Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and implication of multiple sources from Hunchun basin, northeastern China

Present concentrations and distributions of heavy metals through profiles, surface soil, and stream sediment samples in the Hunchun area, north-eastern China, were investigated to determine the elemental background values. This study also aims to characterize potentially toxic materials such as pulverized fly ash (PFA) from power stations or ash and slag from coal used domestically in urban areas, agrochemicals applied inappropriately, and urban sewage sludges from Hunchun City, as well as to ascertain the possibility of natural enrichment through site characterization by mineralogical and geochemical investigation. The distribution of contaminants in the alluvial soils (fluvisol) of this area has been influenced by several interacting factors. The parent alluvial materials from weathered products of amphiboles have made coatings such as ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite. This natural inheritance factor is supported by the fact that the concentrations of weak acid-extractable (plant-available) heavy metals are very low, except for Fe and Mn. However, in agricultural soils and adjacent stream sediments, an anthropogenic input of Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr by agrochemicals is strongly suggested. Also, F contamination by coal combustion and the dissolution of F-bearing minerals could cause some future problems. Wide distribution and significantly high concentrations of Cd, Fe, Mn, and F in soils throughout the combination of pollutants originating from lithogenic and the anthropogenic sources pose potential problems in utilizing water resources. Received: 14 June 1999 · Accepted: 27 December 1999     

江西安远路迳金伯利质煌斑岩筒的Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其地质意义

报道了赣南安远县路迳金伯利质煌斑岩筒的 Rb-Sr等时线地质年龄 :t=( 3 7.6± 2 .2 ) Ma,初始值 [n( 87Sr) / n( 86Sr) ] i=0 .70 5 17± 0 .0 0 0 12。     

物探方法在岩溶勘查中的应用综述

简要介绍了岩溶勘察中常用物探方法的基本原理和技术，并举例说明其在岩溶地区进行水利水电工程地质勘察、岩溶地下水寻找、环境保护和溶洞探测时的有效性。     

新疆坡十铜镍硫化物含矿岩体岩浆源区特征及构造背景探讨

新疆坡北辉长岩体位于塔里木古陆东北缘的北山裂谷带中,坡一和坡十铜镍硫化物含矿超镁铁岩体位于坡北岩体内.尽管坡十超镁铁岩体与坡北辉长岩呈侵入接触,但两者的微量元素和同位素组成显示良好 的一致性,表明两岩相虽然分不同阶段侵入就位,但仍为同源岩浆的产物.MnO-TiO2-R2O5及Th-Hf-Ta判别图解显示坡北及坡十岩体的...     

鄯勒油田西山窑组层序地层格架及其油气地质意义

运用层序地层学的基本原理和技术方法,建立鄯勒油田西山窑组层序地层格架,划分沉积相,并在此基础上分析层序地层格架内砂体的展布特征和油气的聚集规律,预测研究区岩性油气藏的类型及分布。研究结果表明：西山窑组整体经历了一个先进积、后退积的过程;西山窑组为一个三级层序,其中包含2个四级层序,该组由低位域（LST）的三角洲前缘沉积、湖侵域（TST）的三角洲平原沉积和高位域（HST）的湖相沉积组成。研究区基准面上升期可以寻找砂体上倾尖灭型岩性圈闭,基准面下降期可以寻找砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭。西一、二段沉积的三角洲河道砂体受后期构造运动的影响,可以形成砂体上倾尖灭型岩性油气藏;而西三、四段的湖相浊积砂体,可以形成砂岩透镜体岩性油气藏。     

西藏冈底斯带中南部与俯冲有关的早侏罗世花岗闪长岩:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

肖打松多花岗闪长岩位于西藏冈底斯花岗岩带中段以南,主要岩石类型有:细中粒黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒含斑黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状黑云母(角闪石)花岗闪长岩,岩石具钙碱性特征,w(SiO2)=61.58％～72.16％,w(K2O)/w(Na2O) =0.64～1.15,相对富钠,A/CNK=1.25...     

应用阴极发光技术探讨含矿岩系成岩作用及其与成矿关系——以云南金顶铅锌矿床为例

应用阴极发光技术对云南金顶铅锌矿床含矿岩系成岩作用进行了研究,其中包括胶结作用、交代作用、压实压溶作用等。根据阴极发光特征揭示了方解石胶结物的不同世代、不同类型胶结物的生成顺序、矿物之间形成的先后关系,确定了成岩阶段,进而探讨成岩作用与成矿作用的关系,以及矿化期次,说明阴极发光技术是一种简便、可靠的矿床研究的手段之一。     

Gas accumulation from oil cracking in the eastern Tarim Basin: A case study of the YN2 gas field

Oil and gas exploration in eastern Tarim Basin, NW China has been successful in recent years, with several commercial gas accumulations being discovered in a thermally mature to over-mature region. The Yingnan2 (YN2) gas field, situated in the Yingnan structure of the Yingjisu Depression, produces gases that are relatively enriched in nitrogen and C₂₊ alkanes. The δ¹³C₁ (−38.6‰ to −36.2‰) and δ¹³C₂ values (−30.9‰ to −34.7‰) of these gases are characteristic of marine sourced gases with relatively high maturity levels. The distributions of biomarkers in the associated condensates suggest close affinities with the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks which, in the Yingjisu Sag, are currently over-mature (with 3–4%Ro). Burial and thermal maturity modeling results indicate that paleo-temperatures of the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician source rocks had increased from 90 to 210 °C during the late Caledonian orogeny (458–438 Ma), due to rapid subsidence and sediment loading. By the end of Ordovician, hydrocarbon potential in these source rocks had been largely exhausted. The homogenization temperatures of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions identified from the Jurassic reservoirs of the YN2 gas field suggest a hydrocarbon emplacement time as recent as about 10 Ma, when the maturity levels of Middle–Lower Jurassic source rocks in the study area were too low (<0.7%Ro) to form a large quantity of oil and gas. The presence of abundant diamondoid hydrocarbons in the associated condensates and the relatively heavy isotopic values of the oils indicate that the gases were derived from thermal cracking of early-formed oils. Estimation from the stable carbon isotope ratios of gaseous alkanes suggests that the gases may have been formed at temperatures well above 190 °C. Thus, the oil and gas accumulation history in the study area can be reconstructed as follows: (1) during the late Caledonian orogeny, the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician marine source rocks had gone through the peak oil, wet gas and dry gas generation stages, with the generated oil and gas migrating upwards along faults and fractures to form early oil and gas accumulations in the Middle–Upper Ordovician and Silurian sandstone reservoirs; (2) since the late Yanshanian orogeny, the early oil accumulations have been buried deeper and oil has undergone thermal cracking to form gas; (3) during the late Himalayan orogeny, the seals for the deep reservoirs were breached; and the gas and condensates migrated upward and eventually accumulating in the relatively shallow Jurassic reservoirs.     

广西大瑶山西北地区构造分形与成矿预测

本文针对大瑶山西北地区断层和石英脉热液型矿床丰富的特点,以及该区热液矿床成矿是否存在断裂构造分维临界线.采用较高标度的断裂构造分形分维分析(r=5~0.3125 km),研究矿体产状与矿区断裂产状的关系,结合Fry分析综合预测该区成矿潜力.研究区断裂构造分维值为D=1.6897,南北向断裂构造分维值D=1.2947,北东向断裂构造分维值D=1.4593,东西向断裂构造分维值D=1.0250,北西向断裂构造分维值D=1.2003.我们确定研究区热液矿床成矿存在断裂构造分维临界线,研究区成矿预测分维临界线为D=1.5000~1.8000,铅锌矿成矿预测分维临界线为D=1.6000~1.7400,铜矿成矿预测分维临界线为D=1.5000~1.7000,金矿成矿预测分维临界线为D=1.6400~1.8000,重晶石成矿预测分维临界线为D=1.6000~1.7400.矿体严格受到断裂构造的控制,主要的容矿构造为南北向和北东向断裂构造.综合分析后,我们认为该区铜矿床总体沿北东向分布,金矿沿南北向分布,铅锌矿沿南北向分布.按照矿产分布特征,我们预测了6个成矿靶区.