姬塬地区长8油层组层序地层格架内成岩相展布特征

通过岩心观察并充分利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、阴极发光、X-衍射和扫描电镜等资料,对姬塬地区长8油层组储层的成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩阶段和成岩演化序列特征等进行了研究。根据成岩作用类型及强度、成岩矿物等将储层划分为绿泥石衬边弱溶蚀、不稳定组分溶蚀、压实致密、高岭石充填和碳酸盐胶结5种成岩相。并通过岩心薄片资料刻度测井归纳出不同成岩相在GR、AC等测井曲线及其组合上的响应特征,由此实现各单井储层成岩相的连续划分。对长8油层组层序界面和基准面旋回与成岩相展布的关系进行了研究,结果表明层序界面附近不稳定组分溶蚀相及高岭石充填相较为发育,且各井之间对比性良好,同时层序界面也控制了碳酸盐胶结;中期基准面旋回的最大湖泛面处均发育井间可对比的压实致密相,长82中期基准面下降半旋回砂体一方面易于遭受溶蚀产生次生孔,另一方面由于受沉积驻留和碎屑组分影响导致压实强度较弱,因此物性总体比长81砂体好。     

Geochemical features and origin of natural gas in heavy oil area of the Western Slope,Songliao Basin,China

The Western Slope of the Songliao Basin is rich in heavy oil resources (>70 × 10⁸ bbl), around which there are shallow gas reservoirs (∼1.0 × 10¹² m³). The gas is dominated by methane with a dryness over 0.99, and the non-hydrocarbon component being overwelmingly nitrogen. Carbon isotope composition of methane and its homologs is depleted in ¹³C, with δ¹³C₁ values being in the range of −55‰ to −75‰, δ¹³C₂ being in the range of −40‰ to −53‰ and δ¹³C₃ being in the range of −30‰ to −42‰, respectively. These values differ significantly from those solution gases source in the Daqing oilfield. This study concludes that heavy oils along the Western Slope were derived from mature source rocks in the Qijia-Gulong Depression, that were biodegraded. The low reservoir temperature (30–50 °C) and low salinity of formation water with neutral to alkaline pH (NaHCO₃) appeared ideal for microbial activity and thus biodegradation. Natural gas along the Western Slope appears mainly to have originated from biodegradation and the formation of heavy oil. This origin is suggested by the heavy δ¹³C of CO₂ (−18.78‰ to 0.95‰) which suggests that the methane was produced via fermentation as the terminal decomposition stage of the oil.     

Double injection events of mafic magma into supersolidus Yucheon granites to produce two types of mafic enclaves in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin,SE Korea

Petrographic and geochemical features of the Cretaceous Yucheon granites and their mafic microgranular/magmatic enclaves (MMEs), SE Korea, reveal that the MMEs originated from magma mixing. Mesoscopic and microscopic features indicate that mechanical mixing operated heterogeneously to produce the MMEs with a wide range of sizes and textures. Chemical compositions of amphibole, biotite, and plagioclase rims of both the MMEs and host granites are almost identical, indicating that chemical homogenization took place to some extent after the mechanical mixing. Plagioclase cores, however, have various compositions depending on the host rocks and/or sampling locations, suggesting their sluggish re-equilibration. The MMEs are divided into Type A (low TiO₂, very fine-grained, chilled margins) and Type B (high TiO₂, fine- to medium-grained, no chilled margins). The lower TiO₂ MMEs cooled more rapidly and interacted with granitic magma for a shorter period of time than the higher TiO₂ MMEs. Additionally, the former are less enriched in HREEs than the latter. Zoned plagioclase has two zones of increased An content. These features are indicative of double injection events of mafic magma. A previous model explains the magma mixing as resulting from the generation of a slab window due to Kula-Pacific ridge subduction. The model cannot, however, explain the eastward younging of the granites in Korea, necessitating a new, more elaborate model of Cretaceous geodynamics and magmatism in East Asia.     

Spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts based on the daily comprehensive drought index in the Haihe River basin,China

Meteorological droughts can affect large areas and may have serious environmental, social and economic impacts. These impacts depend on the severity, duration, and spatial extent of the precipitation deficit and the socioeconomic vulnerability of the affected regions. This paper examines the spatiotemporal variation of meteorological droughts in the Haihe River basin. Meteorological droughts events were diagnosed using daily meteorological data from 44 stations by calculating a comprehensive drought index (CI) for the period 1961–2011. Based on the daily CI values of each station over the past 50 years, the drought processes at each station were confirmed, and the severity, duration and frequency of each meteorological drought event were computed and analyzed. The results suggest the following conclusions: (1) the use of the CI index can effectively trace the development of drought and can also identify the duration and severity of each drought event; (2) the average drought duration was 57–85 days in each region of the Haihe River basin, and the region with the highest average values of drought duration and drought severity was Bohai Bay; (3) drought occurred more than 48 times over the study period, which is more than 0.95 times per year over the 50 years studied. The average frequencies of non-drought days, severe drought days and extreme drought days over the study period were 51.2, 3.2 and 0.4 %, respectively. Severe drought events mainly occurred in the south branch of the Hai River, and extreme drought events mainly occurred in the Shandong Peninsula and Bohai Bay; (4) the annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration of the Haihe River basin show decreasing trends over the past 50 years. The frequency of severe drought and extreme drought events has increased in the past 20 years than during the period 1961–1990. The results of this study may serve as a reference point for decision regarding basin water resources management, ecological recovery and drought hazard vulnerability analysis.

     

招平断裂带中段断裂成矿有利度分析

招平断裂带是我国著名的金矿成矿带。断裂的空间展布形态特征对寻找断裂构造控矿型金矿床具有重要作用。通过断裂的遥感解译,研究了招平断裂带主断裂的走向、主断裂地表破碎带宽度以及主断裂起伏程度等成矿有利度指标,构建了基于断裂距离场的成矿有利度分析模型,并圈定研究区域成矿远景区11处,为区域地质、物化探等勘查工作提供了指导性意见。     

基于交通大数据的广东省高速公路碳排放计量模型与空间格局

以广东省为例,基于高速公路联网收费系统的路段车流数据,建立包含I~IV类客车和I~VI类货车在内的全样本、高精度碳排放计量模型,并采用地理空间分析法探索广东省高速公路碳排放空间差异性。结论主要有：1）广东省高速公路碳排放主要来自于货车,货车碳排放占碳排放总量的57.1%;客车占42.9%。其中,中小型机动车,如I类客车（即小汽车）、I类和III类货车等是高速公路主要碳排放源。2）在高速公路网络中,碳排放高值路段具有集中于国家级高速公路、邻近经济发达和人口密集区、邻近机场和港口等空间特征。客车碳排放高值路段主要集中在珠三角区域,沿广州市向外呈放射状分布;货车碳排放高值路段主要分布在国家级高速公路,且货车载货量越小,碳排放空间分布越集中。3）广东省高速公路碳排放较高的地市多集中在珠三角城市群,广州市城市首位效应突出。县区尺度下,高速公路碳排放的空间非均衡特征显著,碳排放较高的县区多为广州市和佛山市下属县区。     

昌吉州主客观温度预报检验及业务应用

该文对2013年昌吉州区域3种主客观温度预报产品进行质量检验,预报时效24 h、48 h、72 h;对温度预报误差≤2℃的百分率(准确率)、平均绝对误差、均方根误差统计检验。对预报员和模式预报产品的质量、技巧评分进行对比分析。结果表明:预报员的24 h预报质量略优于模式的预报质量。48~72 h最高温度预报质量,EC细网格预报最好。分析主客观预报质量的月变化和站点变化,为业务工作中的参考权重提供依据。提出了选取最优订正值订正客观预报系统偏差的方法(预估若干订正值,分别计算每个订正值在一段时间内的平均绝对误差和准确率,选取其中平均绝对误差最小且准确率最高的订正值),并通过制作相应软件投入业务运用。     

A GNSS interference identification using an adaptive cascading IIR notch filter

A low-complexity time-domain approach for global navigation satellite systems is proposed to detect and identify single-tone, multi-tone, swept continuous wave interference (CWI) and band-limited white Gaussian noise (BLWN). An adaptive notch filter and adaptive cascading filter structure are employed to identify the type of interference signals. The number of the cascading stages is selected by comparing the total power in receiver bandpass, and after, passing the adaptive notch filter. For this reason, the proposed filter structure is more efficient in identifying and mitigating interference signals than the conventional filter structure. In addition, the automatic gain control gain is used to detect the existence of continuous wave interference. The performance of the interference detection and identification method is evaluated for the cases of GPS signal in the presence of single-tone, multi-tone, swept CWI and BLWN.     

Multi‐Scale Qualitative Location: A Topology‐Based Model

Qualitative locations describe spatial objects by relating the spatial objects to a frame of reference (e.g. a regional partition in this study) with qualitative relations. Existing models only formalize spatial objects, frames of reference, and their relations at one scale, thus limiting their applicability in representing location changes of spatial objects across scales. A topology‐based, multi‐scale qualitative location model is proposed to represent the associations of multiple representations of the same objects with respect to the frames of reference at different levels. Multi‐scale regional partitions are first presented to be the frames of reference at multiple levels of scale. Multi‐scale locations are then formalized to relate multiple representations of the same objects to the multiple frames of reference by topological relations. Since spatial objects, frames of reference, and topological relations in qualitative locations are scale dependent, scale transformation approaches are presented to derive possible coarse locations from detailed locations by incorporating polygon merging, polygon‐to‐line and polygon‐to‐point operators.     

用传输矩阵方法研究多层介质增透膜的透射特性

利用麦克斯韦方程组和边界条件,推导出由高低折射率介质组成周期性的多层增透膜系的传输矩阵,用传输性矩阵求出增透膜系的反射率和透射率表示式,采用Maple语言和数值计算方法得到4层和8层高反射膜系的反射率随入射光波长变化曲线,分析和讨论入射光的入射角对反射率和透射率的影响.得到的结果有利于对多层介质增透膜系结构的理解,为光学仪器镀膜的设计提供了理论依据.