新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成系统设计与实现

实现一种新型天气雷达发射脉冲包络检测集成技术,高度集成数控衰减器、包络检波器、A/D转换器和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)处理器;能快速准确的对发射机脉冲特性进行检测,无需其他仪器和工具辅助,全自动测试,自动生成测试报告并根据测试结果给出检修建议,能够有效解决台站天气雷达对发射脉冲包络传统测试和维护的单一测试仪器功能,有效降低人为测试误差,减少天气雷达故障诊断和日常维护带来的制约和影响,促进天气雷达测试、维护维修保障的标准化和自动化。     

东海表层多年平均水温的奇异矢量分析和水系划分

在海洋学和气象学的研究中,海洋表层水温是最重要而又易于观测的基本参数之一,对其观数据进行收集、整理和分析研究,向为海洋和气象业务部门所重视。就东海来说,日本气象厅长崎海洋气象台自1953年以来即已系统收集该海区的表层水温观测资料,逐旬发布《东海表层水温旬报》。并先后出版了三卷详尽的资料汇编:《东海逐旬表层水温五年报(1953-1957)》,《东海及黄海逐旬表面水温十年报(1953-1962)》,《东海表层水温二十年报(1953-1972)》。 现有关于东海表层水系配置以及与之有关的海流系统和海况变动等方面的知识,大多是通过这些资料的分析研究而得到的。其中,特别应该提到的是日本学者菊池繁雄(1959)、小泉政美(1964)和佐原勉(1974,1975)的工作。他们分别依据上列三项资料,对东海表层水温旬报中的一百多个测站的水温季节変化作了常规统计分析,并在些分析基础上定性地勾划出东海表层水系配置和海流系统的大致轮廓。这些研究成果迄今仍是讨论东海水文特征的重要依据。 然而,上述三位作者提出的东海表层水系划分方案,尽管大体相同,但在测站类别的划分或合并以及代表站的选择等具体问题上却有颇大的出入，如表1及图1所示。在我们看来,这三种基于表层水温季节变化统计特征而提出的水系划分方案之所以有如此显著的差别,其原因主要不在于资料的年限不一,而是在于缺乏客观的分类判据。迄今为止,在海洋水文特征的分析研究中,水系(或水团)划分判据的选择是一件相当主观的事情。一般都是根据分析者的经验和直观判断来作出选择。表1列举的三位作者所依据的统计特征,除菊池繁雄(1959)采用的水温年变化调和常数以外,大多并不提供独立的信息,因而未能充分揭示各测站表层水温季节变化之间错综复杂的关系。况且,这三位作者在具体分析各测站的各种统计特征的相似性或差异性时,并未给出客观的判据,而只是先验地从不同的角度对这些特征加以删简或强调,这就给测站的聚类和相应代表站的选择带来了不同程度的片面性,以致得到不同的聚类结果。 为了避免上述关于东海表层水系划分方案所蕴含的不确定性,我们试图采用数据矩阵的奇异值分解技术,对东海82个1°×1°(经、纬度)网格点的多年(1953-1972)旬平均表层水温季节距平数据矩阵进行正交分解,从而确定表征该海区表层水温时-空变异的前几对最具特征意义的奇异矢量,以之作为东海表层水系划分的一项客观依据。     

内波频散关系的一种数值解法

基于Ｆｌｉｇｅｌ等（１９７５）采用的Ｔｈｏｍｐｓｏｎ－Ｈａｓｋｅｌｌ算法（Ｈａｓｋｅｌｌ，１９５１），在取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似的条件下求解线性内波方程，以研究内波的频散关系及其各种模态的垂直速度振幅随深度分布的特征。本文以南海（１３°３０′Ｎ，１１８°３０′Ｅ）、（９°３０′Ｎ，１１１°３０′Ｅ）两个测站夏季和冬季的内波特征的计算为例，分别用Ｆｌｉｇｅｌ等原先的方法（引入Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似）和本文改进的方法（取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似）进行了计算；结果表明：对于垂直波数较小的内波，在取消Ｂｏｕｓｓｉｎｅｓｑ近似情况下，其计算精度可获得明显的提高。     

Resting stages of Tortanus forcipatus (Crustacea, Calanoida) in sediments of Victoria Harbor, Hong Kong

The distribution and abundance of viable and non-viable (so-called resting eggs) embryos of the calanoid copepod Tortanus forcipatus were determined in the laboratory by the enumeration of nauplii that emerge from sediments collected in Victoria Harbor (Hong Kong). Sediment cores sliced down to a depth of 37 cm showed the highest number of viable resting eggs near the surface layer (0–5 cm). The number of viable eggs sharply decreased with sediment depth, particularly at the inner harbor stations, although diapause eggs remained viable as deep as 25 cm. ²¹⁰Pb analyses of the sediments indicated that the mean egg age was 4.9 years. The egg mortality of T. forcipatus in the sediments was 0.135 year⁻¹, or 78.22% annual egg survival, calculated by regressing ln (egg density) from sediment age. The range of horizontal distribution of viable resting eggs was 24.25 × 10³–58.90 × 10³ m⁻², with a mean value of 36.8 × 10³ m⁻² over all stations. The accumulation of viable resting eggs that can persist for an extended period of time provided evidence for the existence of an egg bank of T. forcipatus in the sediments of Victoria Harbor.     

Distribution and sources of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes in sediments of the subtropical Pearl River estuary and adjacent shelf, Southern China

The isotopic composition (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) and organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN, organic plus inorganic) content of 37 carbonate-free surficial sediments of the subtropical Pearl River estuary and the adjacent shelf of South China Sea (SCS) was determined. The δ¹³C values indicate that the sediment organic material is a mixture from two sources, terrestrial and marine. Several of the sediments have extremely low (< 4) OC / TN ratios, which could be due to low OC contents and/or to a significant fraction of the TN present as inorganic nitrogen adsorbed on clays. In general, the spatial patterns of OC, TN, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N are similar. Values are low at the river mouth and on the western coast, suggesting proportionally greater accumulation of terrestrial particulate organic matter relative to marine phytodetritus, which is limited by low productivity in the turbid plume of the Pearl River. Algal-derived organic carbon (al-OC) content is estimated to be low (≤ 0.06%) at the river mouth and higher (up to 0.57%) on the adjacent inner shelf based on a mixing model of end members.     

间断地形下的亚惯性频率地形波

在纯间断化地形的条件下,从理论分析和数值计算二方面探讨了亚惯性频率地形波的频散关系。指出正压亚惯性频率地形波的波模直接取决于间断点的个数和间断度。连续地形可以看成是纯间断地形的极限情况,因此,连续地形的起伏程度有类似间断度的作用。在对连续地形的频散关系进行数值计算时,水平步长的选取对计算结果有很大的影响。     

Magnetic Stereoscopy of Coronal Loops in NOAA 8891

The Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) requires powerful tools for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the solar corona. Here we test such a program with data from SOHO and TRACE. By taking advantage of solar rotation, a newly developed stereoscopy tool for the reconstruction of coronal loops is applied to the solar active region NOAA 8891 observed from 1 March to 2 March 2000. The stereoscopic reconstruction is composed of three steps. First, we identify loop structures in two TRACE images observed from two vantage viewpoints approximately 17 degrees apart, which corresponds to observations made about 30 hours apart. In the second step, we extrapolate the magnetic field in the corona with the linear force-free field model from the photospheric line-of-sight SOHO/MDI data. Finally, combining the extrapolated field lines and one-dimensional loop curves from two different viewpoints, we obtain the 3D loop structures with the magnetic stereoscopy tool. We demonstrate that by including the magnetic modeling this tool is more powerful than pure geometrical stereoscopy, especially in resolving the ambiguities generated by classical stereoscopy. This work will be applied to the STEREO mission in the near future.     

三峡水库蓄水后巴东地区波速比（Vp/Vs）研究

采用固定台站法计算了三峡水库蓄水后湖北省巴东地区ML2.0以上地震的波速比值,并给出了各自的相关系数。结果显示,巴东地区地震波速比值变化与水库地震的震源浅,裂隙发育,水的渗入作用等有关,并存在扩容期间波速比降低,震前波速比回升的现象。     

Late Quaternary Slip Behavior of the Jinqianghe Fault in the Middle Qilian–Haiyuan Fault Zone, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Qilian–Haiyuan fault zone in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau has been the source of strong earthquakes in the region. In its middle segment, the Jinqianghe fault is an important active fault within the Tianzhu seismic gap; however, little is known about its slip behavior. To present a new horizontal displacement distribution along this fault, we used WorldView-2 stereo pairs and unmanned aerial vehicle-based photogrammetry to construct digital elevation models to obtain a detailed tectono-geomorphic interpretation and geomorphic offsets. The offset marker measurements yielded 135 geomorphic displacements and 8 offset clusters. Radiocarbon dating was used to establish the regional age sequence of the geomorphic units in offset fluvial terraces at four study sites. The displacements and ages linked the offset clusters with the geomorphic unit sequence; the Holocene strike-slip rate of the Jinqianghe fault was estimated to 4.8–5.6 mm/a at ~4–12 ka and 2.9–4.7 mm/a from ~4 ka. Three recent earthquakes (with a recurrence interval of ~1000 years) represent an active seismic period, revealing the potential seismic hazard along this fault because it has not ruptured in the last 1500 years.     

Study of a solar flare on 2005 August 22 observed in hard X-rays and microwaves

We investigate the 2005 August 22 flare event(00:54 UT) exploiting hard X-ray(HXR) observations from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager(RHESSI) and microwave(MW) observations from the Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory. The HXR time profile exposes well-damped quasi-periodic pulsations with four sequential peaks, and the MW time profile follows the corresponding peaks.Based on this feature, we derive the time relationship of HXRs and MWs with multifrequency data from the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter, and the spatially resolvable data from RHESSI and the Nobeyama Radioheliograph. We find that both frequency dependent delays in MWs and energy dependent delays in HXRs are significant.Furthermore, MW emissions from the south source are delayed with respect to those from the north source at both 17 GHz and 34 GHz, but no significant delays are found in HXR emissions from the different sources at the same energies. To better understand all these long time delays, we derive the electron fluxes of different energies by fitting the observed HXR spectra with a single power-law thick-target model, and speculate that these delays might be related to an extended acceleration process. We further compare the time profile of a MW spectral index derived from 17 and 34 GHz fluxes with the flux densities, and find that the spectral index shows a strong anticorrelation with the HXR fluxes.