Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton

The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied     

A high-precision time–frequency analysis for thin hydrocarbon reservoir identification based on synchroextracting generalized S-transform

Improving the seismic time–frequency resolution is a crucial step for identifying thin reservoirs. In this paper, we propose a new high-precision time–frequency analysis algorithm, synchroextracting generalized S-transform, which exhibits superior performance at characterizing reservoirs and detecting hydrocarbons. This method first calculates time–frequency spectra using generalized S-transform; then, it squeezes all but the most smeared time–frequency coefficients into the instantaneous frequency trajectory and finally obtains highly accurate and energy-concentrated time–frequency spectra. We precisely deduce the mathematical formula of the synchroextracting generalized S-transform. Synthetic signal examples testify that this method can correctly decompose a signal and provide a better time–frequency representation. The results of a synthetic seismic signal and real seismic data demonstrate that this method can identify some reservoirs with thincknesses smaller than a quarter wavelength and can be successfully applied for hydrocarbon detection. In addition, examples of synthetic signals with different levels of Gaussian white noise show that this method can achieve better results under noisy conditions. Hence, the synchroextracting generalized S-transform has great application prospects and merits in seismic signal processing and interpretation.     

碳酸盐岩差异性风化成土特征及其对石漠化形成的影响

碳酸盐岩极低的酸不溶物含量使岩石风化产生的残积土壤物质数量极少，并产生巨大的体积缩小，促使早期形成的残积土在重力作用下不断向下塌陷。显著的差异性风化使基岩面强烈起伏，甚至形成大量的岩溶尘洼地、裂隙、地下管道、洞穴系统等。在重力和水的作用下，土粒沿垂直和水平方向上经微距离或短距离搬运到上述低洼或地下空间中，甚至由地下河带到更远的地方，这是碳酸盐岩地区土壤丢失的重要方式，也是形成石漠化最主要的地质因素。土壤在地表分布高度不均匀，是碳酸盐岩地区的地表少土的重要原因。对于酸不溶物含量相当的石灰岩和白云岩而言，由于白云岩的差异性风化明显弱于石灰岩，以及受各种应力作用后，白云岩形成的节理及裂隙密集而均匀，从而提高了近地表白云岩的含水能力，延长了风化过程中的水－岩反应时间，使风化作用可以相对集中于地表或近地表进行，有利于岩石的整体风化作用的进行，同时使白云岩风化壳基岩面起伏相对较小，风化残积形成的土壤分布也相对均匀。因此，白云岩区地表土层较厚，石漠化程度也稍弱于灰岩区。     

国外测绘业发展现状与我们的对策

介绍了欧美等国家的基础测绘管理、测绘投资和国家空间信息政策的情况。归纳出几个发达国家测绘业发展的主要特点 ,比较分析了我国测绘业发展的主要差距 ,提出加速发展中国测绘业的对策、建议。     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液活动特征

四川盆地中二叠统茅口组存在丰富的热液流体活动。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,利用多种分析测试方法,对四川盆地东部茅口组碳酸盐岩中的热液活动特征进行了探讨。研究区茅口组热液活动包括2类,一类为硅质热液,表现为薄层硅质岩或硅质团块;另一类为碳酸盐型热液,表现为粗晶方解石和白云石充填在张性构造裂缝中或呈"雪片状"集合体,偶见少量黄铁矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物伴生。硅质岩主量元素之间的关系表明硅质来源具有多样性,是热液硅与壳源硅的混合;黄铁矿、闪锌矿原位S同位素δ34S介于-3.91‰~-6.87‰之间,推测可能受到了微生物和基性岩浆岩的双重影响;方解石脉和具鞍状双晶的白云石脉普遍具有Ca O高于标准计量、相对富Sr和U、贫REE和Ti、Ce/Ce*明显负异常、Eu/Eu*主体正异常、Y正异常等特征,表明碳酸盐脉为热液活动的产物,流体来源也呈现出火山活动相关流体与富钙地下水混合的特点。闪锌矿富集Ge和Cd,Zn/Cd及Zn/Fe值反映了中等成矿温度。硅质岩和碳酸盐流体包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,介于54.7~294.3℃之间,与稀土元素和微量元素比值所揭示的特征吻合。研究结果表明,穿层状硅质结核和团块的首次出现往往标志着茅口组热液活动的开始,而张性构造裂缝和碳酸盐型热液活动带来的围岩白云化作用则有效地改善了白云岩储集层的物性。     

五台山西部狐狸山含金韧性剪切带的地球化学研究

狐狸山金矿区，在无蚀变作用参与的韧性变形过程中，岩石化学成分发生了明显的变化。但大多数微量元素含量变化不大，稀土元素配分模式基本不变，它们可以反映原岩的特点。蚀变糜棱岩型矿体与围岩相比，稀土配分模式、亲硫元素Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ和两性元素Ａｓ、Ｓｂ含量差别显著，尤其是Ａｕ含量，前者是后者的百倍～几万倍，金的成矿作用主要与韧性变形后期富金流体的蚀变作用关系密切。     

世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台设计与实现

世界气象中心(北京)建设是中国气象局承担世界气象组织(WMO)的全球数据处理和预报系统(GDPFS)要求的任务,为全球实时气象预报预测业务提供高效丰富的无缝隙天气气候监测、预报、预测分析指导产品及数据产品服务共享,提高区域性国际天气业务会商交流效率,国家气象中心设计并实现了世界气象中心(北京)全球预报服务共享平台,通过分析全球监测、预报预测等业务数据海量、异构、实时性强等特征,采用浏览器/服务器(B/S结构)多层架构和分布式实时处理、任务调度等关键技术实现了全球实况监测、天气模式、气候模式、模式检验数据的高效加工预处理、产品分析制作、产品自动流转、网络服务共享和业务指导等全流程业务功能,并提供了国际天气预报会商等专业化功能。平台自2018年6月6日业务运行以来,已有13个国家和地区注册会商用户,超过15万次全球访问量,为全球专业用户高效提供了全球实时天气监测、预报服务产品业务指导,未来将成为中国气象局对外气象业务指导和气象服务的重要窗口和纽带。     

An Analytical Method for Groundwater Inflow into a Drained Circular Tunnel

Groundwater inflow estimation is essential for the design and construction of tunnel and the assessment of the environmental impacts. Analytical solutions used in current engineering practice do not adequately account for the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, which leads to significant change in pore water pressure distribution and reductions of the water level beyond tunnel. Based on the numerical analysis results, this article proposes semianalytical method to predict the height of lowered water level and groundwater tunnel inflow. The tunnel problem is conceptualized as two‐dimensional flow in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The analytical formula, considering the effect of the excavation‐induced drawdown, provides a better prediction of the tunnel inflow compared to the existing analytical formulas, even for the cases with inclined groundwater level.     

The influence of dam and lakes on the Yangtze River streamflow: long‐range correlation and complexity analyses

Employing long‐range correlation, complexity features and clustering, this study investigated the influence of dam and lake‐river systems on the Yangtze River flow. The impact of the Gezhouba Dam and the lake systems on streamflow was evaluated by analysing daily streamflow records at the Cuntan, the Yichang and the Datong station. Results indicated no evident influence of the Gezhouba Dam on streamflow changes. Distinct differences in scaling behaviour, long‐range correlation and clustering of streamflow at the Datong station when compared with those at the Cuntan and Yichang stations undoubtedly showed the influence of water storage and the buffering effect of the lake systems between the Datong station and other two hydrological stations on streamflow in the lower Yangtze River basin. Decreased regularity, enhanced long‐range correlation and increased clustering of streamflow in the lower Yangtze River basin due to the effect of water storage of the lake systems were corroborated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从桂西地区金砷汞锑元素的区域分布探讨金的物质来源

文章分析对比了桂西地区Ａｕ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｓｂ元素的时空区域分布,并经与岩石样对比,发现上古生界以碳酸盐岩为主的地层为高背景,三叠系为低背景,Ａｕ的高背景区呈ＮＷ向展布,这与右江裂谷区地壳演化的独特历史有关。桂西地区上古生界金主要来自深源,三叠系碎屑岩中金主要来自陆源。从Ａｕ元素丰度与存在形式考虑,高背景的碳酸盐岩夹泥岩、硅质岩、火山岩建造及毗邻的碎屑岩对金成矿更有利。