对《徐霞客游记》中戊寅(1638年)滇中超长雨期的初步研究*

通过对《徐霞客游记》有关记载,发现公元1638年9月下旬至12月上旬87天中有57天是连续雨日.其中阴历八月八日至九月二十六日的48天中,下雨日数达43天.这是现代气象记录滇中高原从未有过的超常雨期.     

The MIRS Microwave Radiometer–Spectrometer as the Basis for the Convergence Space Experiment

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The MIRS microwave radiometer–spectrometer is described. The instrument is being developed using a conceptual design that was the first stage of...     

东阿拉伯海拉克希米盆地浊流沉积序列的粒度变化及其对中更新世气候转型的响应

阿拉伯海印度沉积扇是世界第二大海底扇,保存着来自喜马拉雅和喀喇昆仑等山系的新生代风化沉积物,是研究印度季风和南亚地区环境演化的理想材料。通过对2015年3~5月完成的IODP 355航次U1456钻孔A段总长345.36 m沉积物（约1.8 Ma以来）的沉积特征分析,发现其为典型的浊流沉积。通过对757个样品高分辨率的粒度测试,揭示研究区沉积序列在构造时间尺度上的粒度变化主要受到印度季风降水控制,阿拉伯海深海沉积物的粒度变化可作为一个新的季风演化的替代指标。从1.80~1.18 Ma到1.18~0.10 Ma,浊流沉积物的堆积速率降低,粒度变细,揭示了更新世印度季风强度的阶段性减弱。在沉积序列上,砂组分的变化周期从约41 ka向更长周期转化,推测东阿拉伯海U1456A钻孔沉积物序列在中更新世的粒度变化可能是对印度季风气候转型的响应。

     

Tumbling asteroids

We present both a review of earlier data and new results on non-principal axis rotators (tumblers) among asteroids. Among new tumblers found, the best data we have are for 2002 TD₆₀, 2000 WL₁₀₇, and (54789) 2001 MZ₇—each of them shows a lightcurve with two frequencies (full terms with linear combinations of the two frequencies are present in the lightcurve). For 2002 TD₆₀, we have constructed a physical model of the NPA rotation. Other recent objects which have been found to be likely tumblers based on their lightcurves that do not fit with a single periodicity are 2002 NY₄₀, (16067) 1999 RH₂₇, and (5645) 1990 SP. We have done a statistical analysis of the present sample of the population of NPA rotators. It appears that most asteroids larger than ∼0.4 km with estimated damping timescales (Harris, 1994, Icarus 107, 209) of 4.5 byr and longer are NPA rotators. The statistic of two short-period tumblers (D=0.04 and 0.4 km) with non-zero tensile strength suggests that for them the quantity μQ/T, where μ is the mechanical rigidity, Q is the elastic dissipation factor, and T is a spin excitation age (i.e., a time elapsed since the last significant spin excitation event), is greater by two to four orders of magnitude than the larger, likely rubble-pile tumblers. Among observational conditions and selection effects affecting detections of NPA rotations, there is a bias against detection of low-amplitude (small elongation) tumblers.     

Electromagnetic radiation outbursts from the collision of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet with Jupiter

The forthcoming collision by debris of P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet with Jupiter during the week of July 18, 1994 has generated considerable scientific and public interest. This collision may release an amount of energy ranging from 10²⁵-10³¹ ergs in the Jovian atmosphere. Two possible phenomena associated with this event are described in this Letter to the Editor. The first one is the likely display of deformed Jovian magnetic field lines as the comet interacts with the Jovian magnetosphere. The second one is electromagnetic radiation outbursts during comet explosions over a wide frequency range from radio up to gamma ray emissions. If relativistic electrons with energies up to ~ 1000 MeV could be produced during comet explosions, then synchrotron radiations with frequencies from radio up to infrared range could be detectable. Hard X-rays and gamma rays could be produced by bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton processes. Since one cannot exclude the possible transient presence of relativistic electrons with Lorentz factor 2 × 10⁶, synchrotron radiation component might even be extended into gamma ray frequency range during intermittent short time intervals.     

Retrieving sea-wave spectra using satellite-imagery spectra in a wide range of frequencies

A method to register sea-wave spectra using optical aerospace imagery has been developed. The method is based on the use of retrieval operators both in areas of high and low spatial frequencies, including the areas of spectral maximum. The approach to adjust and validate the method developed using sea truth data obtained by string wave recorders has been suggested. This paper presents the results of using the suggested method to study sea-wave spectra using high-resolution satellite imagery for various water areas under different conditions of wave generation.     

离子迁移谱现场观测渤海和北黄海二甲基硫的研究

渤海、黄海是高产二甲基硫（Dimethyl Sulfide, DMS）的大陆架海区。该海区DMS的现场调查研究有助于准确评估海洋DMS释放量及其对全球气候变化的负反馈作用。目前,无论是基于模型还是直接测量法的通量估算均以表层海水或低层大气DMS浓度为基础,因此,先进的检测技术对其通量估算的准确度具有决定性作用。气相色谱法、质谱法、化学发光法以及卫星遥感技术是现在常用的观测技术,而本文则基于苯辅助光电离离子迁移谱技术进一步提出了一种可在海域现场观测海水中DMS的方法。通过结合动态气提-Nafion管在线除水进样系统,消除环境水汽的干扰;在最优条件下,基于DMS两个产物离子峰,可以实现0.10～120 nmol/L之间DMS的定量分析,检测限低至0.065 nmol/L;然后将所建方法应用于2019年秋季渤海、北黄海海水中DMS的现场观测。结果表明,表层海水中DMS的浓度为0.080～0.96 nmol/L（平均值为（0.44±0.34）nmol/L）,其海气通量为0.12～17.75 μmol/（m²·d）（平均值为（ 3.23±4.02）μmol/（m²·d））;通过结合实验室检测结果、环境因子和浮游植物群落结构讨论了海水样品低温储存条件下DMS的变化和影响因素,结果显示,营养盐成分及浮游植物群落结构是影响储存样品中DMS浓度显著增加的主要因素,进一步表明了现场观测方法的建立对海洋DMS释放量的准确评估具有重要意义。