莒南县路网中心性对建设用地时空格局的影响

针对道路网络复杂性如何影响城市建设用地时空演变这一问题,该文以莒南县为例,计算道路网络中心性指标,并应用地理探测器定量分析其对建设用地时空格局的影响.结果表明:①莒南县道路网络中,全局临近中心性单中心特征强烈,全局介数中心性、直达中心性则表现出多中心的空间态势.②道路网络中心性特征与建设用地空间分布显著相关,全局路网通达效率、通达度对建设用地空间布局影响强烈.③道路网络中心性指标对建设用地扩张均有显著影响,其中又以全局直达中心性对建设用地扩张的影响力最强.     

Study on biogenic amines in various dry salted fish consumed in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biogenic amines（BAs）, physicochemical property and microorganisms in dry salted fish, a traditional aquatic food consumed in China. Forty three samples of dry salted fish were gathered from retail and wholesale markets and manufacturers, which had been produced in various regions in China. Cadaverine（CAD） and putrescine（PUT） were quantitatively the most common biogenic amines. About 14% of the samples exceeded the histamine content standards established by the FDA and/or EU. The highest histamine content was found in Silver pomfret（Pampus argenteus）(347.79 mg kg^-1). Five of forty three samples exceeded the acceptable content of TYR(100 mg kg^-1), and 23.26% of dried-salted fish contained high contents of biogenic amines(above 600 mg kg^-1). In addition, species, regions, pickling processes and drying methods made the physicochemical property, microorganisms and biogenic amines in dry salted fish to be different to some extents. The total plate count（TPC） was much higher than that of total halophilic bacteria in all samples. The biogenic amines, physicochemical property and microbiological counts exhibited large variations among samples. Furthermore, no significant correlation between biogenic amines and physicochemical property and TPC was observed. This study indicated that dry salted fish may still present healthy risk for BAs, depending on the processing methods, storage conditions among others.     

河北省主要农作物生产时空格局变化特征及安全评价

阐述主要粮食作物的时空格局变化特征,对中国粮食安全决策意义重大。基于河北省县市近15 a (2001~2015年）的农业数据资料,采用分段线性趋势以及生产指标-产量波动系数来分析河北省主要粮食作物的时空变化特征,并对河北省粮食作物进行安全评价。结果表明：从产量与播种面积来看,近15 a河北省主要粮食作物变化趋势经历了由波动减少到稳步增长2个阶段,且变化趋势显著;从空间格局变化来看,大致呈由南向北逐渐递减的规律分布,其中不同农作物分布规律各有差异;从粮食安全方面来看,河北省70%以上年份粮食波动系数均超过中国粮食安全平均水平,粮食波动系数较高,粮食安全风险较大;但从人均粮食产量来看,安全程度相对比较乐观,粮食安全状况渐趋于平稳。研究可为河北省粮食生产时空布局的优化、结构调整与社会经济协调发展提供依据。     

莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础,对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究,同时与历史资料进行对比,探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种,其中包括环节动物多毛类122种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物64种,棘皮动物18种,鱼类9种,其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m², 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势;平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m²,软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性,低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域,高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显,夏季最高,秋季其次,春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现,莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。     

渤海湾西北岸滨海湖埋藏牡蛎礁硅藻及其记录的古环境

对位于渤海湾西北岸平原的滨海湖埋藏牡蛎礁中各层牡蛎壳的泥质充填物做硅藻分析,整个牡蛎礁中海水砂质潮间带指标种标志种的Auliscus caelatus含量较高,为19%~42%,表明滨海湖礁体形成于潮间带环境。根据主要硅藻含量的变化,结合14C测年,自下而上将礁体发育期间的古环境分为3个带:I带为2 445~2 327 cal.aBP,礁体在向上建礁的过程中,海水作用逐渐减弱,潮间带特征愈加明显,为受河流影响较强且较为开放的潟湖潮间带环境;Ⅱ带咸水种硅藻Thalassionema nitzschioides的比例急剧增加;外洋指标种的Coscinodiscus spp.和Actinocyclus spp.急剧下降,表明在约2 327 cal.aBP,海岸带砂嘴闭合,形成较为封闭的潟湖内侧潮间带环境,且河流作用减弱导致潟湖的咸度明显增加;Ⅲ带为2 327~2 287 cal.aBP,由封闭的潟湖环境又转向较开放的潟湖潮间带环境。     

舟山钓梁垦区海域沉积物重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

2007年8月和12月两次对舟山钓梁垦区周围的沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和有机碳(OC)、硫化物(HS)的含量进行了全样分析。元素Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的含量在8月测次中分别为1 51.85～1 94.85 ug/g、43.75～56.25 ug/g、0.1～0.11 ug/g和20.37～25.22ug/g,12月测次分别为109.6～144.97 ug/g、31.25～50.00 ug/g、0.01～0.07 ug/g和22.7～30.93 ug/g。受物源和各组分的生物地球化学特征的影响,Cu和Cd的含量冬季高于夏季,而Pb和Zn则夏季明显高于冬季。受当地水动力条件和冲淤影响,8月和12月各组分的空间分布状况有所差别,表现为冬季高含量区向西南偏移。Lars Ha-kanson潜在生态风险评价结果表明,研究区域内各重金属含量均超过了浅海沉积物中质量标准,但各金属元素单因子生态风险系数相对较小,属于轻度风险,总的潜在生态风险程度属于中度,12月潜在生态风险指数明显大于8月。     

欧洲鳗鲡胃肠道激素免疫组织化学的研究

用免疫组织化学技术研究了9种哺乳动物胃肠道激素抗体在正常生长欧鳗和僵鳗胃肠道的定位分布,研究结果表明,5－HT,SOM,GAS,α－1－AT和P物质免疫活性内分泌细胞存在于正常鳗和僵鳗胃肠道中,其余4种抗体显阴性反应,文中讨论了胃肠道激素在僵鳗成因中可能的生理作用。     

不同水温对文昌鱼性腺发育的影响

研究表明，不同水温对文昌鱼性腺发育分化和成熟有十分显著的影响。１４℃对文昌鱼性腺发育没有显著的作用，２０和２５℃十分有利于性腺发育和成熟，经４０ｄ培养，出现一些雌、雄文昌鱼产卵和释精以及加速性腺发育。本文还讨论了水温促进性腺发育可能的机制。     

卵形鲳鲹早期卵子发生显微及超微结构的研究

本文研究了卵形鲳鲹早期卵子发生的显微与超微结构特点。研究结果表明在1～2龄鱼卵巢中卵原细胞进入首次成熟分裂前期的结构特点，3～4龄鱼才开始进入小生长期，文中讨论了此鱼性腺成熟的年龄以及如何加速性腺发育，为人工繁殖提供科学依据。     

营养限制对三种浮游动物的影响

Nutrient imbalance—a mismatch in nutrient ratios between the available food supply and the demands of consumers—has the potential to be transported up food chains,exposing zooplankton to nutrient limitations.In this study,the response of Calanus sinicus(copepod),Moina mongolica(cladocera),and Brachionus plicatilis(rotifer) to nutrient-limited(no-limited,P-limited,and N-limited) food were evaluated from the perspective of growth,reproduction,and stoichiometric homoeostasis.The results indicated that the growth of three species was suppressed under nutrient-limited(especially P-limited) conditions.However,the effect of nutrient limitations on their reproduction was species-specific.For C.sinicus,the dietary UFA(unsaturated fatty acid) as a major phospholipid component affected their egg production and total FA supporting energy promoted the hatchability of eggs.Furthermore,excess carbon in the diet promoted egg production but reduced hatching success.For M.mongolica,nutritional(P and UFA) and energy(total FA) support affected their fecundity.B.plicatilis fecundity exhibited the same pattern of growth(no-limitedN-limitedP-limited).In terms of stoichiometric homeostasis,B.plicatilis' s elemental compositions were less likely to be affected by nutrient limitations than M.mongolica.We suggest that the effects of nutrient imbalances could potentially become an evolutionary force affecting ecosystem structure and stability in eutrophic waters.