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751.
752.
垂直指向法标定是双偏振雷达的差分反射率因子ZDR标定有效方法的一种,可以订正ZDR测量误差,提高雷达数据的质量。本文基于双发双收模式的X波段双线偏振天气雷达系统,通过分析雷达硬件系统和垂直指向法标定的数据,诊断了观测数值的一些质量问题,初步判断是方位旋转关节损坏而导致ZDR的数值在某一固定区域上出现较大偏差。更换新的方位旋转关节后,对比处理问题前后的垂直指向标定数据证明能有效解决此问题。最后,经过多次试验分析表明,当垂直指向法标定在回波强度为25.5~30.5dB之间的中等范围稳定的层状云降水情况下使用时,其标定的数据能有效订正系统ZDR偏移量。 相似文献
753.
Characterization of brown carbon constituents of benzene secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia
Mingqiang Huang Jun Xu Shunyou Cai Xingqiang Liu Weixiong Zhao Changjin Hu Xuejun Gu Li Fang Weijun Zhang 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2018,75(2):205-218
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) formed from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) age via reaction with reduced nitrogen species are a vital class of brown carbon compounds. NOC compounds from ammonia (NH3) gas-aging of benzene SOA were investigated in present study, and the experiments were performed by irradiating benzene/CH3ONO/NO/NH3 air mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The particulate NOC products of aged benzene SOA in the presence of NH3 were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) coupled with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that NH3 has significant promotion effect on benzene SOA formation. Organic ammonium salts, such as ammonium glyoxylate, ammonium 6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoiclate, which are formed from NH3 reactions with gaseous organic acids were detected as the major particulate NOC products of NH3-aged benzene SOA. 1H–imidazole, 1H–imidazole-2-carbaldehyde and other imidazole products via the heterogeneous reactions between NH3 and dialdehydes of benzene SOA were successfully detected as important brown carbon constituents. The formation of imidazole products suggests that some ambient particles contained organonitrogen compounds may be come from this mechanism. The results of this study may provide valuable information for discussing NH3 deposition and SOA aging mechanisms. 相似文献
754.
Smart coating for corrosion protection of metal materials(steel,magnesium,aluminum and their alloys) has drawn great attention because of their capacity to prevent crack propagation in the protective coating by releasing functional molecules(healing agents or corrosion inhibitors) on demand from delivery vehicle,that is,micro/nanocontainer made up of a shell and core material or a coating layer,in a controllable manner.Herein,we summarize the recent achievements during the last 10 years in the field of the micro/nanocontainer with different types of stimuli-responsive properties,i.e.,pH,electrochemical potential,redox,aggressive corrosive ions,heat,light,magnetic field,and mechanical impact,for smart anticorrosion coating.The state-of-the-art design and fabrication of micro/nanocontainer are emphasized with detailed examples. 相似文献
755.
756.
Assessing vegetation dynamics impacted by climate change in the southwestern karst region of China with AVHRR NDVI and AVHRR NPP time-series 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The relationship between climate change and vegetation dynamics in the southwestern karst region of China has been identified
by recent studies. Based on previous researches and AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) GIMMS (Global Inventory
Monitoring and Modeling Studies) NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) (1982–2003) and AVHRR GloPEM (Global Production
Efficiency Model) NPP (Net Primary Production) (1981–2000) datasets, vegetation dynamics impacted by climate change in the
southwestern karst region of China were assessed. The results show that: (1) since the early 1980s, both vegetation cover
density and net primary production have insignificant ascending tendencies. However, the inter-annual variation rates of vegetation
indexes have apparent spatial differentiations; (2) the correlation coefficients between the inter-annual variations of vegetation
indexes and the inter-annual variations of climate factors vary geographically; (3) as indicated by NDVI and NPP, various
vegetation types have different responses to climate change, and the annual mean temperature variation has more significant
impact on vegetation dynamics than the annual precipitation variation in the study area; (4) distribution laws of correlation
coefficients between the inter-annual variations of vegetation indexes and the inter-annual variations of climate factors
in different climate conditions are apparent. All these findings will enrich our knowledge of the natural forces which impact
the stability of the karst ecosystems and provide scientific basis for the management of the karst ecosystems. 相似文献
757.
Crop discrimination in Northern China with double cropping systems using Fourier analysis of time-series MODIS data 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zhang Mingwei Zhou Qingbo Chen Zhongxin Liu Jia Zhou Yong Cai Chongfa 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(4):476
Crop identification is the basis of crop monitoring using remote sensing. Remote sensing the extent and distribution of individual crop types has proven useful to a wide range of users, including policy-makers, farmers, and scientists. Northern China is not merely the political, economic, and cultural centre of China, but also an important base for grain production. Its main grains are wheat, maize, and cotton. By employing the Fourier analysis method, we studied crop planting patterns in the Northern China plain. Then, using time-series EOS-MODIS NDVI data, we extracted the key parameters to discriminate crop types. The results showed that the estimated area and the statistics were correlated well at the county-level. Furthermore, there was little difference between the crop area estimated by the MODIS data and the statistics at province-level. Our study shows that the method we designed is promising for use in regional spatial scale crop mapping in Northern China using the MODIS NDVI time-series. 相似文献
758.
采用耦合协调模型对2001-2014年吉林省松花江流域产业系统与环境系统时空耦合特征进行了分析,并对两大系统耦合关系的影响因素进行研究。结果表明:流域产业-环境系统耦合度呈现"M"型曲线特征,具有明显的经济烙印。耦合发展度不断升高,流域产业系统对环境系统的胁迫作用不断降低,环境系统对于产业系统的支撑作用不断增强;产业-环境系统耦合度经历了流域特征明显到不明显的过程,且耦合发展度区域差距不断缩小反映了资源型城市产业-环境系统耦合状况趋佳,产业生态化得到一定程度发展;二三产业增加值总额和人均工业废水排放量是影响产业-环境系统耦合发展度的主要障碍指标,并且人均水资源量以及外商合同投资额/GDP的障碍作用愈加突出。另外产业结构与产业规模是影响产业-环境系统耦合发展度的主要障碍子系统,而产业效率与环境污染是潜在障碍子系统。 相似文献
759.
采用中日合作,分别布设于东川垂直竖井中地下200m、100m 和地面3个位置的高精度数字化地震仪记录的地方震资料(震中距8.5~95km,震级ML1.3~5.1),用频谱比的分析方法计算了东川地区不同深度(-100m 和地面)的场地放大因子.在8个频率(f =0.75,1.0,1.5,2,3,4,5和12Hz)上所对应的在-100m 处的3个分向(N-S,E-W,U-D)的场地放大因子(与-200m 处相比),当0.75Hz f 2Hz时,为1.0~1.49;当2Hz< f <12Hz时,为0.47~0.99;在地面,3个分向在8个频率上所对应的场地放大因子(与-200m 处相比)均大于1,其值为1.6~7.63.-100m 处的S波和尾波场地放大因子与地面的S波和尾波的场地放大因子的相关系数,当0.75Hz f 2Hz频段时,分别为0.82和0.81;当2Hz< f<12Hz频段时,分别为0.47和0.45. 相似文献
760.
云南地区强震前中小地震活跃—平静的定量计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以累计频度定量计算方法 ,讨论了云南地区 1970年以来 ,各个强震孕震区的地震活动非线性度ZL值的时间进程曲线 ,系统计算了Ms≥ 6 3级强震前的ZL值曲线 ,结果表明 :强震前地震活动非线性度ZL值异常表现出的地震孕震区的地震平静—活跃或活跃—平静过程至少出现一次 ,且震例中的 83 %开始出现平静(活跃 )的时间为强震前 1~ 2 12 年 ,强震前半年左右结束出现活跃 (平静 )。 相似文献