数字河流数据的自动综合

本文主要介绍了数据库中水系要素综合中河流的自动综合方法，尤其是对非结构化河网中河流的自动选取作了较为详细的论述，并通过数据库中一幅完整图幅的河流数据对文中介绍的自动综合方法进行了验证。     

枣庄地区岩溶地面塌陷成因与防治

枣庄地区第四系覆盖层厚５～１０ｍ,其结构上细下粗,下伏的奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙发育,岩溶地面塌陷主要集中在十里泉和丁庄—东王庄这两个最大的水源地。大量抽取地下水使地下水位波动的幅度增大,潜蚀作用增强。当地下水位降至基岩面以下时,上覆土层的浮托力消失,产生失托加荷作用,同时在岩溶洞穴中出现的真空又对土层产生了吸蚀作用,上述各种作用均能破坏土层结构,最终导致地面塌陷。因此,在地面塌陷的防治上可采用调整地下水开采量,把水位波动带控制在基岩面以下,以避免地下水各种作用的破坏;在兴建工程建筑时,避开岩溶裂隙发育地段;对塌陷区及时进行相应的工程治理等。      

全国地面资料自动收集处理系统的运行结构

全国地面资料实现通信传输后,统一预处理软件,在同一平台上建立国家和省一级地面资料收集处理运行系统,不仅可减少不必要的麻烦,简化操作提高工作效率,还可加强上下之间的联系,提高系统整体性和工作质量。     

结合第8届国际探空仪系统比对试验探讨国产气球施放高度

根据阳江探空站高空气象探测用750g气象气球施放的实际高度的现状,结合中国大探中心组织国产GPS探空仪在阳江用国产2000g气象气球比对试验时施放的高度以及广东阳江第8届国际探空仪系统比对期间施放的实际高度,探讨雨天和高空相对湿度较大的气象条件下对国产气象气球施放高度的影响。结果显示,雨天或高空相对湿度较大时,对国产现有的气象气球施放的高度存在较大的影响。研究表明,解决了国产气象气球的球皮防雨、防潮问题,很大程度上解决了国产气象气球施放高度不稳定的难题。     

Seismic traveltime inversion of 3D velocity model with triangulated interfaces

Seismic traveltime tomographic inversion has played an important role in detecting the internal structure of the solid earth. We use a set of blocks to approximate geologically complex media that cannot be well described by layered models or cells. The geological body is described as an aggregate of arbitrarily shaped blocks, which are separated by triangulated interfaces. We can describe the media as homogenous or heterogeneous in each block. We define the velocities at the given rectangle grid points for each block, and the heterogeneous velocities in each block can be calculated by a linear interpolation algorithm. The parameters of the velocity grid positions are independent of the model parameterization, which is advantageous in the joint inversion of the velocities and the node depths of an interface. We implement a segmentally iterative ray tracer to calculate traveltimes in the 3D heterogeneous block models. The damped least squares method is employed in seismic traveltime inversion, which includes the partial derivatives of traveltime with respect to the depths of nodes in the triangulated interfaces and velocities defined in rectangular grids. The numerical tests indicate that the node depths of a triangulated interface and homogeneous velocity distributions can be well inverted in a stratified model.     

哈尔滨宾县砂砾石剖面沉积物组成及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年：对沉积环境和区域构造演化的指示

黑龙江宾县宁远镇中阳村剖面的砂砾石堆积过去被认为是哈尔滨地区第四纪下限的罗家窝棚组地层,对于其地层属性和沉积环境方面的研究较为薄弱。本文在野外考察的基础上,利用沉积学、矿物学、地球化学和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年对这套砂砾石堆积剖面进行研究,对其化学风化特征、源岩性质、沉积环境以及构造背景进行讨论。结果表明,这套砾石地层分选和磨圆较差,风化程度较低,无定向性排列,砾石以花岗岩（63%）、石英砂岩（22%）为主;钛铁矿（22.5%）是最主要重矿物,其次是锆石（17.4%）、赤褐铁矿（13.4%）,其它重矿物含量较少。元素地球化学揭示,沉积物中的细颗粒组分经历了中-低等的化学风化过程,大部分沉积物经历了首次循环。砾石岩性和地球化学组成共同揭示了沉积物主要来源于长英质母岩。元素地球化学的迁移与富集以及古气候判别图解指示沉积物是干热气候条件下的近距离搬运的冲洪积物。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布在较窄的范围（208~129 Ma,峰值年龄~180 Ma）,与周围潜在源区锆石年龄对比,结合地貌位置,确定其物源区位于张广才岭余脉哈尔滨东南部低山丘陵带。早侏罗世源区受到古太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响,形成大陆边缘的构造背景,哈尔滨东南低山丘陵带经历了隆升和岩浆活动。与罗家窝棚组标准地层的沉积学特征对比存在明显差异,推测宁远剖面形成时间要晚于罗家窝棚组,与白土山组大致相当。这项研究对于哈尔滨地区第四纪地层的划分具有重要意义。

     

地质环境信息系统上线安全检测工作实践

本文针对地质环境领域业务系统的特点,提出了一种信息系统上线安全检测的方法,深入探讨了上线安全检测实践中的基本流程、测评方法与测评成果,为提升地质环境信息系统安全运行和服务能力提供了技术支撑.     

日本、美国等国家防震减灾法律法规制度比较研究

日本、美国作为全球地震高发区,分别制定了相对完善的法律法规体系,并积累了防震减灾制度建设方面的丰富经验。本文首先收集与梳理日本、美国等国家相关的防震减灾法制体系。分析日、美等国家政府部门管理、社会管理及全民参与的体制与机制。以日本为例,分析日本在防灾对策强化区的基本思路。最后从我国的基本国情出发,提出适合我国重点监视防御区工作的建议,即:1重防区的确定、相应的法律法规制定及信息的公布;2提高重防区的监测、预测、房屋抗震和应急救援能力;3提高公众防灾抗灾意识;4增加地震预测、烈度速报与预警系统方面的财政投入;5地震保险业的推广。     

Late Eocene–early Miocene provenance evolution of the Crocker Fan in the southern South China Sea

There are many large-scale Cenozoic sedimentary basins with plentiful river deltas, deep-water fans and carbonate platforms in the southern South China Sea. The Crocker Fan was deposited as a typical submarine fan during the late Eocene–early Miocene, and stretches extensively across the entire Sarawak–Sabah of the northern Borneo area. However, systematic analyses are still lacking regarding its sediment composition and potential source suppliers. No consensus has been reached yet on the provenance evolution and sedimentary infilling processes, which seriously impeded the oil-and-gas exploration undertakings. By combining with sedimentary-facies identification, heavy mineral assemblages, elemental geochemistry and detrital zircon U-Pb dating, this paper aims to generalize an integrated analysis on the potential provenance terranes and restore source-to-sink pathways of the Crocker Fan. In general, the Crocker Fan was initially formed over the Cretaceous–lower/middle Eocene Rajang Group by an angular Rajang unconformity. The continual southward subduction of the proto-South China Sea resulted in magmatic activities and subsequent regional deformation and thrusting along the Lupar Line in the northern Borneo. The lowermost Crocker sequence is featured by a thick conglomerate layer sourced from in-situ or adjacent paleo-uplifts. From the late Eocene to the early Miocene, the Crocker Fan was constantly delivered with voluminous detritus from the Malay Peninsula of the western Sundaland. The Zengmu Basin was widely deposited with delta plain and neritic facies sediments, while the Brunei-Sabah Basin, to the farther east, was ubiquitously characterized by turbiditic sequences. The Crocker Fan successions are overall thick layers of modest-grained sandstones, which formed high-quality reservoirs in the southern South China Sea region.