Geo-rough space

Rough set is a new approach to uncertainties in spatial analysis. In this paper, rough set symbols are simplified and standardized in terms of rough interpretation and specialized indication. Rough spatial entities and their topological relationships are also proposed in rough space, thus a universal intersected equation is developed, and rough membership function is further extended with the gray scale in our case study. We complete three works. First, a set of simplified rough symbols is advanced on the basis of existing rough symbols. Second, rough spatial entity is put forward to study the real world as it is, without forcing uncertainties into crisp set. Third, rough spatial topological relationships are studied by using rough matrix and their figures. The relationships are divided into three types, crisp entity and crisp entity (CC), rough entity and crisp entity (RC), and rough entity and rough entity (RR). A universal intersected equation is further proposed. Finally, the maximum and minimum maps of river thematic classification are generated via rough membership function and rough relationships in our case study.     

万全断裂的几何结构和活动特征1?

本文根据实地调查和探测资料对万全断裂的几何结构和构造活动进行分析与研究,结果表明：该断裂是洋河盆地北缘断裂带的组成断裂之一,由南、北两段斜列组成,呈北东-北北东走向展布,为正断层,长约15km;断裂在第四纪期间持续活动,控制着附近地区的构造演化和地貌发育：西北侧中生代地层抬升,形成低山丘陵;东南侧地块下降,接受第四纪堆积,构成山间盆地;晚更新世以来单条断层的平均垂直活动速率大于0.03—0.3mm/a。     

中外电气设备抗震设防标准对比分析

It is of great significance to make comparative analyses of seismic fortification criteria at home and abroad for improving the anti-seismic capability of electrical equipment and revising the relevant national standards. A brief overview of American, Japanese, IEC standards and Chinese seismic design codes for electrical equipment is presented. Differences between these seismic fortification standards of electrical equipment are compared and analyzed in respect of the goal and level of seismic fortification and the seismic design spectrum. The advantages and disadvantages of Chinese standards are pointed out. Through learning from foreign experience on the determination of seismic fortification standards, recommendations are made for the improvement and revision of Chinese seismic fortification standards for electrical equipment.     

中外电气设备抗震设防标准对比分析

对比分析国内外电气设备的抗震设防标准,对提高我国电气设备的抗震能力和相关规范的修订具有十分重要的意义。在简要介绍目前美国、日本、IEC系列标准及我国电气设备相关规范的基本情况后,从抗震设防目标、设防水准、抗震设计反应谱等方面对比分析了电气设备抗震设防标准之间的差异,指出了我国相关规范的优缺点。通过借鉴国外电气设备抗震设防标准确定的经验,提出了改进我国电气设备抗震设防及规范修订的建议。     

长春万达广场抗浮锚杆的设计与试验研究

以长春万达广场地下室抗浮锚索工程为例,研究了扩体拉力型锚杆支护在宏观上和微观上的力学作用机理、扩体型锚固体的设计计算、所采用的锚杆扩体部分的扩孔器的内部结构等。在实验结果基础上,得出在土层中采用扩体型锚杆不仅能充分利用土体自身的强度,提高其承载力,改变其锚固体的应力状态,而且能减少锚杆锚固体长度、缩短施工工期、降低工程成本、节约自然资源等结论。最后对扩体型锚索影响承载力的因素、地层适用条件以及它的应用前景进行了探讨和展望。     

Determining air permeability in reclaimed coastal land based on tidal fluctuations

Coastal land reclamation is a common practice in many regions around the World. A reclaimed coastal land often has a two-layer system: a highly permeable layer consisting of crushed rock fragments underneath a less permeable layer. This study deals with vertical airflow in a reclaimed coastal land induced by the periodic variations of water table elevation due to tide fluctuations. The influence of atmospheric pressure fluctuations can be easily dealt with through a simple superposition procedure reported by Li and Jiao, thus is not considered here. A time-series Fourier analysis method is developed to determine air permeability based on a tide-induced airflow model reported by Li and Jiao for the reclaimed coastal land. This method employs the amplitude attenuations of subsurface air pressure to search for values of dimensionless air-leaking-resistance which can be subsequently used to calculate air permeability. Two types of data, the air pressure data in the upper less permeable layer and the tidal fluctuation data, are required to calculate the air permeability. Type curves relating to the amplitude attenuations and the relative depth can also be used to determine the values of air permeability. A field site in Hong Kong International Airport is used to demonstrate the applicability of this method for reclaimed coastal land consisting of a marine sand layer above a layer of crushed rock fragments. The application shows that the amplitude attenuations of diurnal and semi-diurnal components in the Fourier series are most reliable for determining the value of air permeability.     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区中上寒武统白云岩沉积微相

在塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪地区的蓬莱坝剖面发现一套完整的寒武系白云岩地层,对其进行了系统的野外测量、岩性描述、样品采集和镜下观察,作出了完整的地层岩性沉积相综合柱状图,并对其进行沉积相、亚相和微相的分析.在该剖面中,识别出1种相——碳酸盐岩台地相,并进一步分为3种亚相和6种微相,分别为:开阔台地亚相(开阔潮坪、颗粒滩)、局...     

Characteristics of a drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows

The characteristics of a new type of drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows were studied. The intermediate fluid in the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a helical movement, whereas the fluid near the sidewall had a stop-start movement pattern; the viscous debris flow exhibited a stable structure between the indented sills. The experimental results indicate that the mean velocity of the debris flow increased with increasing channel gradients, and the debris flow velocity was slightly affected by the angle of the sills. The average velocity of the non-viscous debris flow increased in the range of(0.5–1.5) interval between the indented sills, whereas the average velocity of the viscous debris flow increased initially and then decreased in the range of(0.75–1.25) interval between the indented sills. The depth of the non-viscous debris flow tended to gradually increase as the channel gradients increased, whereas the depth of the viscous debris flow gradually decreased as the channel gradients increased. When the discharge of the debris flow was constant, the angle and the interval between the indented sills had a slight effect on the depth of the viscous debris flow, whereas the depth of the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a different trend, as the sill angles and intervals were varied.     

基于改进U-Net卷积神经网络的储层预测

传统的U-Net卷积神经网络大多存在深层网络梯度消失的问题。本文在U-Net卷积神经网络中加入残差模块,提出了一种改进U-Net卷积神经网络。残差模块保证了U-Net卷积神经网络在误差反向传播过程中梯度的存在,在一定程度上可以缓解梯度消失的问题。最后将改进U-Net卷积神经网络应用于实际储层预测中,实际数据测试结果表明基于改进U-Net卷积神经网络在岩性识别以及“甜点”预测上均能取得较好的效果。      

张掖盆地壳内电性结构研究

张掖盆地处于青藏高原东北缘,探究该区域的构造活动对于研究青藏高原向东北方向碰撞挤压机制具有重要意义.此次布设3条北东向宽频大地电磁剖面,基于实测数据,通过Bahr分解、相位张量分析和共轭阻抗变换的方法进行了偏离度分析和电性主轴分析;通过NLCG二维反演,获得了沿剖面的电性结构模型.结合研究区地质与地球物理资料进行分析,结果表明:电性结构模型在横向上呈现出分块特点,榆木山和龙首山隆起区对应高阻,走廊过渡带整体表现为低阻;走廊过渡带中存在一壳内低阻层,表现为壳内滑脱;祁连地块中上地壳整体表现为高阻,下地壳电阻率相对较低,以推覆拓展样式延伸至河西走廊地区;阿拉善地块呈"低阻舌状体"俯冲于河西走廊下部,整体形态呈南浅北深.