夏季台湾浅滩周边海域叶绿素a荧光垂直分布对温盐的响应分析

根据2004年7-8月台湾海峡南部台湾浅滩周边海域的温度、盐度和叶绿素a荧光的观测资料,分析了调查期间温度、盐度、叶绿素a荧光垂直分布特征及其相互关系.结果表明,温盐环境因子的变化对叶绿素a荧光垂直分布有重要影响.夏季浅滩西侧近岸区出现的温盐跃层控制着叶绿素a荧光的垂直分层特征;浅滩南部陆架斜坡区中下层涌升水较强,于温盐跃层之中出现叶绿素a荧光的单峰;浅滩区水浅,基本上无(或弱)温盐跃层,叶绿素a荧光的垂向分布也较均匀;在浅滩区边缘,受上升流与浅滩强潮混合作用影响,叶绿素a对温盐的响应呈线性关系.     

The role of horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in generating the 26 December 2004 tsunami

For a long time, people have believed that the vertical displacement of seafloor due to undersea earthquakes is the primary cause of tsunami genesis. However, seismically-inverted seafloor deformation of the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake shows that the total vertical displacement is not enough to have generated the powerful Indian Ocean tsunami. Based on the seismically-inverted data and a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM), we show that the momentum force, transferred by the horizontal impulses of the faulting continental slope in that earthquake, has accounted for two thirds of the satellite-observed tsunami height and generated kinetic energy 5 times larger than the potential energy due to the vertical displacement. The asymmetric tsunami pattern, recorded by tide-gauges showing leading-elevation waves toward Sri Lanka and leading-depression waves toward Thailand, is best explained by the horizontally-forced mechanism. The same mechanism has also explained the March 2005 Nias earthquake and tsunami data, suggesting that the horizontal motions of faulting have played more important roles in tsunami genesis than previously thought.     

JSCORS RTK GPS技术在土方测量中的应用

本文介绍了当今城市GPS应用的发展热点CORS系统的优势,并结合实例介绍了JSCORS RTK技术在某土方测量项目中的应用情况、作业流程,分析了测量时应该注意的问题。     

基于GIS的水资源查询统计软件系统设计与实现

地理信息系统(GIS)因为其强大的空间数据处理能力,为水资源管理提供了一个新颖、高效、具有良好可视化效果的管理与应用工具.在与水资源管理专业人员的多次调研、分析基础上,我们基于自主产权版本的Geo-Windows(地学之窗)GIS软件平台开发了一套水资源管理信息试验系统.该系统充分发挥了地理信息系统所具有的地图图面直观、反应快捷、易操作、查询方便、分析功能强大等功能,使水资源管理工作更趋完善,更具有合理性和科学性,可以为领导的辅助决策提供依据.     

基于IMAGIS的3维数字校园的设计与实现

作为数字城市建设的一个层面,数字校园的建设必将推动数字城市的建设,为整个数字城市的信息数字化打下良好的根基.本文基于3维可视地理信息系统软件IMAGIS,实现了数字校园的3维建模及虚拟漫游,并就有关技术问题进行了详细讨论.     

Comparison of the effects of short-term UVB radiation exposure on phytoplankton photosynthesis in the temperate Changjiang and subtropical Zhujiang estuaries of China

We examined the effect of solar ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280–315 nm) on photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton assemblages in the temperate Changjiang River Estuary (CRE) in the East China Sea (ECS), and the subtropical Zhujiang River Estuary (ZRE) in the South China Sea (SCS) from August 2002 to April 2003. The short-term effect of UVB was assessed by exposing samples in quartz tubes/bottles to solar radiation under three treatments: (1) natural sunlight (NS) with UVB (NS-UVB); (2) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, NS cut off UVB); and (3) NS with additional artificial UVB (NS + A-UVB). Solar UVB apparently inhibited phytoplankton photosynthesis rates. In the temperate CRE-ECS, solar UVB reduced surface phytoplankton photosynthesis by about 28% in August and February, while in the subtropical ZRE-SCS the inhibition was only 22% in September and October. In the CRE-ECS, phytoplankton in the stratified water column displayed stronger UVB inhibition when deeper water samples were exposed to surface UVB. Phytoplankton in the mixed water column did not show strong UVB inhibition, while light shift exposure of deeper phytoplankton in the same water column to surface light produced similar results, indicating that mixing moderates UVB effects. In the ZRE-SCS, surface phytoplankton showed greater photoinhibition in January (sunny). However, in April (cloudy), phytoplankton showed little UVB inhibition. Incubation for a short time without UVB showed a large increase in Chl a at two stations in the ZRE-SCS, but a large decrease at the other station in the presence of UVB. In contrast, in the CRE-ECS, a similar incubation experiment without UVB showed a decrease in Chl a, and small UVB inhibition of Chl a at two stations. Nutrient conditions might have played a role in the difference of UVB inhibition between the two regions as the ZRESCS had relatively high concentrations of all nutrients while PO₄ was only 0.21 μM at one of the CRE-ECS stations. The results suggest that phytoplankton in temperate waters would be more responsive to variation of UVB than ones in subtropical waters.     

九龙江河口区表层沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其沉积环境

通过对九龙江河口表层沉积物的重金属元素含量、沉积物粒度等要素进行分析,结合相关与聚类分析等统计手段,探讨了九龙江河口地区的沉积环境与重金属元素含量特征的关系.结果表明,即使在沉积环境复杂的河口地区,重金属含量分布与沉积物粒度仍存在明显的对应关系.受沉积动力影响,不同的重金属元素分布在九龙江河口地区表现出较大差异,而嵩屿至屿仔尾一带呈带状南北向展布的重金属相对高值条带值得引起注意.     

夏季台湾浅滩周边水域悬浮物质浊度和叶绿素a荧光分布特征

2004年7～8月在台湾浅滩周边水域进行了两个断面的水体悬浮物浊度、叶绿素a荧光调查,通过对该区域悬浮物质浊度、叶绿素a荧光的夏季分布变化特征研究,结合水文相关要素分析,初步揭示了区域海洋沉积和再悬浮过程对悬浮体浊度、叶绿素a荧光分布的影响。指出悬浮物质浊度在近岸与陆架外缘主要受再悬浮作用影响,而浅滩区再悬浮作用不明显：在陆架外缘区浮游植物的聚集作用对浊度有一定的贡献作用,而近岸区则不明显。     

基于MGIS与MODIS SST数据的黑潮海表温度锋特征分析

本文利用我国自主研发的海洋地理信息系统软件MaXplorer,以黑潮为例,阐述了基于过程的海洋形态特征提取方法,利用VC++,对MODIS水星SST时间序列数据进行海表温度锋抽取,并分析了2003年东海黑潮表层温度锋位置的季节性变迁。结果表明,东海黑潮表层温度锋位置的季节性变化不大,只是在台湾东北部海域和北纬30°附近海域季节性变化比较活跃,由于夏季东海表层水温比较均匀,基本保持在28℃以上,温度锋位置难以确定。其他3个季节温度锋的位置由于受海底地形的影响,基本保持在200m等深线附近的陆坡区,而在台湾岛东北部有一个明显的先是气旋,后是反气旋的弯曲,冬季的温度锋位置相对稍偏东,秋季的温度锋路线比较曲折。