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81.
Hideo Miyake Seiji Sasaki Hidekazu Yamaguchi Kiyoshi Masuda Gen Anma Yoshihiko Kamei 《Journal of Oceanography》1995,51(1):99-109
Thermohaline staircases off Cape Erimo, Hokkaido are described and their physical properties are compared with those in other seas. The mean fluxes for heat and salt across the interface induced by salt finger were estimated as 105 cal cm–2d–1, and 0.03 g cm–2d–1, respectively. These values were in the same order as those in Caribbean Sea. The effective eddy diffusivities were also in the same order as the Caribbean ones. This suggests that the double-diffusive convection plays on important role on the water mass conversions occurring in the interfrontal zone between the Oyashio and the Kuroshio Waters. 相似文献
82.
Experiments on salimity tolerance of embryos and larvae of the southern bay scallopArgopecten irradians concentricus Say under controlled temperature of 28°C showed that although the eggs were fertilized and cleaved at salinity 18.1–37.4,
they could further develop into normal D-shaped larvae only at salinity 23.4–36.1, while the trochophore larvae could develop
into normal D—shaped larvae at salinity 22.1–39.9. For 72 hours, the larvae could tolerate salinity of 18.4–43.9, the salinity
favoring growth was 19.8–42.4; the suitable range was 21–36, and the optimum at about 28. They metamorphosed at salinity 18.9–43.5,
optimally at 24–32.
Contribution No. 3301 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The research was supported by the National Climbing Project B(PDB6-3-2). 相似文献
83.
Akira Miyake 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,130(2):121-133
The phenomenon of normal grain growth in pure single phase systems is modeled with the Monte Carlo technique and a series
of simulations are performed in 2- and 3-dimensions. The results are compared with natural and experimental monomineralic
rock samples. In these simulations various lattice models with different anisotropic features in grain boundary energy are
examined in order to check the universality of the simulation results. The obtained microstructure varies with the artificial
parameter T
′ in each lattice model, where T
′ means scaled temperature and controls thermal fluctuation on grain boundary motion. As T
′ (thermal fluctuation) increases, the boundary energy anisotropy characterizing each lattice model becomes less important
for the evolution of the microstructure. As a result the difference in the grain size distribution among the lattice models,
which is significantly large for low T
′, is reduced with increasing T
′. The distribution independent of both the lattice model and the dimension is obtained at sufficiently high T
′ and is very close to the normal distribution when carrying out the weighting procedure with a weight of the square of each
grain radius. A comparison of the planar grain size distribution of the natural and experimental rock samples with the 3-D
simulation results reveals that the simulations reproduce very well the distributions observed in the real rock samples. Although
various factors such as the presence of secondary minerals and a fluid phase, which are not included in the simulation modeling,
are generally considered to influence the real grain growth behavior, the good agreement of the distribution indicates that
the overall grain growth behavior in real rocks may still be described by the simplified model used in the present simulations.
Thus the grain size distribution obtained from the present simulations is possessed of the universal form characterizing real
normal grain growth of which the driving force is essentially grain boundary energy reduction through grain boundary migration.
Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 August 1997 相似文献
84.
The Nedagolla meteorite was recognized by Axon to be a rare example of an iron which has been preterrestrially reheated to the point of melting. The dendrite secondary arms are spaced 200 μm apart, implying that Nedagolla solidified and cooled at ~0·02°C/sec. The presence of (Fe, Cr)1-xS inclusions precipitated during cooling in the interdendritic regions and evidence of solute redistribution of Ni, Cr, Co, Si and P are consistent with this cooling rate. Such a rate indicates that Nedagolla cooled very near the surface of its parent ‘body’. Secondary microstructural features including the presence of isothermal taenite and minute phosphide precipitates, which have formed from the dissolution of primary phosphide material, indicate a later reheating to about 750°C for a period of several hours. 相似文献
85.
Daisuke Takahashi Hideo Miyake Takeyasu Nakayama Naoto Kobayashi Kazuo Kido Yoshinori Nishida 《Continental Shelf Research》2010
Flow fluctuations inside an anticyclonic eddy in summertime Funka Bay were examined using three moorings and hydrographic data. The flow pattern above a sharp pycnocline with a concave isopycnal structure during the mooring period was characterized by high mean kinetic energy and relatively low eddy kinetic energy. The ratios of eddy to mean kinetic energy were equal to or less than one, and the mean flow field and isopycnal structure indicated the existence of a stable anticyclonic eddy above the sharp pycnocline under approximate geostrophic balance. Larger flow fluctuations with periods longer than 7 days were dominant inside the eddy. The low-frequency flow fluctuations are accompanied by north to northeastward movement of the eddy with deepening of the pycnocline and spin-up of the anticyclonic circulation. The wind field over Funka Bay is characterized by bay-scale wind fluctuations. The bay-scale winds are greatly influenced by the land topography around Funka Bay, resulting in non-uniform structure with significant wind stress curl. The bay-scale wind fluctuations are termed “locally modified wind” in the present study. The locally modified wind has a negative (positive) wind stress curl in the central–northeastern (southwestern) region of Funka Bay. The north to northeastward movement of the eddy is caused by horizontal non-uniform supply of vorticity from the locally modified wind forcing by the Ekman pumping process. Through this process, the anticyclonic circulation is enhanced (weakened) in the central–northeastern (southwestern) part of the eddy, resulting in the eddy moving north to northeastward with the pycnocline deepening and spin-up of the anticyclonic circulation. The locally modified wind forcing induces low-frequency flow fluctuations through the movement of the eddy in summertime Funka Bay. 相似文献