Analytical investigations of seismic responses for reinforced concrete bridge columns subjected to strong near-fault ground motion

Strong near-fault ground motion, usually caused by the fault-rupture and characterized by a pulse-like velocity- wave form, often causes dramatic instantaneous seismic energy (Jadhav and Jangid 2006). Some reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns, even those built according to ductile design principles, were damaged in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the seismic response of a RC bridge column to improve its seismic design and prevent future damage. Nonlinear time history analysis using step-by-step integration is capable of tracing the dynamic response of a structure during the entire vibration period and is able to accommodate the pulsing wave form. However, the accuracy of the numerical results is very sensitive to the modeling of the nonlinear load-deformation relationship of the structural member. FEMA 273 and ATC-40 provide the modeling parameters for structural nonlinear analyses of RC beams and RC columns. They use three parameters to define the plastic rotation angles and a residual strength ratio to describe the nonlinear load- deformation relationship of an RC member. Structural nonlinear analyses are performed based on these parameters. This method provides a convenient way to obtain the nonlinear seismic responses of RC structures. However, the accuracy of the numerical solutions might be further improved. For this purpose, results from a previous study on modeling of the static pushover analyses for RC bridge columns (Sung et al. 2005) is adopted for the nonlinear time history analysis presented herein to evaluate the structural responses excited by a near-fault ground motion. To ensure the reliability of this approach, the numerical results were compared to experimental results. The results confirm that the proposed approach is valid.     

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AND LAND USE IN TAIWAN WUSHEH WATERSHED

ＲＥＳＥＲＶＯＩＲＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＬＡＮＤＵＳＥＩＮＴＡＩＷＡＮＷＵＳＨＥＨＷＡＴＥＲＳＨＥＤＳｕＣｈｉｎＣＨＥＮ１ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＷｕｓｈｅｈＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｉｓａｇｏｒｇｅｔｙｐｅｈｙｄｒｏｐｏｗｅｒＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｏｎＷ...     

地震前低频事件的实验研究

介绍了几种强震前超低频事件的观测证据,并通过实验,研究了产生和传播机理。初步结果表明,微破裂的集结和断层的破裂起始会出现超低频脉冲,并透射到空气中形成次声波。塑性体的冲击或超临界流体的膨胀比脆性破裂更容易激发（超）低频波,且不伴随明显高频辐射成分。这样可以较为合理地解释震前“平衡”背景下的（超）低频事件。对实验中破坏前的低频脉冲给出了断裂力学解释。断裂力学的实验和膨胀－－扩容理论证明了震前会产生断层的张裂隙,从而为超临界流体提供了运移空间。流体在运移过程中突然涨缩会激发（超）低频辐射波。讨论了改进（超）低频事件的观测条件问题。     

云南地区强震活跃期前调制比的中长期近场特征

通过逐年追踪云南地区 3～ 4 5级地震调制比图象 ,在以 0 67≤Rm <1为异常指标基础上研究了调制地震的中长期近场特征 ,发现 :强震活跃期前调制比的异常区预示了活跃期强震的危险区 ;调制比最大值出现在活跃期前 3～ 5年 ,活跃期前 1～ 2年整个云南地区无调制比异常 ;强震连发背景下的后续强震仅在震前 1年异常 ;7级地震间发生的 6 7～ 6 8级地震调制比异常幅度小。     

Capability of Pentavalent Arsenic Bioaccumulation and Biovolatilization of Three Fungal Strains under Laboratory Conditions

In order to control and remediate arsenic (As) contaminated soil, sediment or water, fungi are used to investigate their potential accumulation and volatilization of As. In this study, after cultivation for 2 days, the dry weights of mycelia for Trichoderma asperellum, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium janthinellum all show an increased trend when the As(V) concentration ranges from 0–50, 0–50, 0–80 mg/L, respectively. When the culture system is loaded with 2500 μg As(V), which represents 50 mg/L As, and cultivated for 5 days, P. janthinellum presents the highest efficiency of 87.0 μg/g for As bioaccumulation, and the order of the efficiency for As bioaccumulation is P. janthinellum > T. asperellum > F. oxysporum. However, the order of the amount of volatilized As is F. oxysporum > P. janthinellum > T. asperellum, and the highest amount of volatilized As is observed for F. oxysporum at 181.0 μg. Thus, the ability of As bioaccumulation and biovolatilization for T. asperellum and P. janthinellum is reported for the first time in this study.     

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties Degradation and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Coal Rock Caused by CO2 Injection

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Geological sequestration of greenhouse gases has gained extensive attentions in recent years, but the degradation law of mechanical parameters and the...     

青海天峻新关角隧道涌排水水源识别与量化分析

涌排水严重影响隧道施工与运行安全,查明隧道涌排水的来源,是隧道防水止水重要科学依据.青海天峻新关角隧道南北洞口处的地下水排水量分别为10021,60877 m3/d,两者存在近50000 m3/d的差异,涌排水量大,且来源不明.基于水文地质条件分析,分别采集了新关角隧道隧址区内大气降水、不同类型地下水和隧道出口涌排水水...     

鄱阳湖成因与演变的历史论证

本文通过大量史料分析和地质钻孔证据,认为鄱阳湖大水面形成于公元400年前后,为距今约1600年的年青湖泊。鄱阳湖形成的直接和主导因素是长江主泓道南移到湖口一带,因江水阻碍赣江水的下泄,使湖泊水域向南扩张,到唐初面积最大时曾达6000km~2。之后,鄱阳湖水位和面积的变化主要取决于湖口处长江水位的变化。     

Changes in soil and vegetation on moving sand dunes after exclosure in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land of northern China, land desertification is the main causation in vegetation degradation and formation of moving dunes. A study was conducted from 1996 to 2005 to monitor the changes of vegetation characteristics and soil properties after moving dunes were fenced. The changes were compared between moving sand dunes with exclosure and without exclosure to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation and soil restoration after exclosure establishment. The results show that exlosure establishment facilitated the colonization and development of plant species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Species diversity, average coverage, and plant density significantly increased after exclosure of moving sand dunes along sequence compared with sand dunes without exclosure. Vegetation recovery on moving sand dunes accelerated by exclosure resulted in significant changes in soil properties including increased silt and clay contents, organic C and total N and decreased sand content, especially at the 0-5 cm depth. The results implied that moving sand dunes can be rapidly fixed by construction of exclosure.