, 在后续实际场地模型中应予以重点关注。研究结果可为实际场地规模模型提供参数依据。     

无锡市气温变化特征和城市化的影响分析

利用无锡市1959~2003年的逐日平均气温和逐日最高、最低气温资料,采用线性拟合和谐波分析等方法分析了无锡气温和气温变化的基本特征。针对气温异常的冬季和夏季,给出了典型距平场。经过分析认为,形势场异常在一定程度上决定了气温演变。在分析气温变化原因时,着重比较了城市化和观测环境恶化对气温的影响。