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Two methods for pore network of porous media

Two approaches of generating pore networks of porous media are presented to capture the pore fabric. The first methodology extracted pore structure from a computer simulated packing of spheres. The modified Delaunay tessellation was used to describe the porous media, and modified Nelder–Mead method in conjunction with three pore‐merging algorithms was used to generate the pore size and coordination number distributions of the randomly packed spheres. The Biconical Abscissa Asymmetric CONcentric bond was used to describe the connection between two adjacent voids. This algorithm was validated by predicting pore structure of a cubic array of spheres of equal radius with known pore sizes, throat sizes and coordination number distributions. The predicted distributions of pore structure agreed well with the measured. Then, the algorithm was used to predict pore structure and permeability of randomly packed spherical particles, and predicted permeability values were compared with published experimental data. The results showed that the predicted permeability values were in good agreement with those measured, confirming the proposed algorithm can capture the main flow paths of packed beds. The second methodology generated an equivalent pore network of porous media, of which the centers of voids were located in a regular lattice with constant pore center distance. However, this network allowed for matching both main geometrical and topological characteristics of the porous media. A comparison of the two approaches suggested that the second approach can also be used as a predictive tool to quantitatively study the microscopic properties of flow through porous media. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rocking vibrations of a rigid embedded foundation in a poroelastic half‐space

This paper presents an analysis of the rocking vibrations of a rigid cylindrical foundation embedded in poroelastic soil. The foundation is subjected to time‐harmonic rocking excitation and is perfectly bonded to the surrounding soil. The soil underlying the foundation base is represented by a homogeneous poroelastic half‐space, whereas the soil along the side of the foundation is modeled as an independent poroelastic stratum composed of a series of infinitesimally thin layers. The behavior of the soil is governed by Biot's poroelastodynamic theory. The contact surface between the foundation base and the poroelastic soil is assumed to be smooth and either fully permeable or impermeable. The dynamic interaction problem is solved by employing a simplified analytical method. Some numerical results for the nondimensional rocking dynamic impedance and nondimensional angular displacement amplitude of the foundation are presented to show the effect of nondimensional frequency of excitation, poroelastic material parameters, hydraulic boundary condition, depth ratio and mass ratio of the foundation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土压力滑楔理论的统一解

基于滑楔理论计算土压力的基本原理,运用考虑中间主应力效应的统一强度理论,对传统的土压力公式不能反映土体材料强度的中间主应力效应的公式进行了改进,推导了基于滑楔理论的土压力统一解公式,Coulomb和Rankine土压力公式为其特例.通过变换统一强度参数,可获得一系列的解.在工程运用中可根据土质和工程的实际情况,适当选择统一强度参数和应力状态来确定土压力的大小.     

无力磁场的稳定性

无力场被广泛用来模拟太阳活动区的强磁场,本文从Bernstein能量原理出发,导出了无力场能量原理的普遍形式,并给出了若干稳定性的充分条件,它们可方便而有效地对无力场进行稳定性判断。     

Seawater flux through Taiwan strait

After the winter and summer current structures on two or three latitudinal sections in Taiwan Strait were obtained from the measured current data, the seawater fluxs through the sections were calculated. In summer, the currents in the central and northern part of Taiwan Strait normally flow northward at a net flux of 3.32×10⁶m³/s. In winter, the high temperature and salinity Kuroshio and South China Sea water enter Taiwan Strait from the southem section at 1.69×10⁶m³/s and 0.59×10⁶ m³/s respectively, while the East China Sea water enters Taiwan Strait from the northern section at 1.02×10⁶m³/s. About 0.40×10⁶ m³/s of the seawater enters the South China Sea along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong; the other 0.62×10⁶ m³/s of the seawater is mixed with the Kuroshio water and the South China Sea water in the northern sea areas. The net northward flux is 1.74×10⁶m³/s in winter.     

Population growth in Bejing: trends and countermeasures

Beijing’ population has experienced a dramatic increase eversince the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Population growthin Beijing can be broadly broken down into three major components:natural increase, immigration, and the growth of floating population. Thecontinuous growth of Beijing’s population is closely linked with its centralized multi-function. The comprehensive countermeasures to control Beijing’s population growth are proposed, for example, decentralizing economicfunctions, including developing the suburbs, developing the metropolitan areaand creating counter-magnetic centers, reforming the administrative and economic systems.     

140OΜα前的后生动物实体化石?

本文首次报道了在我国豫西晚前寒武系白草坪组中发现的一种可能的蠕虫状后生动物实体化石:Ruyangia Cylindrica Hu et Meng,1989。化石产于砂岩表面浪成波痕之波谷中,圆筒状,已压扁,中空,可见长度4.5～9.5cm,直径4mm左右,虫体外壁具体环,环背间距1.5～2mm,虫体一端较大,具平行纵向边缘的纵纹,可能为头部;另一端渐尖,可能为尾部。与该实体化石伴生的有大量遗迹化石。已知白草坪组的时代超过1400Ma,因此,该实体化石的发现对研究地球上后生动物起源与早期演化等具重要意义。     

元素的环境化学与地球的温室效应

本文讨论了一些重要元素的环境化学特征和一些重要金属和痕量元素对人类健康的影响。在地球温室效应一节中重点叙述了本世纪初以来CO_2浓度剧烈的增加,使地球的气候变暖,海洋表面的温度也上升了0.6±0.3℃。因此,必须严格限制CO_2排放。还讨论了对流层中的臭氧是一种对植物有害和对人体不利的污染物,然而平流层中的臭氧却是地球表面免受紫外线辐射的重要屏障。因此,应防止CFCl_3和CF_2Cl_2的一组化学剂,以便保护臭氧。     

用向量作图法解等角应变花

本文提出用向量作图法解等角应变花的问题,这是一种比较完整的图解法,只需利用比例尺、三角板和量角器,就可用作图法简捷地得到所求的结果。本文还举了两个数值例题,与数解法作了比较,说明图解法的精确性相当好。