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981.
利用1961-2005年拉萨0.8 m,1.6 m和3.2 m逐月平均地温,采用气候倾向率、累积距平、信噪比等气候诊断方法,分析了近45年深层平均地温的变化趋势,以及异常、突变等气候特征.结果表明:近45年拉萨0.8 m和1.6 m年平均地温呈极显著的增温趋势,倾向率为(0.58~0.69℃)/10a;0.8 m和1.6 m平均地温倾向率春季最大,秋季最小;3.2 m平均地温却以夏季升幅最大,冬季最小;与同时期平均气温的增温幅度比较,地温增幅更大;20世纪60-90年代0.8 m和1.6 m年平均地温呈明显的逐年代升高趋势;季平均地温20世纪60-70年代均偏低,80年代大部分季节仍略偏低,90年代都表现为正距平;0.8 m,1.6 m和3.2 m年平均地温均在1999年出现了异常偏暖,异常偏冷现象仅发生在1.6 m土层上,时间为1963年;夏季深层平均地温异常偏暖均发生在1999年;冬季0.8 m 和1.6 m平均地温多异常偏冷年份,主要发生在20世纪60年代;1999,2002-2005年冬季3.2 m平均地温异常偏暖;夏、秋季平均地温的气候突变出现在1986年,冬、春季发生在1983年. 相似文献
982.
983.
1954年~2006年介休市降水及干旱气候变化特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据山西省介休市气象局1954年-2006年的降水等资料,分析了介休市近53年来的降水及干旱气候变化.得出:a)近53a来,介休市降水量总体呈减少趋势,减少速度为22.1mm/10a,显著高于全国水平。20世纪90年代减少趋势尤为显著。在季节上,夏、秋降水减少明显,说明降水减少主要是由夏、秋季降水减少造成。b)53年间介休市有2个明显干燥期:20世纪60年代中后期至70年代中期和90年代中后期至本世纪初。干燥系数四季均有增大趋势,但春季增大最为明显。 相似文献
984.
985.
986.
987.
On 11 January 2002, using the Multi-channel Infrared Solar Spectrograph (MISS) at the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO), we obtained Hα, Ca ii 8542 Å and He i 10?830 Å spectra and slit-jaw Hα images of a peculiar solar limb event. A close resemblance of its intensity to that of a small flare and the GOES X-ray flux indicates that it was an active prominence. However, its morphological evolution and velocity variation were different from general typical active prominences, such as limb flares, post-flare loops, surges and sprays. It started with the ejection of material from the flare site. In the early phase, the ejecta was as bright as a limb flare and kept rising until reaching the height of (8????10)×104 km at an almost constant velocity of 91.7 km? s ?1 with its lower part always connected to the solar surface. EUV images in 195 Å show similar structure as in the Hα line, indicating the coexistence of plasmas with temperatures differing by more than two orders of magnitude. Later some material started to fall back to another bright area on the solar surface. The falling material did not show the collimated structure of surges or the arc structure of flaring arches. A red-shift velocity of more than 200 km? s ?1 was detected in a bright point close to the outer edge of the closed loop system formed later, which dispersed in a few minutes and became a part of the newly formed large loop. The ejected material did not leave the sun, indicating that the magnetic reconnection was not sufficient to remove the overlying field lines during the process. The spectral line profiles showed large widths and variable velocities, and therefore the line-pair method is not applicable to this event for the estimation of physical parameters. 相似文献
988.
This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper on the subject of liquefaction potential index (LPI), a parameter that is often used to characterize the potential for surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site subjected to a given shaking level (represented by a pair of peak ground surface acceleration amax and moment magnitude Mw). In the previous paper by Juang and his coworkers, the LPI was re-calibrated for a piezocone penetration test (CPTU) model, and a simplified model based on LPI was created for computing the conditional probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction (PG). In this paper, the model for this conditional probability PG is extended into a complete framework for assessing the probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction in a given exposure time at a given site subjected to all possible ground motions at all seismic hazard levels. This new framework is formulated and demonstrated with an example site in 10 different seismic regions in the United States. 相似文献
989.
New insights into the origin of perylene in geological samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kliti Grice Hong Lu Pia Atahan Muhammad Asif Paul Greenwood Ercin Maslen Kenneth Williford 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(21):6531-6543
The origin of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) perylene in sediments and petroleum has been a matter of continued debate. Reported to occur in Phanerozoic organic matter (OM), fossil crinoids and tropical termite mounds, its mechanism of formation remains unclear. While a combustion source can be excluded, structural similarities to perylene quinone-like components present in e.g. fungi, plants, crinoids and insects, potentially suggest a product-precursor relationship. Here, we report perylene concentrations, 13C/12C, and D/H ratios from a Holocene sediment profile from the Qingpu trench, Yangtze Delta region, China. Perylene concentrations differ from those of pyrogenic PAHs, and rise to prominence in a stratigraphic interval that was dominated by woody vegetation as determined by palynology including fungal spores. In this zone, perylene concentrations exhibit an inverse relationship to the lignin marker guaiacol, D/H ratios between −284‰ and −317‰, similar to the methoxy groups in lignin, as well as co-variation with spores from wood-degrading fungi. 13C/12C of perylene differs from that of land plant wax alkanes and falls in the fractionation range expected for saprophytic fungi that utilise lignin, which is isotopically lighter than cellulose and whole wood. During progressive lignin degradation, the relative carbon isotopic ratio of the perylene decreases. We therefore hypothesise a relationship of perylene to the activity of wood-degrading fungi. To support our hypothesis, we analysed a wide range of Phanerozoic sediments and oils, and found perylene to generally be present in subordinate amounts before the evolutionary rise of vascular plants, and to be generally absent from marine-sourced oils, few exceptions being attributed perhaps to a contribution of marine and/or terrestrial-derived fungi, anoxia (especially under marine conditions) and/or contamination of core material by fungi. A series of low-molecular-weight aromatic quinones bearing the perylene-backbone were detected in Devonian and Cretaceous sediments, potentially representing precursor components to perylene. 相似文献
990.
Hong Lu Tengshui Chen Kliti Grice Paul Greenwood Ping’an Peng Guoying Sheng 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(8):902-911
An unusual series of C22–C27 monounsaturated sterenes and C24–C30 tetracyclic terpanes (17,21-secohopanes) were detected in relatively high concentrations in an immature evaporitic marl sediment of the Jinxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, North China. The site of unsaturation in these novel sterenes is assigned tentatively to the D ring on the basis of mass spectral interpretation, which also distinguishes them from reported unsaturated sterenes. Other hydrocarbon biomarker or stable isotope characteristics are indicative of microbial (e.g. methyl hopanes), phytoplankton or higher plant (depleted δ13C values of isoprenoids and hopanes) inputs and an anoxic carbonate depositional environment (hexacyclic hopanes; tetracyclic terpanes). The hydrocarbon composition showed no obvious biodegradation and the relatively high concentration of unsaturated terpenoids (e.g. gammacerene) and low values of other established maturity parameters (Ts/Tm = 0.23; Ro = 0.44%; Tmax = 417 °C), are consistent with sediments of low maturity. The novel, low molecular weight sterenes and the tetracyclic terpanes may be early diagenetic products of microbial sources in a carbonate environment. 相似文献