泥石流排导结构耦合磨损随机过程建模及分析

泥石流排导结构对于减轻泥石流对周围建筑物的损毁起到了显著作用,但目前大多数排导结构难以抵御泥石流的强烈侵蚀磨损和周围环境恶劣时伴随产生的腐蚀磨损。首先,通过分析泥石流排导结构侵蚀和腐蚀磨损机理,应用相关磨损量计算公式,提出了考虑侵蚀和腐蚀的泥石流排导结构耦合磨损计算公式。然后,以此为基础,针对磨损过程的动态性和随机性,建立了泥石流排导结构耦合磨损随机过程模型,推导了任意时刻磨损量的分布函数,实现了评估泥石流排导结构的动态可靠性和概率失效时间。最后,通过具体算例分析验证了模型的实用性,可为今后泥石流排导结构的磨损定量评估提供理论参考。     

线阵影像GC3多视匹配模型的匹配方向线研究

针对线阵影像的几何成像特点,介绍了GC3及其改进匹配模型的匹配原理;根据模拟参数,推导了GC3多视匹配模型的同轨立体匹配方向线、异轨立体匹配方向线严密函数表达式,给出了匹配方向线分析结论;分别采用模拟数据与ADS40影像数据进行了实验分析,实验结果证明：在实际匹配过程中,匹配方向线在局部范围内可近似为直线使用。     

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一种利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法

数字正射影像是测绘地理信息服务的基础数据之一。根据生产单位数据现状和对遥感影像数字水印的需求,本文综合利用影像的光谱、纹理和属性特征,提出了利用影像多尺度特征的DOM不可见水印方法。该方法首先结合小波分解和Harris特征算子提取影像多尺度特征,确定多水印的最佳嵌入区域;再利用扩频化的DWT算法嵌入不可见数字水印;最后利用影像属性信息辅助提取水印。本文从主观分析、客观分析和鲁棒性分析3个方面评价了嵌入水印影像,分析结果表明,该方法能够自动、有效地在DOM上嵌入多个不可见数字水印,多水印嵌入和影像属性信息相结合提取水印的策略极大提高了水印鲁棒性和水印检测成功率,可以满足实际生产对水印不可见性、安全性、高效性和鲁棒性的要求。     

北阿尔金白尖山地区花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

白尖山花岗闪长岩位于北阿尔金红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带东段,呈大套岩株状产出于拉配泉岩群之中。该花岗闪长岩具有较低的SiO_2含量(62.58%～65.05%),富CaO(4.02%～4.98%),铝饱和指数A/CNK1.0(0.89～0.98),富集K、Rb、Ba,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti,属于准铝质钙碱性岩石系列,具I型花岗岩的特征;其稀土元素∑REE=90.2～137.8μg/g,具有轻重稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土元素相对富集的特点,具弱的Eu负异常(δEu_N=0.84～0.92)。该岩石变化范围较大的锆石Hf同位素组成(ε_(Hf)(t)=-2.96～7.99)可能与源区物质不充分的岩浆混染有关,结合地球化学特征及其与实验岩石学资料的对比,其形成应为洋壳俯冲时板片脱水诱发下地壳基性岩石部分熔融产生的初始岩浆结晶作用的产物,同时在岩浆侵位过程中还受到上地壳物质(杂砂岩等)的混染。锆石U-Pb年龄为475.2±2.0Ma,结合锆石CL图像具有岩浆环带特征和Th/U值(0.30～0.75),推断该年龄为花岗闪长岩的形成年龄。综合区域地质背景,本次研究的白尖山花岗闪长岩应为红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带东部地区早古生代洋壳俯冲岛弧岩浆活动的组成部分,与西部红柳沟地区(恰什坎萨依及巴什考供盆地北缘)的花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩共同构成北阿尔金早古生代洋壳俯冲产生的岛弧岩浆岩带。此外,由西到东红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带的南北两侧均发育早古生代与洋壳俯冲有关的花岗质岩石,表明整个北阿尔金洋俯冲时期可能具有双向性。     

季节性放牧对黄河源区高寒草甸植被耗水量及水分利用效率的影响

研究季节性放牧对植被耗水量、水分利用效率的影响,是探索如何提高高寒草甸水源涵养能力的重要内容之一。以青藏高原三江源高寒草甸季节性放牧样地与自然放牧样地为研究对象,分析了季节性放牧和自然放牧条件下高寒草甸植被耗水量、水分盈亏量、水分利用效率（WUE）的动态变化及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明：在植被生长季（5-9月）,季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地植被耗水量在5月开始增加, 7月达最高,分别为160.94 mm和145.96 mm,季节性放牧样地植被总耗水量（395.52 mm）比自然放牧样地（348.14 mm）高13.61%。生长季平均来看,季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地5-9月水分正盈余,分别为13.58 mm和70.96 mm,但在植物生长旺季（8月）略有亏缺。季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地植被耗水量均与降水量呈弱的正相关关系。季节性放牧样地植被地上净初级生产量（ANPP）、地下净初级生产量（BNPP）和总的净初级生产量（NPP）比自然放牧样地分别高32.54 g·m^-2、5.96 g·m^-2、38.50 g·m^-2,季节性放牧样地ANPP的水分利用效率（WUE）比自然放牧样地高53.85%,而BNPP、NPP的WUE比自然放牧样地分别低13.06%和9.97%。这表明,季节性放牧可提高植被生产量和耗水量,但对高寒草甸WUE的影响因放牧方式不同导致地上、地下生物量分配格局不同而有所差异。     

Iron Isotopic Fractionation and Origin of Chromitites in the Paleo-Moho Transition Zone of the Kop Ophiolite, NE Turkey

The Kop ophiolite in NE Turkey is a fragment of Neo-Tethyan forearc.It can be mainly divided into a paleo-Moho transition zone(MTZ)in the North and a harzburgitic mantle sequence in the South.Dunites are predominant in the MTZ of the Kop ophiolite,and they are locally interlayered with chromitites and enclose minor bodies of harzburgites near the petrological Moho boundary.Large Fe isotopic variations were observed for magnesiochromite(-0.14‰to 0.06‰)and olivine(-0.12‰to 0.14‰)from the MTZ chromitites,dunites and harzburgites.In individual dunite samples,magnesiochromite usually has lighter Fe isotopic compositions than olivine,which was probably caused by subsolidus Mg-Fe exchange between the two mineral phases.Both magnesiochromite and olivine display an increasing trend ofδ56Fe along a profile from chromitite todunite.This trend reflects continuous fractional crystallization in a magma chamber,which resulted in heavier Fe isotopes concentrated in the evolved magmas.In each cumulative cycle of chromitite and dunite,dunite was formed from relatively evolved melts after massive precipitation of magnesiochromite.Mixing of more primitive and evolved melts in the magma chamber was a potential mechanism for triggering the crystallization of magnesiochromite,generating chromitite layers in the cumulate pile.Before mixing happened,the primitive melts had reacted with mantle harzburgites during their ascendance;whereas the evolved melts may lie on the olivine-chromite cotectic near the liquidus field of pyroxene.Variable degrees of magma mixing and differentiation are expected to generate melts with differentδ56Fe values,accounting for the Fe isotopic variations of the Kop MTZ.     

Trace Element Geochemistry of Devonian Strata in the Shizhuyuan Ore District, Hunan Province

<正>1 Introduction Both the Qiziqiao Formation and Shetianqiao Formation,which controls the occurrence and distribution of a great deal of metal mineral resources,are extensively developed in southern Hunan province(Liu et al.,1998),showing quite important indicative significance to deep concealed metal mineral resources(Yu et al.,2003).The geochemistry characteristics of Devonian strata could not affect the spatial occurrence shape of orebody     

Assimilation of sea surface temperature into CECOM by flux correction

Sea surface temperature (SST) from a near real-time data set produced from satellites data has been assimilated into a coupled ice–ocean forecasting model (Canadian East Coast Ocean Model) using an efficient data assimilation method. The method is based on an optimal interpolation scheme by which SST is melded into the model through the adjustment of surface heat flux. The magnitude and space–time variation of the adjustment depend on the depth of heat diffusion into the water column in response to changes in surface flux, the correlation time scale of the data, and model and data errors. The diffusion depth is scaled by the eddy diffusivity for temperature. The ratio of the model and data errors is treated as an adjustable parameter. To evaluate the quality of the assimilation, the results from the model with and without assimilation are compared to independent ship data from the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program and the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. It is shown that the assimilation has a significant impact on the modeled SST, reducing the root mean square difference (RMSD) between the model SST and the ship SST by 0.63°C or 37%. The RMSD of the assimilated SST is smaller than that of the satellite SST by 0.23°C. This suggests that model simulations or predictions with data assimilation can provide the best estimate of the true SST. A sensitivity study is performed to examine the change of the model RMSD with the adjustable parameter in the assimilation equation. The results show that there is an optimal value of the parameter and the model SST is not very sensitive to the parameter.     

黑龙江地区上地幔各向异性研究

采用黑龙江数字地震台网2012-01～2014-07间23个宽频带地震台站记录的远震SKS波形资料,利用Splitlab 软件对黑龙江地区进行剪切波分裂的分析研究,使用最小能量法、旋转相关法和最小特征值法计算所有观测台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快、慢波的延迟时间,最终得到黑龙江省上地幔各向异性图像。结果显示,黑龙江地区上地幔地震各向异性比较明显,快波偏振方向与主张应力方向基本一致,与GPS得出的速度场方向相符,说明该地区的壳幔耦合可能存在垂直连贯性。