新疆三塘湖盆地砂岩型铀成矿前景及新区找矿思路

总结了历年来在三塘湖盆地开展的铀矿地质工作成果,分析了盆地找矿工作中找矿方法的适用性.通过对盆地铀成矿条件分析,认为侏罗系在乌通凹陷和淖毛湖凹陷边缘发育小规模层间氧化带,因后期构造运动复杂,层间氧化带发育时间短,仅形成零星铀异常.古近-新近系昌吉河群在汉水泉地区发育4层具规模的层间氧化带,但由于砂岩缺少还原剂等因素,仅形成少量异常和矿化,目的层不具备形成规模铀矿化的条件.在铀矿地质工作程度较低的盆地开展层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿找矿工作应当注意以下3个方面:①前期地面物化探方法要与钻探工作相配合;②钻探查证阶段在面上要拓展,关键区要布钻;③尽快加密重点地段.     

西藏嘎拉勒金铜矿床40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄及地质意义

西藏嘎拉勒矽卡岩型金(铜)矿床为近几年由西藏自治区第二地质大队发现的具有一定规模和潜力的矿床。本文以嘎拉勒金铜矿床中矽卡岩中金云母为研究对象,通过40Ar/39Ar同位素定年的方法,精确厘定了嘎拉勒矽卡岩型金铜矿床的成矿时代。金云母结晶在石榴子石和透辉石、黄铁矿和黄铜矿形成之间,并与石榴子石、针状透闪石和放射状阳起石密切共生。测试结果表明,嘎拉勒矿区金云母的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为85.41±0.64 Ma,与相应的等时线年龄85.9±2.4 Ma一致,推测其成矿作用可能与拉萨地块和羌塘地块碰撞后在拉萨地块北侧发生岩石圈拆沉引起地幔物质上涌而诱发的岩浆活动有关。     

Geological characteristics and tectonic signifcance of unconformities in Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block

Several stratigraphic breaks and unconformities exist in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block.Geologic characters and spatial distributions of fve of these unconformities,which have resulted from different geological processes,have been studied.The unconformity beneath the Dahongyu Formation is interpreted as a breakup unconformity,representing the time of transition from continental rift to passive continental margin.The unconformities beneath the Gaoyuzhuang and the Yangzhuang formations are considered to be the consequence of regional eustatic fuctuations,leading to the exposure of highlands in passive margins during low sea-level stands and transgressive deposition on coastal regions during high sea-level stands.The unconformity atop the Tieling Formation might be caused by uplift due to contractional deformation in a back-arc setting,whereas the uplift after the deposition of the Xiamaling Formation might be attributed to a continental collision event.It is assumed that the occurrences of these unconformities in the Mesoproterozoic successions in the northern margin of the North China Block had a close bearing on the assemblage and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.     

Decoupling of the East Asian summer monsoon and Indian summer monsoon between 20 and 17 ka

Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, with its profound environmental and climatic changes from before the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the last deglaciation, is an ideal period for understanding the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM), two Asian monsoon sub-systems. With 875 stable oxygen isotope ratios and 43 ²³⁰Th dates from stalagmites in Sanxing Cave, southwestern China, we construct and interpret a new, replicated, Asian summer monsoon (ASM) record covering 30.9–9.7 ka with decadal resolution. δ¹⁸O records from this site and other reported Chinese caves display similar long-term orbitally dominated trends and synchronous millennial-scale strong and weak monsoonal events associated with climate changes in high northern latitudes. Interestingly, Sanxing δ¹⁸O and Arabian Sea records show a weakening ISM from 22 to 17 ka, while the Hulu and Qingtian records from East and Central China express a 3-ka intensifying EASM from 20 to 17 ka. This decoupling between EASM and ISM may be due to different sensitivities of the two ASM sub-systems in response to internal feedback mechanisms associated with the complex geographical or land-ocean configurations.     

Investigation of highly efficient algorithms for solving linear equations in the discontinuous deformation analysis method

Large‐scale engineering computing using the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method is time‐consuming, which hinders the application of the DDA method. The simulation result of a typical numerical example indicates that the linear equation solver is a key factor that affects the efficiency of the DDA method. In this paper, highly efficient algorithms for solving linear equations are investigated, and two modifications of the DDA programme are presented. The first modification is a linear equation solver with high efficiency. The block Jacobi (BJ) iterative method and the block conjugate gradient with Jacobi pre‐processing (Jacobi‐PCG) iterative method are introduced, and the key operations are detailed, including the matrix‐vector product and the diagonal matrix inversion. Another modification consists of a parallel linear equation solver, which is separately constructed based on the multi‐thread and CPU‐GPU heterogeneous platforms with OpenMP and CUDA, respectively. The simulation results from several numerical examples using the modified DDA programme demonstrate that the Jacobi‐PCG is a better iterative method for large‐scale engineering computing and that adoptive parallel strategies can greatly enhance computational efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distribution of Palaeozoic tectonic superimposed unconformities in the Tarim Basin,NW China: significance for the evolution of palaeogeomorphology and sedimentary response

Seismic and drilling well data were used to examine the occurrence of multiple stratigraphic unconformities in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The Early Cambrian, the Late Ordovician and the late Middle Devonian unconformities constitute three important tectonic sequence boundaries within the Palaeozoic succession. In the Tazhong, Tabei, Tadong uplifts and the southwestern Tarim palaeo‐uplift, unconformities obviously belong to superimposed unconformities. A superimposed unconformity is formed by superimposition of unconformities of multiple periods. Areas where superimposed unconformities develop are shown as composite belts of multiple tectonic unconformities, and as higher uplift areas of palaeo‐uplifts in palaeogeomorphologic units. The contact relationship of unconformities in the lower uplift areas is indicative of truncation‐overlap. A slope belt is located below the uplift areas, and the main and secondary unconformities are characterized by local onlap reflection on seismic profiles. The regional dynamics controlled the palaeotectonic setting of the Palaeozoic rocks in the Tarim Basin and the origin and evolution of the basin constrained deposition. From the Sinian to the Cambrian, the Tarim landmass and its surrounding areas belonged to an extensional tectonic setting. Since the Late Ordovician, the neighbouring north Kunlun Ocean and Altyn Ocean was transformed from a spreading ocean basin to a closed compressional setting. The maximum compression was attained in the Late Ordovician. The formation of a tectonic palaeogeomorphologic evolution succession from a cratonic margin aulacogen depression to a peripheral foreland basin in the Early Caledonian cycle controlled the deposition of platform, platform margin, and deep‐water basin. Tectonic uplift during the Late Ordovician resulted in a shallower basin which was followed by substantial erosion. Subsequently, a cratonic depression and peripheral or back‐arc foreland basin began their development in the Silurian to Early–Middle Devonian interval. In this period, the Tabei Uplift, the Northern Depression and the southern Tarim palaeo‐uplift showed obvious control on depositional systems, including onshore slope, shelf and deep‐water basin. The southern Tarim Plate was in a continuous continental compressional setting after collision, whereas the southern Tianshan Ocean began to close in the Early Ordovician and was completely closed by the Middle Devonian. At the same time, further compression from peripheral tectonic units in the eastern and southern parts of the Tarim Basin led to the expansion of palaeo‐uplift in the Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous interval, and the connection of the Tabei Uplift and Tadong Uplift, thus controlling onshore, fluvial delta, clastic coast, lagoon‐bay and shallow marine deposition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国干旱半干旱区农业生态地质环境系统工程研究

干旱半干旱区是当前我国农业经济发展最有潜力的地区。可是，该区生态环境脆弱，并受到一定程度的破坏。利用系统工程学的原理，从农业生态地质环境容量的角度出发，对该区的农业生态地质环境的演化过程和演化模式进行了研究，进而提出了农业生态地质环境系统工程研究模式。在调控社会人口和经济发展的基础上，合理开发利用水、土、生物资源，保护治理生态环境，提高自然资源环境的承载力，抑制对资源环境的破坏力，使该区农业生态环境得以恢复和重建，建立起稳定持续发展的农业基地。     

福建省水系沉积物微量元素含量特征及成矿远景预测

根据区域化探水系沉积物测量分析３万余件样品中４０种元素含量，统计了３２种微量元素的背景平均值，浓度克拉克值，总体变化系数等参数。在利用水系沉积物富集系数估计值对浓度克拉克值进行校正后，使用顺序号累加法对福建省３２种元素内生成矿作用的规模进行预测排序，并分析了银，硼的资源潜力。     

煤矿长斜井TBM施工安全风险分析与趋势预测

对煤矿长斜井盾构机（tunnel boring machine,TBM）施工的风险因素进行了识别,建立了二层次的风险评估指标体系,并确定了风险等级分类标准,利用熵权法确定风险指标的权向量,进而建立了基于集对分析法的煤矿长斜井TBM施工同异反评估模型。在此基础上利用偏联系数的理论确定了文中五元偏联系数的计算方法,根据改进的集对势理论给出风险趋势的预测方法。利用该模型对台格庙矿区煤矿长斜井（1#、2#实验井）TBM施工风险进行了评估与趋势预测。研究表明该模型与方法在煤矿长斜井TBM施工风险分析中是有效的、实用的,可为煤矿长斜井TBM施工风险分析与预测提供一种新的途径。     

胶东控矿断裂断层泥形成与演化:以新立金矿床为例

胶东半岛中生代金矿床具有重要的经济价值,其蚀变和矿化均受北东向断裂控制。例如,位于胶东半岛西北部的新立金矿床受区域三山岛-仓上断裂(F1)和次级断裂(F2)控制,其中F1广泛地控制蚀变和矿化,F2仅分割黄铁绢英岩化蚀变和钾化蚀变。本文选取新立金矿床F1和F2的断层泥为研究对象,通过显微观察,矿物组成测定,激光粒度分析等多种手段,探讨断层泥物质组成、矿物成因、演化阶段及其在成矿过程中的作用。矿物学分析表明F1断层泥主要成分为高岭石和石英,含少量黄铁矿、伊利石和石膏;F2断层泥含有大量的石英和绢云母以及少量高岭石和伊蒙混层。根据矿物共生关系和相图分析得出,高岭石是绢云母反应形成的,伊利石由高岭石转化所致,伊蒙混层是高岭石转化为伊利石的中间产物,这些矿物之间的转化反映了aK+或aK+/aH+连续减小。F1断层泥中黄铁矿和F2断层泥中石英和绢云母可能为围岩残留,石膏是次生风化的产物。F1断层泥的粒度分布曲线呈单峰型、复式双峰和三峰型,其粒度分布分维值为2.61~2.82;而F2断层泥仅呈简单双峰型,分维值为2.46~2.52,表明F1断层泥组份经历颗粒旋转磨蚀阶段,F2断层泥组份处于约束碾磨阶段。综上所述,水岩反应和构造磨蚀在断层泥的形成过程中扮演重要角色,两者在主断裂F1中更强烈、复杂。鉴于F2产出位置和断层泥特征,我们推断F2为成矿后构造。断层泥中大量的黏土矿物、高度分化的颗粒粒度以及定向的显微构造导致低的横向渗透性,使断层作为障碍层阻隔成矿流体并形成差异的蚀变矿化带。