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381.
雷达探测目标时,受地形复杂程度影响很大,加上地球曲率的影响,会产生很多探测盲区,通过研究分析雷达探测区,既可以进行突防、突击,又可以对雷达进行优化部署,减少雷达探测的盲区。为了获取高效、准确的雷达探测范围,本文在研究相关领域现有成果的基础上,结合雷达探测原理和特点,并且顾及了无线电波在空气中传播折射的影响而引入了等效地球半径,提出了以等效地球半径为基准的雷达探测范围地形可视域分析方法。该方法包括基于地形分析的可视域分析原理算法和建立在地理信息系统基础上的可视域分析数学模型。本文还给出了该模型的算法与实现,并对结果进行了分析和评估。 相似文献
382.
Patterns of upper layer circulation variability in the South China Sea from satellite altimetry using the self-organizing map 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Patterns of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation variability are extracted from merged satellite altimetry data from October 1992 through August 2004 by using the self-organizing map (SOM). The annual cycle, seasonal and inter-annual variations of the SCS surface circulation are identified through the evolution of the characteristic circulation patterns. The annual cycle of the SCS gener- al circulation patterns is described as a change between two opposite basin-scale SW-NE oriented gyres embedded with eddies: low sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) (cyclonic) in winter and high SSHA (anticyclonic) in summer half year. The transition starts from July--August (January--February) with a high (low) SSHA tongue east of Vietnam around 12°~14° N, which de- velopa into a big anticyclonic (cyclonic) gyre while moving eastward to the deep basin. During the transitions, a dipole structure, cyclonic (anticyclonic) in the north and anticyclonic (cyclonic) in the south, may be formed southeast off Vietnam with a strong zonal jet around 10°~12° N. The seasonal variation is modulated by the interannual variations. Besides the strong 1997/1998 e- vent in response to the peak Pacific El Nino in 1997, the overall SCS sea level is found to have a significant rise during 1999~ 2001, however, in summer 2004 the overall SCS sea level is lower and the basin-wide anticyclonic gyre becomes weaker than the other years. 相似文献
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黄河口沉积物重金属含量变化特征研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
在黄河口的平水期、枯水期和丰水期采集沉积物样品。分析了铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、砷、汞浓度.结果表明,黄河口沉积物样品中的重金属含量由河到海呈现先上升后下降的趋势,平水期和枯水期Cd、Cr、As呈显著相关(0.01水平)。重金属含量为平水期>枯水期>丰水期。水文特征严重影响到沉积物中重金属的迁移。沉积物中重金属含量和沉积物的粒度密切相关.粒度越小重金属含量越高,反映了河流沉积的特征。沉积物中重金属浓度较低。各项目基本上都符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准。 相似文献
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以往资料显示,贵州施秉下翁哨地区镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石自然重砂,高度浓集于下翁哨盆地北岸对门坡一带新近系翁哨组含砾粘土岩和盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物中,构成罕见的高含量重砂异常,在贵州众多金刚石找矿信息中尤为瞩目,其来源及其金刚石找矿指示意义长期成谜。通过对盆地南侧2km处斜坡带"不明成因"砂砾石堆积物采样分析查证,原样中镁铝榴石为2.7粒/L,铬尖晶石大于5.0粒/L,异常客观存在;电子探针研究表明,镁铝榴石和铬尖晶石分属G9镁铝榴石和S5贫钛高铝富镁铬铁矿,其来源与金伯利岩关系不大。 相似文献
388.
LIU Liping SUN Zhilei ZHANG Lei WU Nengyou Yichao Qin JIANG Zuzhou GENG Wei CAO Hong ZHANG Xilin ZHAI Bin XU Cuiling SHEN Zhicong JIA Yonggang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):731-755
Natural gas hydrates have been hailed as a new and promising unconventional alternative energy, especially as fossil fuels approach depletion, energy consumption soars, and fossil fuel prices rise, owing to their extensive distribution, abundance, and high fuel efficiency. Gas hydrate reservoirs are similar to a storage cupboard in the global carbon cycle, containing most of the world’s methane and accounting for a third of Earth’s mobile organic carbon. We investigated gas hydrate stability zone burial depths from the viewpoint of conditions associated with stable existence of gas hydrates, such as temperature, pressure, and heat flow, based on related data collected by the global drilling programs. Hydrate-related areas are estimated using various biological, geochemical and geophysical tools. Based on a series of previous investigations, we cover the history and status of gas hydrate exploration in the USA, Japan, South Korea, India, Germany, the polar areas, and China. Then, we review the current techniques for hydrate exploration in a global scale. Additionally, we briefly review existing techniques for recovering methane from gas hydrates, including thermal stimulation, depressurization, chemical injection, and CH4–CO2 exchange, as well as corresponding global field trials in Russia, Japan, United States, Canada and China. In particular, unlike diagenetic gas hydrates in coarse sandy sediments in Japan and gravel sediments in the United States and Canada, most gas hydrates in the northern South China Sea are non-diagenetic and exist in fine-grained sediments with a vein-like morphology. Therefore, especially in terms of the offshore production test in gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area in the north slope of the South China Sea, Chinese scientists have proposed two unprecedented techniques that have been verified during the field trials: solid fluidization and formation fluid extraction. Herein, we introduce the two production techniques, as well as the so-called “four-in-one” environmental monitoring system employed during the Shenhu production test. Methane is not currently commercially produced from gas hydrates anywhere in the world; therefore, the objective of field trials is to prove whether existing techniques could be applied as feasible and economic production methods for gas hydrates in deep-water sediments and permafrost zones. Before achieving commercial methane recovery from gas hydrates, it should be necessary to measure the geologic properties of gas hydrate reservoirs to optimize and improve existing production techniques. Herein, we propose horizontal wells, multilateral wells, and cluster wells improved by the vertical and individual wells applied during existing field trials. It is noteworthy that relatively pure gas hydrates occur in seafloor mounds, within near-surface sediments, and in gas migration conduits. Their extensive distribution, high saturation, and easy access mean that these types of gas hydrate may attract considerable attention from academia and industry in the future. Herein, we also review the occurrence and development of concentrated shallow hydrate accumulations and briefly introduce exploration and production techniques. In the closing section, we discuss future research needs, key issues, and major challenges related to gas hydrate exploration and production. We believe this review article provides insight on past, present, and future gas hydrate exploration and production to provide guidelines and stimulate new work into the field of gas hydrates. 相似文献
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390.
新疆积雪覆盖时空变异分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用2000-2010年MODIS积雪覆盖产品数据MOD10A2,提取了新疆近10年来积雪覆盖变化信息,并结合地面站点数据,对遥感积雪覆盖估算的精度进行了验证;分析了新疆积雪覆盖的年际、年内变化及南北疆积雪覆盖变化的差异;结合数字高程模型,分析不同高程带下积雪覆盖的时空变化规律,揭示高程因素对新疆积雪时空变化的影响。结果表明:MOD10A2提取的积雪信息能够反映新疆的积雪变化情况,总体精度达92.3%;近10年来,全疆年积雪覆盖率最大值范围为34.0%~51.7%,最小值范围为1.7%~2.6%;积雪覆盖比率的变化在南北疆差异明显,南疆区域积雪覆盖整体不高,年内积雪覆盖比率变化幅度低于50%;而北疆区域由于受复杂地形和气候带的影响,积雪覆盖比率大,年内的变化幅度强,除2008年均达到80%以上;在季节变化上,春季和秋季的积雪覆盖均值波动较为明显,夏季和冬季的积雪覆盖均值则波动较小,这一规律在北疆地区表现更为显著;积雪覆盖的时空分布与变化受高程的影响,在海拔4 000 m以下区域,夏季积雪覆盖比率低,冬季积雪覆盖比率高,而6 000 m以上海拔区域则表现出完全相反的特点,即夏季积雪覆盖比率高,冬季积雪覆盖比率低。 相似文献