Wave reflection from partially perforated-wall caisson breakwater

In 1995, Suh and Park developed a numerical model that computes the reflection of regular waves from a fully perforated-wall caisson breakwater. This paper describes how to apply this model to a partially perforated-wall caisson and irregular waves. To examine the performance of the model, existing experimental data are used for regular waves, while a laboratory experiment is conducted in this study for irregular waves. The numerical model based on a linear wave theory tends to over-predict the reflection coefficient of regular waves as the wave nonlinearity increases, but such an over-prediction is not observed in the case of irregular waves. For both regular and irregular waves, the numerical model slightly over- and under-predicts the reflection coefficients at larger and smaller values, respectively, because the model neglects the evanescent waves near the breakwater.     

The meteoritic origin of Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade

Scholars have long discussed the introduction and spread of iron metallurgy in different civilizations. The sporadic use of iron has been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean area from the late Neolithic period to the Bronze Age. Despite the rare existence of smelted iron, it is generally assumed that early iron objects were produced from meteoritic iron. Nevertheless, the methods of working the metal, its use, and diffusion are contentious issues compromised by lack of detailed analysis. Since its discovery in 1925, the meteoritic origin of the iron dagger blade from the sarcophagus of the ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamun (14th C. BCE) has been the subject of debate and previous analyses yielded controversial results. We show that the composition of the blade (Fe plus 10.8 wt% Ni and 0.58 wt% Co), accurately determined through portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, strongly supports its meteoritic origin. In agreement with recent results of metallographic analysis of ancient iron artifacts from Gerzeh, our study confirms that ancient Egyptians attributed great value to meteoritic iron for the production of precious objects. Moreover, the high manufacturing quality of Tutankhamun's dagger blade, in comparison with other simple‐shaped meteoritic iron artifacts, suggests a significant mastery of ironworking in Tutankhamun's time.     

A FINITE ELEMENT SHALLOW WATER CIRCULATION MODEL FOR TOLO HARBOUR, HONG KONG

Numerical solution of two-dimensional shallow water equations has been achieved by the finite element method. In this work, the governing equations were first converted into different equations suitable for explicit, forward marching, integration in the time domain. A second order Taylor's series expansion was used for the continuity equation and an "upwind" differencing was incorporated in the nonlinear convective terms in the momentum equations.The model was applied to Tolo Harbour in Hong Kong. Velocity vector plots and surface elevations obtained from the calculations are reasonably consistent with the expected tidal response of the systems.     

西北地区东部夏季水汽输送特征及其与降水的关系

采用ERA Interim 再分析资料和160 站逐月站点降水资料,运用经验正交函数（EOF）分析、合成分析等方法揭示了西北东部3 个分区的水汽输送的区域气候特征、与降水EOF气候模态相对应的整层水汽输送特征以及降水偏多（少）年的水汽输送异常特征。结果表明：西北地区东部夏季经向水汽输送的大值区处于900 hPa~800 hPa 高度上;纬向水汽输送大值位于700 hPa~500 hPa 高度上。对西北东部降水做EOF 分析,第一模态为全区一致型,与降水相对应的西风影响区主要盛行西风水汽输送,季风边缘区的南部盛行西南风水汽输送;第二模态为东南-西北型,东风、东北风水汽输送流入西北东部地区;第三模态为东北－西南型,西风和西北风水汽输送将水汽带到西风影响区内。     

基于移动Agent的网格资源信息管理

资源管理是网格中间件的重要组成部分，负责对网格资源进行组织、分配、调度。其中资源信息管理是资源管理的基础，关系到资源分配、调度的效率，进而影响网格的整体性能。分析了现有的网格资源信息管理技术，提出了基于移动Agent的资源信息管理模型。     

基于北京一号影像的射阳河口无机氮磷营养盐监测研究

通过在射阳河口现场采集光谱和水样,将实测光谱重采样为北京一号的波段反射率并与可溶性无机氮（DIN）和可溶性无机磷（DIP）浓度作相关性分析,结果表明,北京一号的近红外和红波段与DIN和DIP浓度呈强烈的正相关,这反映了沉积物的再悬浮作用是该海域营养盐的重要来源,波段组合因子中与DIN、DIP浓度相关性高的主要是由近红外波段与绿波段以及红波段与绿波段的比值或差值构成的因子,其相关性高于单波段因子。最终选择因子F10（3,1）的三次多项式模型作为该海域DIN、DIP浓度定量反演模型。模型相对浓度较高的样本组（DIN≥200g/L,DIP≥20g/L）的预测精度分别为73.69%和73.45%,而该海域DIN、DIP浓度的均值远远超过了上述阈值,影像反演结果也与实际情况高度吻合,反映了模型在该海域的实际应用价值。     

Foraminifera from the continental slope off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

The recent benthic meiofaunal foraminiferal assemblage from the continental slope (590-2 003 m) off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina exhibits high species richness and evenness, moderate diversity values, and lacks numerically dominant species. The preserved planktic assemblage has relatively low species richness, high evenness, low diversity, and a few numerically dominant species. Approximately 9% of the benthic species are those that typically live within continental shelf depth ranges. The benthic assemblage abundances and diversities do not follow depth patterns or geophysical characteristics. No biogeographic boundary can be described within the study area for meiofaunal foraminifera. Oxygen limitation does not appear to be a factor affecting the benthos of the North Carolina continental slope based upon the community structure of the benthic foraminifera, if total assemblage is assumed to reflect the recently living community. The high carbonate content of sediments in the area may be explained by foraminiferal tests. Within the study area, the foraminiferal assemblages are uniform, and probably reflect relative consistency of primary environmental variables as well as dynamic downslope transport and high influx of material from the water column in the vicinity where the Gulf Stream and the Western Boundary Undercurrent cross.     

Population Genetic Structure of Rock Bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis> Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1884) Revealed by mtDNA COI Sequence in Korea and China

The rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus, is a common rocky reef game fish in East Asia and recently has become an aquaculture species. Despite its commercial importance, the population genetic structure of this fish species remains poorly understood. In this study, 163 specimens were collected from 6 localities along the coastal waters of Korea and China and their genetic variation was analyzed with mtDNA COI sequences. A total of 34 polymorphic sites were detected which determined 30 haplotypes. The genetic pattern reveals a low level of nucleotide diversity (0.04 ± 0.003) but a high level of haplotype diversity (0.83 ± 0.02). The 30 haplotypes are divided into two major genealogical clades: one that consists of only Zhoushan (ZS, East China Sea) specific haplotypes from the southern East China Sea and the other that consists of the remaining haplotypes from the northern East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Korea Strait, and East Sea/Sea of Japan. The two clades are separated by approximately 330~435 kyBP. Analyses of AMOVA and F_st show a significant population differentiation between the ZS sample and the other ones, corroborating separation of the two genealogical clades. Larval dispersal and the fresh Yangtze River plume are invoked as the main determining factors for this population genetic structure of O. fasciatus. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses indicate late Pleistocene population expansion along the coastal waters of Korea and China approximately 133–183 kyBP during which there were periodic cycles of glaciations and deglaciations. Such population information needs to be taken into account when stock enhancement and conservation measures are implemented for this fisheries species.     

Review of recent findings on the water masses and circulation in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

Recent findings on water masses, biogeochemical tracers, deep currents and basin-scale circulation in the East/Japan Sea, and numerical modeling of its circulation are reviewed. Warming continues up to 2007 despite an episode of bottom water formation in the winter of 2000–2001. Water masses have definitely changed since the 1970s and further changes are expected due to the continuation of warming. Accumulation of current data in deep waters of the East/Japan Sea reveals that the circulation in the East/Japan Sea is primarily cyclonic with sub-basin scale cyclonic and anticyclonic cells in the Ulleung Basin (Tsushima Basin). Our understanding of the circulation of intermediate water masses has been deepened through high-resolution numerical studies, and the implementation of data assimilation has had initial success. However, the East/Japan Sea is unique in terms of the fine vertical structures of physical and biogeochemical properties of cold water mass measured at the highest precision and their rapid change with the global warming, so that full understanding of the structures and their change requires in-depth process studies with continuous monitoring programs.     

Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity and Measurement of EDCs in Wastewater Treatment Plants

1IntroductionDuringthe past several years,concern hasincreasedover the potential pollution of watershed by estrogeniccompounds,including steroidal hormones fromhumanand ani mal sources.Effluents from wastewater treat-ment plants are sources of endocrine-d…