COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MACRO- AND MICRO-PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DENSE FOG IN THE AREA SOUTH OF THE NANLING MOUNTAINS

Using the composite field observational data collected in the area south of the Nanling Mts. and numerical modeling, the seasonal features of dense fog and visibility, fog drop spectrum and physical concept of fog forming have been analyzed. The occurring frequency of low visibility（≤200 m） is very high with a mean of 24.7%, a maximum of 41.8% from the end of autumn to winter and next spring. The fog processes that occur in the area south of the Nanling Mts. in spring and winter result from the interactions of complicated micro-physical processes, the local terrain, water vapor transportation and the influencing weather system. The fog processes are arisen from advection or windward slope, which is much different from the radiation fog. Cooling condensation due to the air lifted by the local mountain plays an important role in fog formation. Windward slope of the mountain is favorable to the fog formation. Dense fog can occur at lower altitudes in the windward slope of mountain, resulting in the lower visibility. The fog is mainly of small-drop spectrum with smaller number-density than that of urban fog, and its drop spectrum has descending trend in the section of smaller diameter. The inverse relationship between fog water content and visibility is the best among several relationships of micro-variables. In addition to micro-physical processes of fog body itself, the motion of irregular climbing and crossing over hillside while the fog body is being transported by the wind are also important reasons for the fluctuation of micro-physical parameters such as fog water content.     

THE APPLICATION OF IMAGE-BASED MODELING IN PALEOEARTHQUAKE TRENCH STUDY

The geological structure exposed by paleoearthquake trenches is the key material to the right cognition of fault activity and paleoearthquake. However, paleoearthquake trenching inevitably destroys active tectonic geomorphic evidence and trench exposures are usually difficult to reserve. The conventional process of recording the delicate geological information, manually constructing photomosaics by image-editing software, is time-consuming and produces undesirable artificial distortions. Herein, we explored the process of constructing trench orthophotomosaics and the 3D image model using the Image-based Modeling technology and applied it to the Liutiaohe trench across the Tianqiaogou-Huangyangchuan Fault, Gansu Province. Based on the 3D image modeling and orthophotomosaic, we firstly constructed the control points and scale bars on cleaned trench walls and collected photos of all sections of the trench with a digital camera in the field, and then reconstructed the 3D model of the trench through the Agisoft PhotoScan, an efficient image-based modeling software, and finally yielded the 3D image model of the trench and othophotomasaics of the trench exposures. The results show that the automated workflow can produce seamless, sub-millimeter-level high-resolution photomosaics more quickly, with precision in the centimeter range, and the 3D image model is of great help to identify strata and geological structures in trenches with much lower capital and labor costs and low expertise levels compared with LiDAR, meanwhile, the 3D archive benefits the share and communication and even allows future reinterpreting the site using new insights.     

邢台地区地壳各向异性特征初步研究

邢台地区处于华北平原地震带中南段, 是华北地区活跃的地震活动区。 本研究根据该地区的构造环境, 采用SAM方法研究地壳各向异性特征, 通过对邢台地区台站的数字波形进行分析, 初步得到邢台地区的剪切波分裂参数, 该地区的快剪切波平均偏振方向为73.9°±40.2°, 慢剪切波平均时间延迟为(2.74±1.54) ms/km。 结果表明, 快剪切波平均偏振方向与华北区域最大主压应力场方向基本一致, 但是受到局部断裂的制约, 部分台站下方的快剪切波的偏振方向显示为NWW方向。     

多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载作用下路基振动响应研究

针对多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载振动作用下的动稳定性,通过对北麓河和二道沟三个典型铁路路基横断面振动响应的二分量加速度观测,对比分析客运列车和货运列车引起的路基振动特性和衰减规律,研究不同防护形式路基的列车振动响应。结果表明,路基上的振动作用主要集中在40～80Hz频率范围内;防护形式对路基的列车动力响应有明显影响,热棒加碎石路基动力响应最小,其次为碎石防护路基,未采取任何防护的路基铁轨上的动力响应最大,建议对未采取防护的路基进行防护。分析结论为青藏铁路列车作用下的路基动稳定性评估提供实测依据,对多年冻土区的路基稳定性研究提供参考。     

饱和土体-地下综合管廊结构地震响应分析

将土体视为固-液两相介质,基于饱和土体有效应力原理,建立饱和土体-地下综合管廊结构体系相互作用动力模型:在地应力平衡的静力状态下采用Duncan-Chang非线性弹性本构模型,在地震波作用的动力状态下采用Davidenkov非线性黏弹性本构模型;考虑饱和土体黏弹性动力人工边界条件,将地震动作用转化为作用在人工边界节点上的动力荷载。模型考察不同地震波时程、地震波加速度峰值、入射角度、孔隙率以及地应力场的影响,得出如下结论:(1)地震波的卓越周期与场地卓越周期相近时引起结构上的变形最大;随着地震波加速度峰值的增大结构变形增大;随着地震波入射角度的增加结构变形增大,地震波斜入射情况下产生的行波效应使得结构变形最大。(2)土体材料的孔隙水压力是影响地震中结构变形的主要因素之一。(3)将土体材料考虑为单相介质时结构上的变形要比考虑为固-液两相介质时大得多,直接将饱和土体场地中得到的地震波等效荷载施加到单相土介质-结构动力相互作用模型上,能够得到与完全基于有效应力法一致的结果。     

基于X射线连续谱的光子计数探测器能量标定方法

随着探测器技术的发展,具有能量分辨能力的光子计数探测器在X射线能谱CT成像中应用越来越广泛。能量与阈值的对应关系对能谱CT成像具有重要意义,受到实验条件的限制,目前的光子计数探测器的能量标定方法有一定的局限性。针对光子计数探测器的单像素标定问题,本文提出一种基于X射线光机连续谱的能量标定方法,通过建立和分析X光谱模型,利用光机连续谱中高能端的能量信息,得到阈值与能量之间的关系。实验结果表明该方法操作方便,对探测器单像素标定结果较为准确,对其他类型光子计数探测器的标定具有参考意义。      

利用剖面浅析鄂尔多斯西南缘Q值与断层展布的关系

根据鄂尔多斯西南缘地区已知断层及地震分布,切出6条剖面。利用国家测震台网数据备份中心提供的2009年1月至2015年11月的地震波形数据,选取震级范围为M_L1.8~6.7,震中距小于800km的1820个地震事件的16156条Pg波到时数据,计算得到剖面Q值分布。结果表明:Q值分布与断层展布密切相关。在断层两侧,Q值会发生明显的横向梯度变化;Q值随深度变化也呈现出一定的不均匀性。推测香山—天景山断裂为一条浅部断裂,会宁—义岗断裂切割较深;岷县地区、清水—徽县一带均有一条隐伏断裂存在于中上地壳。     

多尺度特征融合深度学习建筑物的提取方法

提出一种基于多尺度特征融合的建筑物提取方法,结合新的网络DenseASPP-UNet,以实现影像多尺度特征的融合,进而高精度提取建筑物.通过Inria开源建筑物航空影像数据集进行验证,表明DenseASPP-UNet相比其他深度学习方法建筑物提取精度有很大的提升.     

影响湛江的热带气旋路径、登陆地点和增水关系探讨

本文根据影响湛江的典型热带气旋和风暴潮增水资料,系统地分析了热带气旋登陆地点、路径等要素和湛江港增水的关系。结果表明,湛江港发生的增水极值时间和增水形式因热带气旋登陆地点和路径的不同而异。从动力学进一步分析也表明,湛江港的增水类型与热带气旋登陆地点和路径关系非常密切。本文最后还讨论共振现象对湛江港增水的影响。