东北冷涡背景下一次龙卷过程的观测分析

2012年6月12日在吉林省白城市洮北区发生一次龙卷过程 (简称“612”龙卷),对此次龙卷过程天气形势和雷达资料分析结果表明:龙卷发生在高空冷涡的东南象限、中高空急流北侧、低空急流左侧的对流不稳定区域及地面较暖湿的环境中,大气对流参数计算结果显示龙卷过程低层 (0~1 km) 的垂直风切变较强 (为6.0×10-3s-1),抬升凝结高度较低 (低于1 km),且龙卷发生前对流有效位能较大。同时,龙卷过程超过50 dBZ的强核高度均在4 km以下,为低质心的对流系统,龙卷产生于一条带状回波与一近似团状回波合并加强后的强回波带中,并逐渐演变成“S”型,伴有“V”型缺口,中心最强值达61 dBZ。根据多普勒天气雷达导出产品并结合径向速度图反映出“612”龙卷是发生在以龙卷涡旋特征为主的尺度较小且垂直涡度较大 (约为3.65×10-2~3.83×10-2s-1) 的强对流风暴中,持续时间较短。     

鲁北一次前倾槽引发的局地暴雨成因浅析

通过对常规气象资料、卫星云图和多普勒雷达资料的分析，指出当高空槽超前于地面冷锋，在高空槽附近不稳定能量积累的背景下，生成的后移动的中尺度系统，是造成鲁北2000年7月22日暴雨的原因。     

登陆北上台风暴雨突发性增强的一种机制研究

采用一个三维混合模式对1992年8月30日至9月2日一次登陆北上台风暴雨过程进行了模拟。模式可以较准确地预报出与地面倒槽相一致的地面降水位置及降水量值。模拟的台风云系结构与卫星云图比较表明,外围云场与实例云况吻合很好,验证了本模式模拟卫星云图的能力,对卫星云图预报有实际意义;暴雨突然增幅的直接原因是高层冰云与低层供水云的突然北移重叠造成的。受地面倒槽附近强烈辐合抬升的动力作用,各相态云系的分布与垂直运动紧密相关;辐合线右侧的东南低空急流为降水的增幅及维持提供水汽来源;云的相变潜热非绝热加热作用对暴雨的增幅及维持具有正反馈作用,它对暴雨维持具有积极贡献。     

C波段多普勒天气雷达地物识别方法

地物回波对雷达数据应用会造成负面影响,是影响定量降水估测等产品精度的重要因素,识别并剔除地物回波是雷达基数据质量控制的一个重要内容。该文在现有S波段雷达地物识别方法的基础上,使用长治、哈尔滨两部CINRAD/CC雷达2011年观测数据,对C波段雷达地物回波特征进行分析,改进识别参量的隶属函数,建立适合C波段多普勒天气雷达的地物识别方法 (MCC方法),并对该方法进行效果检验。结果表明:S波段及C波段雷达地物回波与回波强度有关的参量分布较为相近,与降水回波的参量分布有明显区别;S波段雷达地物识别方法中与回波强度有关的参量可用于C波段雷达地物的识别,与速度有关的参量中仅中值速度可用于C波段雷达。通过统计分析与个例分析,相对于现有S波段雷达识别方法,MCC方法可显著提高C波段雷达地物回波的识别正确率,并可减少层状云降水回波的误判。     

全国各省市气象科技期刊文摘(15)

１溃变理论在冰雹大风及暴雨预报中的应用实例《广西气象》２００２年第３期郑传新柳州地区气象局５４５００１摘要根据溃变理论，利用“溃变图”和“V－３θ图”对冰雹大风和大暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析，结果表明，溃变理论在冰雹大风和大暴雨天气预报中具有较大的参考价值，可作为实用有效的预报工具。２气候平均值的改变对云南气候业务的影响《云南气象》２００３年第１期晏红明云南省气象科研所６５００３４摘要气候平均值的改变意味着气候平均态的改变，２００３年１月１日即将执行的气候平均值由１９６１年至１９９０年累年平均值…     

On the Association between Spring Arctic Sea Ice Concentration and Chinese Summer Rainfall： A Further Study

In our previous study,a statistical linkage between the spring Arctic sea ice concentration(SIC)and the succeeding Chinese summer rainfall during the period 1968–2005 was identified.This linkage is demonstrated by the leading singular value decomposition(SVD)that accounts for 19%of the co-variance.Both spring SIC and Chinese summer rainfall exhibit a coherent interannual variability and two apparent interdecadal variations that occurred in the late 1970s and the early 1990s.The combined impacts of both spri...     

Characteristics of carbonaceous particles in Beijing during winter and summer 2003

Campaigns were conducted to measure Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC) in PM2.5 during winter and summer 2003 in Beijing. Modest differences of PM2.5 and PM10 mean concentrations were observed between the winter and summer campaigns. The mean PM2.5/PM10 ratio in both seasons was around 60%, indicating PM2.5 contributed significantly to PM10. The mean concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were 11.2±7.5 and 6.0±5.0μg m-3 for the winter campaign, and 9.4±2.1 and 4.3±3.0 μg m-3 for the summer campaign, respectively. Diurnal concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were found high at night and low during the daytime in winter, and characterized by an obvious minimum in the summer afternoon. The mean OC/EC ratio was 1.87±0.09 for winter and Z39±0.49 for summer. The higher OC/EC ratio in summer indicates some formation of Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC). The estimated SOC was 2.8 μg m-3 for winter and 4.2μg m-3 for summer.     

双线偏振雷达测雨效果的对比分析

本文根据1993、1994年15次层状云和12次对流云降雨过程的地面降雨资料和C波段双线偏振雷达资料，对双线偏振雷达和普通雷达测量不同强度降雨的效果进行了评估和比较。结果表明，从相对误差来看，双线偏振雷达使普通雷达的小雨高估、大雨低估的测量误差趋势减弱，它对小到中雨的测量结果优于普通雷达。双线偏振雷达大雨高估的现象可能与强对流性降雨中冰相粒子的存在有关。     

冰雹微结构的分析研究

本文根据新疆昭苏地区五次雹暴的51个雹块切片的偏振光和透射光照片研究,获得了该地区的三种冰雹微结构类型,指出了我国这一地区冰雹微结构的冰晶、气泡、层次和雹胚的特征,最后研究了降雹时的雨滴谱变化和雹谱特征。     

Reductions of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations during the 2008 Olympic Games

The Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring Network successfully undertook the task of monitoring the atmospheric quality of Beijing and its surrounding area during the 2008 Olympics.The results of this monitoring show that high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution exhibited a regional pattern during the monitoring period(1 June-30 October 2008).The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 53 μg m 3,66 μg m 3,and 82 μg m 3 at the background site,in Beijing,and in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations,respectively.The PM2.5 levels were lowest during the 2008 Olympic Games(8-24 August):35 μg m 3 at the background site,42 μg m 3 in Beijing and 57 μg m 3 in the region.These levels represent decreases of 49%,48%,and 56%,respectively,compared to the prophase mean concentration before the Olympic Games.Emission control measures contributed 62%-82% of the declines observed in Beijing,and meteorological conditions represented 18%-38%.The concentration of fine particles met the goals set for a "Green Olympics."