Effects of flexibility on propulsive force acting on a heaving foil

The hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary method is applied to simulate effects of flexibility on propulsive force acting on a heaving foil in a viscous flow. Immersed boundary nodes are distributed inside an instantaneous fluid domain. Velocity vector is reconstructed at the immersed boundary node based on an interpolation along a local normal line. Using the staggered/non-staggered grid method, the demand for pressure at boundary nodes is removed. Elastic deformation of the flexible foil is modelled based on the dynamic thin-plate mechanics. The developed code is validated through comparisons with other computations on flow fields around a flapping foil. The generation of the reverse Karman vortex street is investigated. Forces acting on heaving foils are compared for flexible and rigid cases and the increased thrust of the flexible foil is attributed to the deformed configuration near the tip. The flexibility of the heaving foil decreases vertical force and improves propulsion efficiency. The variations of force and deformation are investigated according to bending stiffness of the foil.     

南海西缘断裂带右行走滑的地球动力学机制

南海西缘断裂带,北端始于17°30'N附近的海南岛南部,往南延伸止于北西走向的卢帕尔断裂,南北延伸长度约达1 600 km,十分壮观(见图1)。该断裂带除了其名称和延伸长度在不同研究者的文章中各有所不同[1—4]之外,其名称和作用至少在20世纪80年代初已得到广泛的应用,早已成习惯,如在《亚洲地质》[5]一书和杨树康等[1]、陈国达[4]等许多著名科学家的论著中不断地得到了应用。该断裂带的构造地位和作用得到地学界的普遍重视,到目前为止地学界基本上认为它就是印支亚板块与南海亚板块之间的区域性边界断裂。     

BTEX anomalies used as indicators of submarine oil and gas reservoirs

It is a conventional method for petroleum prospecting to generally use paraffin hydrocarbon as basic indexes of oil and gas. This conventional geochemical technology, however, shows some limits in the prospecting as paraffin is vulnerable to influences from human and biologic activities. Consequently, BTEX (short for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylem, which are direct biomarkers) among aromatic hydrocarbon series has been taken into account for the oil and gas prediction. Domestic and foreign study results demonstrate that BTEX is hardly disturbed and can well indicate oil and gas reservoirs. Based on measured data from a South China Sea area, the present authors have used self-developed visual assessment software for petroleum prospecting has been used to process data, strip background anomalies, and outline significant BTEX anomalies. By comparison with stratigraphic profiles of the target area, it is confirmed that BTEX is a good indication of marine oil and gas during the petroleum prospecting.     

蛋白质营养对高密度养殖凡纳滨对虾生长与免疫力的影响

在高密度养殖条件下,进行单因素随机设计动物试验.用5种饲料(蛋白质水平31%、35%、39%、43%、47%,以A～E组表示)分别投喂平均体质量6.2 g+0.2 g、平均养殖密度3.1 kg/m3的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),探寻蛋白质营养对虾生长、免疫、水质、抗胁迫的影响特征.结果表明:(1)中高蛋白质水平具有显著促进对虾生长的效果,随着蛋白水平的提高,特定生长率先增加后降低,饲料系数正好相反,D组两指标最佳,分另q为110.98%和2.54;C、D、E组差异不显著.(2)中高蛋白质水平有利于提高对虾多数免疫指标的活力,血淋巴中血细胞浓度、T-AOC活力、POD活力、总蛋白含量、白蛋白、血蓝蛋白含量,随着蛋白质水平提高先增加后降低,前5指标含量均以D组最高,比A组显著提高16.8%～33.9%;而血蓝蛋白含量C组最高,比A组提高15.0%.(3)高蛋白质水平有利于提高对虾SOD活力,也显著增强抗低盐胁迫的能力,但同时极显著加大了水环境中氨氮和亚硝氮的污染.(4)在我国北方集约化高密度养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾中后期生长阶段适宜的饲料蛋白质营养水平为39%～43%.     

养殖大菱鲆细菌性红体病病原菌的分离与鉴定

从患有红体病的养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的肌肉中分离得到一株优势菌并记为H1.经人工注射感染证实H1即为引起养殖大菱鲆红体病的病原菌,其半致死量LD50为2.82×105CFU/mL,而低浓度(1.41×103 CFU/mL)没有造成死亡,但注射部位有脓肿现象,注射相同体积1.5%无菌生理盐水的对照组没有明显的症状,注射部位也无异常.革兰氏染色显示该菌为革兰氏阴性,菌体呈杆状,周生鞭毛.综合该菌的形态、常规生理生化特征和API32E鉴定结果,发现H1与迟钝爱德华氏菌的表性特征非常相似,相似率迭到99.9%.在分子水平上对其16SRNA基因序列的测定,同源性分析,结果表明H1与迟钝爱德华氏菌的亲缘关系最近,相似度达到99%.综合上述研究结果,将该菌株初步鉴定为迟钝爱德华氏茵(Edwardsiella tarda).     

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企鹅珍珠贝游离珠培育技术的初步研究

2006 年 5 - 12 月,在广东省、湛江市、徐闻县芳华珍珠养殖场,采用贝龄 2 ～ 4 a 的企鹅珍珠贝作植核贝,以 1 ～ 3 a 贝作小片贝,进行游离珍珠培育试验.结果表明,植核母贝经 15 ～ 40 d 的术前处理,成活率为 95.33 % ～ 97.00 %;施术贝经过 6 个月培育后,吐核率为 63.00 % ～ 71.88 %,死亡率为 26.17 % ～ 35.00 %,成珠率为 1.95 % ～ 3.33 %.企鹅珍珠贝合适的植核母贝为 2 ～ 3 龄贝,小片贝为 1 ～ 2 龄贝.     

利用DINEOF方法重构缺测的卫星遥感海温数据

针对海温数据补缺问题提出一种基于经验正交函数(EOF)分解的缺测数据重构方法--经验正交函数插值法(DINEOF).此方法是一种自适应的EOF分解方法,不需要任何先验信息,并且能估算出重构数据的误差大小.奇异值(SVD)分解时采用了Lanczos算子以提高计算速度,并利用了交叉验证的算法以确定出重构时所需最优的EOF阶数.实测数据处理结果表明,DINEOF方法能很好地重构大面积的缺测数据,具有较高精度及实际可操作性.     

ICESat-2激光卫星与光学遥感影像融合水深测量

针对浅海测深的数据特点和应用需求,以我国南海甘泉岛为例,研究了利用ICESat-2(Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2)激光卫星数据和光学遥感影像开展主被动融合水深测量的方法。首先通过信号点提取、水面/水底识别、水下点折射改正等步骤处理ICESat-2数据,获得水深值,随后以激光点作为控制,计算光学水深反演模型参数,最后由点及面地获取大范围高精度水深。实验表明,甘泉岛区域主被动融合测深中误差优于1.30m,基于激光卫星数据的主被动融合测深方法能够为浅水水深测量提供新手段。