全文获取类型
收费全文 | 98044篇 |
免费 | 3068篇 |
国内免费 | 3582篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2653篇 |
大气科学 | 7939篇 |
地球物理 | 18936篇 |
地质学 | 36982篇 |
海洋学 | 9752篇 |
天文学 | 20986篇 |
综合类 | 1211篇 |
自然地理 | 6235篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1276篇 |
2021年 | 1866篇 |
2020年 | 1802篇 |
2019年 | 1960篇 |
2018年 | 3325篇 |
2017年 | 3083篇 |
2016年 | 3490篇 |
2015年 | 2040篇 |
2014年 | 3420篇 |
2013年 | 5256篇 |
2012年 | 3618篇 |
2011年 | 4536篇 |
2010年 | 4103篇 |
2009年 | 4966篇 |
2008年 | 4375篇 |
2007年 | 4455篇 |
2006年 | 4127篇 |
2005年 | 2889篇 |
2004年 | 2769篇 |
2003年 | 2657篇 |
2002年 | 2699篇 |
2001年 | 2379篇 |
2000年 | 2260篇 |
1999年 | 1886篇 |
1998年 | 1864篇 |
1997年 | 1758篇 |
1996年 | 1491篇 |
1995年 | 1484篇 |
1994年 | 1256篇 |
1993年 | 1174篇 |
1992年 | 1078篇 |
1991年 | 1064篇 |
1990年 | 1009篇 |
1989年 | 915篇 |
1988年 | 818篇 |
1987年 | 937篇 |
1986年 | 820篇 |
1985年 | 982篇 |
1984年 | 1098篇 |
1983年 | 1056篇 |
1982年 | 971篇 |
1981年 | 908篇 |
1980年 | 808篇 |
1979年 | 763篇 |
1978年 | 735篇 |
1977年 | 626篇 |
1976年 | 635篇 |
1975年 | 627篇 |
1974年 | 597篇 |
1973年 | 668篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
511.
Oshan Taylor M. Wolf Levi J. Sachdeva Mehak Bardin Sarah Fotheringham A. Stewart 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2022,24(3):293-324
Journal of Geographical Systems - Scale is a central concept in the geographical sciences and is an intrinsic property of many spatial systems. It also serves as an essential thread in the fabric... 相似文献
512.
513.
受伪距噪声的影响,Turbo Eidt法中M-W组合难以探测所有周跳。分析了M-W组合观测量的误差特性,指出伪距误差导致周跳漏检、探测延迟的原因。采用小波阈值消噪方法对M-W组合观测值进行处理,阈值估计使用Visushrink方法可削弱伪距噪声、增加周跳的辨识度。消噪后,周跳会发生扩散,除当前历元外,前后多个历元均会超出阈值,便于探测。实测数据结果表明:经小波消噪后的M-W组合观测值能够准确定位小至1周的所有周跳,避免漏检现象,增强周跳探测的可靠性。 相似文献
514.
This research represents a continuation of the investigation carried out in the paper of Petrovskaya and Vershkov (J Geod 84(3):165–178, 2010) where conventional spherical harmonic series are constructed for arbitrary order derivatives of the Earth gravitational potential in the terrestrial reference frame. The problem of converting the potential derivatives of the first and second orders into geopotential models is studied. Two kinds of basic equations for solving this problem are derived. The equations of the first kind represent new non-singular non-orthogonal series for the geopotential derivatives, which are constructed by means of transforming the intermediate expressions for these derivatives from the above-mentioned paper. In contrast to the spherical harmonic expansions, these alternative series directly depend on the geopotential coefficients ${\bar{{C}}_{n,m}}$ and ${\bar{{S}}_{n,m}}$ . Each term of the series for the first-order derivatives is represented by a sum of these coefficients, which are multiplied by linear combinations of at most two spherical harmonics. For the second-order derivatives, the geopotential coefficients are multiplied by linear combinations of at most three spherical harmonics. As compared to existing non-singular expressions for the geopotential derivatives, the new expressions have a more simple structure. They depend only on the conventional spherical harmonics and do not depend on the first- and second-order derivatives of the associated Legendre functions. The basic equations of the second kind are inferred from the linear equations, constructed in the cited paper, which express the coefficients of the spherical harmonic series for the first- and second-order derivatives in terms of the geopotential coefficients. These equations are converted into recurrent relations from which the coefficients ${\bar{{C}}_{n,m}}$ and ${\bar{{S}}_{n,m}}$ are determined on the basis of the spherical harmonic coefficients of each derivative. The latter coefficients can be estimated from the values of the geopotential derivatives by the quadrature formulas or the least-squares approach. The new expressions of two kinds can be applied for spherical harmonic synthesis and analysis. In particular, they might be incorporated in geopotential modeling on the basis of the orbit data from the CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE missions, and the gradiometry data from the GOCE mission. 相似文献
515.
P. V. Nagamani M. I. Hussain S. B. Choudhury C. R. Panda P. Sanghamitra R. N. Kar A. Das I. V. Ramana K. H. Rao 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(1):117-125
In this paper we report chlorophyll measurements made during an ocean colour validation cruise in April 2011 of the research vessel, Sagar Paschimi in the coastal waters of Northern Bay of Bengal. The chlorophyll-a concentration in these waters range from 0.2 to 4.0 mg/m3. Chlorophyll-a concentration from OCM-2 was estimated using the global ocean colour algorithms namely, OC2, OC3, OC4 and Chl-a algorithms respectively. OCM data was processed using the global SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SeaDAS) in which all the above mentioned algorithms are embedded for estimating the chlorophyll-a concentration. A comparative study was made between and in-situ and satellite derived chlorophyll-a concentration. Although the matchups between in-situ and satellite data from OCM-2 were sparse, it indicates that direct application of the standard SeaWiFS algorithm-the OC4-V4 algorithm—in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal will underestimate chlorophyll-a by up to 30%. The results show a good correlation with an R value of 0.61 using OC2 algorithm. However, all the other global algorithms over estimate the chlorophyll-a concentration even in low chlorophyll concentration range. The comparison between in-situ and all the existing chlorophyll algorithms shows the efficiency of these algorithms for quantification of chlorophyll in coastal waters and hence the need to develop regional algorithms and fluorescence based algorithms for better quantification. 相似文献
516.
A. Lannes 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(4):323-335
The LLL algorithm, introduced by Lenstra et al. (Math Ann 261:515–534, 1982), plays a key role in many fields of applied mathematics. In particular, it is used as an effective numerical tool for preconditioning the integer least-squares problems arising in high-precision geodetic positioning and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). In 1992, Teunissen developed a method for solving these nearest-lattice point (NLP) problems. This method is referred to as Lambda (for Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment). The preconditioning stage of Lambda corresponds to its decorrelation algorithm. From an epistemological point of view, the latter was devised through an innovative statistical approach completely independent of the LLL algorithm. Recent papers pointed out some similarities between the LLL algorithm and the Lambda-decorrelation algorithm. We try to clarify this point in the paper. We first introduce a parameter measuring the orthogonality defect of the integer basis in which the NLP problem is solved, the LLL-reduced basis of the LLL algorithm, or the $\Lambda $ -basis of the Lambda method. With regard to this problem, the potential qualities of these bases can then be compared. The $\Lambda $ -basis is built by working at the level of the variance-covariance matrix of the float solution, while the LLL-reduced basis is built by working at the level of its inverse. As a general rule, the orthogonality defect of the $\Lambda $ -basis is greater than that of the corresponding LLL-reduced basis; these bases are however very close to one another. To specify this tight relationship, we present a method that provides the dual LLL-reduced basis of a given $\Lambda $ -basis. As a consequence of this basic link, all the recent developments made on the LLL algorithm can be applied to the Lambda-decorrelation algorithm. This point is illustrated in a concrete manner: we present a parallel $\Lambda $ -type decorrelation algorithm derived from the parallel LLL algorithm of Luo and Qiao (Proceedings of the fourth international C $^*$ conference on computer science and software engineering. ACM Int Conf P Series. ACM Press, pp 93–101, 2012). 相似文献
517.
This paper discusses a statistical and band transformation based approach to select bands for hyperspectral image analysis. Hyperspectral images contain large number of spectral bands with redundant information about the spectral classes in the image scene. It is necessary to reduce the high dimensionality of the data for the processing of hyperspectral data. We report a feature selection technique that removes correlated spectral bands using band decorrelation technique and obtains maximum variance image bands based on factor analysis. Factor analysis method of band selection technique is also validated against existing methods of band selection. The study is carried out for the agriculturally rich area of Musiri region of South India that has varied landcover types. Evaluation of the band selection procedure is done using signature separability measures such as Euclidean distance, Divergence, Transformed divergence and Jeffries Matusita distance. Results indicated that selected bands exhibited maximum separability and also occurred predominantly at wavelength 700 nm, 850, 1000 nm, 1200 nm, 1648 nm and 2200 nm. 相似文献
518.
随着社会对测绘成果及地理信息产品需求的不断扩大,以及测绘相关专业的不断扩展,一大批人才加入到了测绘和地理信息领域,使得测绘队伍不断壮大,但带来的问题是测绘人员的职称、简历等信息不便于管理和分析,信息的变更不便于维护,本论文以黑龙江测绘地理信息局为试点,应用符合测绘行业要求的测绘人才综合分析管理系统,为测绘行业人才管理拓展新的管理模式,同时为管理者提供更为快捷、有效的决策支持。 相似文献
519.
520.