Earthquake-related soft-sediment deformation structures in Palaeogene on the continental shelf of the East China Sea

Earthquake, as disastrous events in geological history, can be recorded as soft-sediment deformation. In the Palaeogene of the East China Sea shelf, the soft-sediment deformation related to earthquake event is recognized as seismic micro-fractures, micro-corrugated laminations, liquefied veins, ‘vibrated liquefied layers’, deformed cross laminations and convolute laminations, load structures, flame structures, brecciation, slump structures and seismodisconformity. There exists a lateral continuum, the wide spatial distribution and the local vertical continuous sequences of seismites including slump, liquefaction and brecciation. In the Palaeogene of East China Sea shelf, where typical soft-sediment deformation structures were developed, clastic deposits of tidal-flat, delta and river facies are the main background deposits of Middle-Upper Eocene Pinghu Formation and Oligocene Huagang Formation. This succession also records diagnostic marks of event deposits and basinal tectonic activities in the form of seismites.     

南极中山站-昆仑站间地壳厚度分布

自第4个国际极地年2007/2008开始至2013年,中国南极内陆冰盖科考队相继在自南极大陆边缘的中山站至东南极地形最高点昆仑站(Dome A)一线进行了低温甚宽频地震观测。本文对7个天然地震台站数据进行了分析,提取了这些台站的S波接收函数,据此反演获得了这些台站下的地壳厚度分布。结果显示:随着纬度的升高,地壳厚度由大陆边缘的中山站下的约38 km逐渐增加至CHNB台下的58 km,随后又于CHNA台站下方减薄至47 km,然后快速增大到南极地形最高点昆仑站(Dome A)下的62 km。昆仑站或Dome A是南极大陆地壳最厚的地方。从中山站至昆仑站之间地壳厚度的变化与冰下地貌变化存在明显的相关性,它们都说明了从中山站至CHNB之间地壳构造相对均匀。在距昆仑站约200 km的CHNA台下的地壳厚度(约47 km)明显比临近台站地壳偏薄,这可能说明了甘伯采夫山脉地壳侧向变化较大,即其形成时所遭受的构造作用较复杂。     

中国中—新元古代地层研究进展及建议划分、对比方案

本文系统梳理了中国地层表(2014)中—新元古界尚存的地层学问题,并以十多年来有关专家及本课题组地层年代学成果为基础,结合地质事件的时空发育和对比关系,重点研究了中元古界底界、中元古界待建系、中—新元古代过渡时期地层关系、成冰系底界的划分及震旦系罗圈冰期的时代归属。在此基础上提出了中—新元古代地层划分和对比方案建议,并进一步讨论和对比了中国华北、扬子和塔里木三大陆块中—新元古代地质特征异同。研究表明：中国中元古界以1800 Ma(或1780 Ma)为底界,比1600 Ma更合理;中元古界待建系虽在华北陆块北缘和南缘、扬子陆块北缘和南缘均发育,但以扬子陆块北缘神农架地区神农架群最佳,建议暂以神农架群为待建系候选层型进行重点研究;华北胶辽徐淮吉豫的原青白口纪地层很可能跨越了1000 Ma界线,有一部分地层属于中元古界;建议与国际接轨,原南华系与成冰系对应(720～635 Ma);青白口系以820 Ma构造面为界两分,下部称青白口系下统(1000～820 Ma),上部称青白口系上统(820～720 Ma),待以后证据更充分时再决定是否分为两个系;华北陆块南缘以罗圈冰川为代表的罗圈组及相应地层...     

论海啸作用与海啸岩

海啸（或称津浪,ｔｓｕｎａｍｉ）是海底地震（海震）、火山爆发等因素引发的巨浪。海啸可能在海底形成特殊的事件沉积－－海啸岩。海啸岩主要由具丘状层理、平行层理、块状层理及交错层理的粗碎屑岩或碎屑灰岩组成,它们与触发海啸的地震、形成的震稷岩、火山岩紧密共生。根据云南滇中地区中元古代昆阳群大龙口组的观测研究,认为大龙口组中存在典型的震积岩（包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩）。与之共生的具丘状层理、平行层理     

国际地震和火山电磁方法组织2016年兰州研讨会——纪念兰州地震研究所开创地电监测预报地震半个多世纪——纪念兰州地震研究所开创地电监测预报地震半个多世纪

为纪念中国地震局原兰州地震研究所开创我国地电学方法地震监测预报工作历经半个多世纪,文章在介绍国际地震和火山电磁方法组织(EMSEV)的同时,介绍了2016年8月25—29日在中国大陆首次召开、由兰州地震研究所(甘肃省地震局)为主举办单位的EMSEV国际研讨会及相关的科学活动以及会后几年来我国地震电磁学的进展。     

Structural geochemistry of gold mineralization in the Linglong-Jiaojia district, Shandong Province, China

The Linglong-Jiaojia district is one of the most important regions containing gold deposits in China. These gold deposits can be divided into: a) the pyrite-gold-quartz vein type (Linglong type), which is controlled by brittle-ductile to ductile deformation structures, and b) the alteration-zone type (Jiaojia type), characterized by small veinlets, or the disseminated type recognized in brittle shear zones. Lode gold deposits in the Jiaojia area occur in NE brittle fracture zones, formed in a dominantly simple shear deformation regime, mainly in thrust attitude with a minor sinistral strike slip component. In the Linglong area, the lode gold deposits are located at the intersection of three types of structures: NNE and NE brittle-ductile fault zones and the ENE ductile reverse shear zone in the south of the area. The structural characteristics of these brittle shear zones are consistent with a tectonic NNW-SSE principal stress field orientation. Similar stresses explain the ENE Qixia fold axes, the Potouqing and several other ENE reverse ductile shear zones elsewhere in the region, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and its subsidiaries in the vicinity of the Linglong-Jiaojia district, as well as the southern ENE suture zone north of Qingdao. Therefore these structural systems occurred as part of different major tectonic events under NNW-SSE compression principal stress fields in the area. Gold deposits are hosted in smaller-scale structures within the brittle fault zones and brittle-ductile shear zones. Although ore bodies and, on a smaller scale, quartz ore veins often seem to be randomly oriented, it is possible to explain their distribution and orientation in terms of the simple shear deformation process under which they were developed. The progressive simple shear failure is characterized by various fracture modes (tension and shear) that intervene in sequence. The tension and shear fractures are influenced by the stress level (depth of burial beneath the paleosurface) in their structural behavior, show variable dilatancy (void openings) and extend on all scales. By making use of these characteristics, a progressive failure analysis can be applied to predicting the shape and extent of ore bodies as well as the styles of mineralization at any given location.     

河南桐柏地区三叠纪早期放射虫动物群及其地质意义

本文描述了采自河南南部桐柏地区蔡家凹大理岩中的放射虫化石,共计7属8种（其中1新属2新种）, 包括 Archaeospongoprunum compactum Nakaseko et Nishimura, Yangia chinensis Feng,Shengia yini (Feng), Cenosphaera sp., Triassocampe ? sp., Pactarentinia sp., Triassomitra zhangi n. gen. etsp.和Triassomitra litangensis n. gen. et sp..该动物群形成于三叠纪早期半深海环境,这是在桐柏-大别地区首次发现海相三叠纪地层,据此推论,二叠纪至三叠纪早期,古秦岭洋贯通秦岭-大别地区,是沟通古特提斯和古太平洋的重要通道,印支运动使秦岭-大别洋盆最终封闭。     

东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与地震沉积有关的软沉积变形构造

悉尼盆地位于澳大利亚东部,Lachlan褶皱带和New England褶皱带之间。悉尼盆地从晚石炭世末到中三叠世经历了弧后扩张到前陆盆地的不同阶段:弧后扩张阶段(石炭纪)、被动热沉降阶段(早、中二叠世Berry组)和挤压挠曲负载阶段(中二叠世Broughton组—三叠纪)。此时位于悉尼盆地东侧的New England褶皱带为岛弧背景。因此,二叠纪处于弧后盆地的南悉尼盆地受弧后扩张和东侧弧前海沟俯冲的影响地震活动强烈,发育一系列与地震有关的震积岩,形成多种类型的与地震活动有关的软沉积物变形构造。南悉尼盆地二叠系的软沉积物变形包括地裂缝、震褶层、液化脉、沙火山、负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造、枕状层、滑塌构造、角砾岩化等。其中地裂缝、震褶层是地震颤动直接引起的断裂和褶皱;枕状层是地震颤动引起的砂层脱水、下沉形成的;液化脉、沙火山为液化的砂层穿入地震形成的裂隙形成的;负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造是受地震颤动在砂、泥岩界面上由于砂层下沉、泥层上穿形成的;滑塌构造和角砾岩化是地震引起的重力滑塌或泥石流形成的。地裂缝、震褶层、液化脉、沙火山、负荷构造、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造、枕状层相当于原地震积岩,而滑塌构造和角砾岩化属于异地震积岩。     

黔北务正道地区早二叠世铝土矿成矿模式*

黔北务正道(务川—正安—道真)地区,早二叠世沉积型铝土矿形成于黔北平原近海的一个半封闭海湾环境,冰期低海平面时期与中扬子海湾分离成为滨岸湖泊,间冰期高海平面时期与中扬子海湾连通。古地理单元可分为黔北平原、滨岸平原、滨岸湿地和半封闭海湾等单元。准同生和后期含矿岩系的暴露、淋滤是铝土矿形成的主要控制因素。土状及半土状铝土矿(包括土状及半土状的碎屑和豆鲕矿石)是含矿岩系准同生和后期暴露期间淋滤而成的,而致密状矿石是没有经过淋滤或弱淋滤形成的。碎屑状铝土矿是盆地内部泥裂破碎再沉积形成的;豆鲕状矿石是盆地内部胶体凝聚而成的。务正道铝土矿的动态成矿模式表明铝土矿主要形成于两次准同生淋滤期,因此铝土矿找矿应重点选择滨岸湿地、具有明显淋滤作用发育的地区。     

扬子地台西缘盐边群玄武质岩石地球化学特征及SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

选择盐边群底部荒田组玄武质岩石(原划为蛇绿岩),通过岩石化学和微量元素地球化学研究,认为盐边群玄武质岩石可能形成于弧后盆地环境;通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得玄武质岩石岩浆结晶年龄为782±53Ma,其形成时代为新元古代。同时获得其中继承性变质锆石年龄为1837±14Ma。变质锆石年龄可能代表扬子地台西缘变质基底年龄,证明扬子地台西缘可能存在古元古代变质基底。