THE DISTRIBUTION OF PREFERENTIAL PATHS AND ITS RELATION TO THE SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE THREE GORGES AREA, CHINA

To study the characteristics of the distribution of the preferential paths and the affecting factors in the Three Gorges area, four soil profiles were dug to observe the distribution of preferential paths in the Quxi watershed in the Yangtze River basin. The Morisita exponential test method was used to examine the distribution type of preferential paths. The physical properties and infiltration characteristics of the soil were also measured to evaluate their relationship to preferential paths. The results showed that in this area, preferential paths clustered and mainly distributed in the 80-100 cm soil layer, and along the interface between the weathered layer and semi-weathered layer. There were more non-capillary pores in the 83-110 cm layer than in the other layers. It can be derived that most non-capillary pores in this layer were preferential paths caused by geological processes and rotten plant roots. The percentage of coarse soil particles increased with the depth of the soil layer. In the deeper soil layer, the coarse soil particles helped the formation of preferential paths. The fastest steady infiltration rate was observed in the of 83-110cm layer, which is inferred to be due to the greater number of preferential paths.     

兰州—民和盆地河口群沉积相和岩石磁化率——祁连山白垩纪隆升的记录

研究白垩纪祁连山构造隆升过程对认识青藏高原形成及其环境效应具有重要意义,兰州—民和盆地连续出露的河口群沉积物较好地记录了早白垩世祁连山隆升过程。河口群从下向上由冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、滨湖、滨浅湖、半深湖、三角洲7个沉积相体系组成;综合分析沉积相时空演化、砾石成分及古水流方向统计和岩石磁化率测量,揭示出早白垩世祁连山经历了3期隆升过程:早期(约143～123Ma)快速强烈隆升阶段,此时祁连山东段开始逐渐断陷下沉,盆地沉积了冲积扇至滨浅湖相沉积体系的砾岩、砂岩和泥岩,岩石磁化率值总体偏低,隆升速度较快;中期(约123～113Ma)稳定隆升阶段,湖盆面积达到最大,沉积物以半深湖相泥岩为主,磁化率值总体偏高,隆升速度较慢;晚期快速隆升阶段,约从113Ma开始,祁连山隆升速度加快,湖盆萎缩,沉积了以三角洲相为主的泥岩和砂岩,磁化率值总体偏低,直至109Ma以后,盆地回返,祁连山地区整体抬升遭受剥蚀。     

冷空气对高原低涡移出青藏高原的影响

在对1998—2004年冷空气影响高原低涡移出青藏高原 (以下简称高原) 观测事实分析的基础上, 利用NCEP再分析资料对2002年8月12—14日托勒低涡移出高原的位涡进行诊断分析, 并通过数值试验揭示了托勒低涡移出高原的冷空气侵入特征和影响机理。结果表明:这次托勒低涡是受我国东北冷空气影响, 有高位涡空气伸入低涡区, 使冷空气迫近暖湿空气, 低涡处在斜压不稳定增强情况下移出高原的。在低涡区域没有冷空气或我国东北不存在冷温度槽情况下, 将会使伸向高原东北部的冷空气主力偏东、减弱, 使低涡受到我国东北冷空气影响减弱, 斜压不稳定减弱, 从而使高原低涡移出高原的速度减慢, 低涡强度减弱, 尤其是我国东北冷温度槽的影响更为明显, 在我国东北没有冷温度槽存在的情况下, 低涡24 h内西退, 在高原边缘徘徊。     

北京地区一次重污染天气气溶胶分布与传输特征研究

针对北京地区2004年10月26～31日的一次典型重污染天气个例,分析了此次污染过程产生的天气背景和污染物对近地层接收太阳总辐射的削减作用,同时应用MODIS卫星遥感气溶胶产品和地面风场的分布分析了大气污染物的分布和输送特征。结果表明,此次污染过程与大尺度的天气背景有密切关系,地面气压减小和偏南气流导致了此次污染过程;通过比较中国科学院大气物理研究所325m铁塔观测到的2m和280m高度处太阳总辐射可知,在空气质量较好天气,地面以上2～280m大气能够减少太阳总辐射的15%;而在重污染天气时,地面以上2～280m大气能够使太阳总辐射减少20%以上,低层大气显著地影响城市区域下垫面和大气之间的辐射交换;分析MODIS气溶胶分布和地面风场可知,此次污染过程可能是局地污染物积累和外界污染输送造成的。     

河北张家口金矿南冷沟矿段构造控矿特征分析

南冷放段金矿体赋存于张家口金矿主脉带中,但成因与张家口金矿矿体明显不同,金矿全的形成和分布这ＳＮ向断裂及其ＮＷ向羽状分支构造控制。根据矿石自然类型要带,可划人灵原生含金硫化物石英脉型、原生含硫化物钾长石石英脉型和氧化矿体３个带,分别为近ＳＮ向断裂及其ＮＷ向状分支构造所围限,在Ｆ４断层东盘依次出现,氧化程度逐渐增高。     

SMS-WARMS V2.0模式预报效果检验

对新一代上海区域中尺度模式(SMS—WARMS V2.0)系统预报结果进行了统计检验,检验量包括降水、2 m温度场、10 m风速、500 hPa位势高度场和850 hPa温度场、风场和相对湿度。结果表明:新一代模式的预报性能得到明显改善,模式各量级降水的TS和ETS评分都有提高,说明模式对降水事件发生的捕捉能力进一步增强了。分析2 m温度场的均方根误差及预报准确率发现新版业务模式的2 n、温度场预报优于原业务模式。此外新业务模式的10 m风速预报的均方根误差的逐月和多月平均值都低于原业务模式。高空形势场检验结果显示,新业务模式埘500 hPa位势高度场和850 hPa温度场的预报都优于原业务模式,850 hPa风场预报相关系数高于原业务模式,850 hPa相对湿度提高不明显。个例分析表明,新版业务模式强降水预报产品相对于原业务模式产品埘大气预报更具参考价值。     

德兴铜矿堆浸场重要共伴生元素地球化学特征及意义

德兴铜矿是我国乃至世界著名的低品位多金属岩型铜矿之一,多年来,该矿在低品位矿石堆浸过程中主要对Cu元素进行回收,但对Re、Co、Au、Ag等伴生元素的尚未进行回收。本文通过对德兴铜矿杨桃坞与祝家村堆浸场低品位矿石进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜与电镜能谱、电子探针以及ICP-MS分析测试等试验,研究了低品位矿石矿物组成变化、重要共伴生元素的元素赋存状态与空间分布规律,并对它们进行了综合利用的可行性评价,加强对堆浸过程中共伴生元素的综合利用,同时降低对周围生态环境所产生的不良效应,为矿山持续高效发展提供科学指导。     

粤西信宜地区坑坪细碧-角斑岩系的发现及其地质意义

在两广交界的云开地区信宜坑坪新发现超镁铁质角闪黑云辉橄岩、角闪黑云辉岩、石棉矿、辉长辉绿岩、粒玄岩、细碧岩和石英角斑岩,并伴生有色深层薄和色浅层厚2种硅质岩。细碧岩的SiO2为48.44%～52.32%,K2O+Na2O=3.473%～4.77%,较正常玄武岩偏高,Na2O和CaO互为消长关系。石英角斑岩SiO2为70%左右,CaO和Na2O不稳定。这些岩石的稀土元素配分曲线总体比较平滑,略右倾,微Eu负异常,δEu=0.8～1.03;(La/Yb)n介于1.31～3.16之间;等时线年龄Sm-Nd为667Ma±43Ma,Rb-Sr为663Ma±17Ma。     

Properties of Continental Margin and its Hydrocarbon Exploration Significance in Cambrian in the Southern Ordos Kratogen of North China

It is important to determine the properties of the tectonics in Cambrian period for the sake of prospecting deep hydrocarbon in the near future in the southern Ordos Kratogen of North China. Authors chose the marginal areas of the southern Ordos basin as the object of research, avoided the effects of both the Qinling Orogenic Belts (QOB) and Weihe River Graben (WRG) whose geological structures are too complicated. By surveying typical Cambrian outcrops and profiles in the basin edges and based on the cores of 57 wells which penetrated the Cambrian in the basin, combined with the seismic profiles, the field gammaray measuement results and the carbon isotope analysis, Authors conclude that the southern margin of the Ordos Kratogen during Cambrian was a passive continental margin which resulted from sea-floor spreading of the Ancient Qinling Ocean. Epicontinental sea carbonate sediments formed in the south Ordos continental margin during Cambrian, and were predominant as tidal flat and o litic shoal. Both transgression-regression process and the change in palaeostructure have the obvious cyclicity. Using the junction between the late Nangao age of Qiandong epoch and the early Duyun age of Qiandong epoch as a boundary, each had a full transgression cycle at the upper and lower stages. The early cycle is characterized by high energy clastic littoral facies while the late cycle is characterized by carbonate ramp on which clear water and muddy water developed alternately changing to carbonate platform last. During the early stages, An aulacogen was formed in the middle section of the southern margin. The southern Ordos margin was uplifted and denudated by the Huaiyuan Movement which occurred from the late Furongian age to the middle Flolan age and the history of the passive continental margin ended and entering into a new tectonic cycle. The unconformity surface caused by the Huaiyuan Movement, along with its neighborhood areas where dissolved pores and cavities are developed, may be another important district for good hydrocarbon reservoirs (excluding the unconformity surface on the top of the Ordovician in the Ordos basin).     

一次伴随冰雹的超级单体风暴特征

利用中国气象监测网实测资料、重庆西部多普勒天气雷达资料及NCEP/NCAR 6 h间隔1°×1°再分析资料,对2008年6月5日发生在重庆市中部的大风冰雹天气过程进行了天气背景、物理量、雷达回波和云图特征分析.研究表明:大气中显著的水平风切变和垂直风切变及晴空太阳辐射对地面的不均匀加热都有利于诱生涡度;从北部高层向南侵...