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排序方式: 共有157条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
101.
Seiichi Miura Shuichi Kodaira Ayako Nakanishi Tetsuro Tsuru Narumi Takahashi Naoshi Hirata Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Tectonophysics》2003,363(1-2):79-102
The Japan Trench is a plate convergent zone where the Pacific Plate is subducting below the Japanese islands. Many earthquakes occur associated with plate convergence, and the hypocenter distribution is variable along the Japan Trench. In order to investigate the detailed structure in the southern Japan Trench and to understand the variation of seismicity around the Japan Trench, a wide-angle seismic survey was conducted in the southern Japan Trench fore-arc region in 1998. Ocean bottom seismometers (15) were deployed on two seismic lines: one parallel to the trench axis and one perpendicular. Velocity structures along two seismic lines were determined by velocity modeling of travel time ray-tracing method. Results from the experiment show that the island arc Moho is 18–20 km in depth and consists of four layers: Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, island arc upper and lower crust. The uppermost mantle of the island arc (mantle wedge) extends to 110 km landward of the trench axis. The P-wave velocity of the mantle wedge is laterally heterogeneous: 7.4 km/s at the tip of the mantle wedge and 7.9 km/s below the coastline. An interplate layer is constrained in the subducting oceanic crust. The thickness of the interplate layer is about 1 km for a velocity of 4 km/s. Interplate layer at the plate boundary may cause weak interplate coupling and low seismicity near the trench axis. Low P-wave velocity mantle wedge is also consistent with weak interplate coupling. Thick interplate layer and heterogeneous P-wave velocity of mantle wedge may be associated with the variation of seismic activity. 相似文献
102.
Compressional wave velocity of granite and amphibolite up to melting temperatures at 1 GPa 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Compressional wave velocities (VP) at above-solidus temperatures and at 1 GPa were obtained for a granite and amphibolite, which are considered to be major constituents of the continental crust. The temperature variation of velocities showed that the VP values of granite decreased with rising temperature, but substantially increased beyond the melting temperature (850–900 °C). Such an increase may be caused by the α–β transition of quartz. The velocities of amphibolite decreased linearly with increasing temperature and dropped sharply at temperatures above the solidus (700 °C), indicating that partial melting of amphibolite acts to significantly lower the seismic velocities. 相似文献
103.
K–Ar geochronology of a Quaternary monogenetic volcano group in Ojika Jima District, Southwest Japan
Masafumi Sudo Kozo Uto Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Kazunori Matsui 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,60(3):171-186
An unspiked K–Ar dating method using a mass-fractionation correction procedure was applied to a Quaternary independent group
of monogenetic volcanoes, Ojikajima Volcano Group, located in northwestern Kyushu in Southwest Japan, in order to clarify
in detail secular variations in eruptive volume, locations of eruptive vents, and magma compositions in a single monogenetic
volcano group. The major results were as follows: (a) K–Ar ages of monogenetic volcanoes distribute from 1.08 to 0.30 Ma,
with voluminous peaks at approximately 1.0 and 0.6 Ma. (b) The volcanic activity commenced in the central part of the field,
expanded to the whole field at approximately 0.6 Ma, and then shrank to the central area. (3) Concentrations of incompatible
elements, such as Ba, K, and Nb, increase with decreasing age, whereas P, Y, and Zr concentrations remain constant. These
concentrations suggest gradual decrease in the degree of partial melting from an identical mantle source with residual garnet.
Received: 15 December 1997 / Accepted: 23 May 1998 相似文献
104.
Dia Sotto Alibo Hiroshi Amakawa Yoshiyuki Nozaki 《Journal of Earth System Science》1998,107(4):359-366
Two methods have been developed to measure indium (In) in natural waters by flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICPMS). One is the isotope dilution technique using an113In enriched spike and the other utilizes natural yttrium present in the sample as an internal standard. In the former, optimization
of the113In spike to minimize error is often difficult for samples in which In concentrations are variable, whereas in the latter method,
a separate determination of Y in the sample is necessary and hence more sample is required. Using about 1 liter of a water
sample, 200 fold preconcentration of In was performed by solvent extraction and back extraction technique and then introduced
into the ICPMS to measure the113In/115In or115In/89Y ratios. The detection limits were 0.01–0.02 pmol kg−1 for both methods.
Application of the methods to seawater samples yielded the concentrations of 0.06–0.15 pmol kg−1 for the Pacific and 0.6–1.5 pmol kg−1 for the Atlantic. The large inter-oceanic variation of In best resembles that of Al amongst the 3B group of elements in the
periodic table. River and estuarine samples gave a more variable range of concentrations of 0.01–15 pmol kg−1. Most of the In supplied by rivers is removed by scavenging in the estuarine mixing zone, suggesting that the fluvial input
of In to the ocean is small. 相似文献
105.
106.
Vertical profiles for the uranium-series radioisotopes 210Pb and 210Po were obtained at thetwo hydrothermal vent sites, the Iheya Ridge and the Minami-Ensei Knoll, in the Mid-Okinawa Trough in 1993 and 1994, respectively. In 1995, both radioisotopes were measured at the Minami-Ensei Knoll a-gain. At the Iheya Ridge, where the hydrothermal activity is not active as reflected by the CH_4, and 222Rn data, both the total 210Pb and 210Po activities show deficiency relative to their parents, and the mean residence time of 210Pb and 210Po is approximately equal to 20 and 2-5 a, respectively. At the Minami-Ensei Knoll, which is characterized by black smokers, the total 210Pb(0.167 × 10~(-3)-2.5 × 10~(-3)_ Bq/kg) around the plumes is deficient relative to 226Ra but the total 210Po activities (1.83 × 10 ~(-3) - 2.83 × 10~(-3) Bq/kg) are in excess relative to 210Pb. The 210Po activities are higher than those in the East China Sea and the Okinawa Trough and excess 210Po has been found. The 210Pb/226Ra and 210Po/ 相似文献
107.
Yayoi Hongo Hajime Obata Dia Sotto Alibo Yoshiyuki Nozaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(4):441-455
The concentration of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) were determined at 47 stations in the North Pacific surface waters.
Combining with other previous data, we present the surface REE distribution in the North Pacific and discuss the controlling
factors. The surface concentrations increase toward the high latitude and continental margin (e.g. [Nd] > 10 pmol kg−1) from the central North Pacific (e.g. [Nd] < 5 pmol kg−1). The North Pacific Deep Water-normalized REE patterns are varied, indicating that two or more factors contribute to the
REE distribution. We examined four factors making the regional variation of surface REE concentrations mainly; a) particle
scavenging, b) atmospheric dust input, c) vertical mixing and d) lateral transport from the coastal region. Flux calculations
for Nd showed that the influence of atmospheric dust was less significant than the vertical input even in the western upwelling
zone. Moreover, the longitudinal and latitudinal transitions of surface REE seem to reflect the lateral supply from the coastal
areas. We constructed the diagram of surface Er/Lu and Er/Yb molar ratios in order to assess the origin and the input processes
of the surface REE. Both molar ratios showed increasing trend toward PEW (Er/Lu (>10.5) and Er/Yb (>1.4)) from PSUW (Er/Lu
(>7) and Er/Yb (>1.2)). The high Er/Lu and Er/Yb ratios in PEW indicate that the lateral supply of terrestrial materials from
the coastal area is possibly the important factor in PEW, because only weathering and dissolution of rocks can explain such
high Er/Lu and Er/Yb ratios to our knowledge. 相似文献
108.
This is the first detailed study on the distribution of lead-210 in the Japan Sea water. The content of lead-210 ranged from 9.3±2.1 dph/l in the surface water to 3.4+-0.8 dph/l in the deep water—a quite low content as compared to that in the deep water of the North Pacific. Vertical profiles show that the content of lead-210 abruptly decreases below the seasonal thermocline (10–20 m in depth) and nearly uniform in the deep water. It is suggested that a significant amount of air-borne lead-210 deposited over the Japan Sea is transported along with the Tsushima Current to the open ocean. The budget of lead-210 is calculated by using a simple box-model and the mean residence time of lead-210 in the Japan Sea is estimated to be 15 yr. 相似文献
109.
Yoshiyuki Tatsumi Mitsuhiro Murasaki Edy M. Arsadi Susumu Nonda 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1991,107(2):137-149
Major and trace element, and Sr-Nd isotope compositions were determined for Quaternary volcanic rocks from NE Sulawesi (the Sangihe are), Indonesia, in order to examine the origin of across-arc variation in lava and magma source chemistry. The arc is formed in an intraoceanic tectonic setting and is not associated with a backarc basin, thereby minimizing possible contributions from non-arc geochemical reservoirs. The geochemistry of these arc lavas is likely to provide essential information about the chemical characteristics of subduction components. All incompatible elements, except Pb, increase away from the volcancic front. Major element data for Mg-rich lavas together with available experimental data, suggest that primary magmas are produced at higher pressured by smaller degrees of partial melting beneath the backarc-side volcanoes. Rb/K and Ba/Pb are higher, and 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd are lower in backarc-side lavas. These variations may be attributed to generation of hydrous fluids in the downdragged hydrous peridotite layer at the base of the mantle wedge through the following reactions: decompositions of pargasitic amphibole to form phlogopite and breakdown of phlogopite to crystallize K-richterite, beneath the volcanic front and the backarc-side volcanoes, respectively. 相似文献
110.