Petrogenesis of the Xihuashan Granite in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology,Geochemistry and Nd Isotopes

Mesozoic granitic intrusions are widely distributed in the Nanling region,South China.Yanshanian granites are closely connected with the formation of tungsten deposits.The Xihuashan granite is a typica...     

Mean Structure of Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall in Mainland China

The mean kinematic and thermodynamic structures of tropical cyclones （TCs） making landfall in main-land China are examined by using sounding data from 1998 to 2009. It is found that TC landfall is usually accompanied with a decrease in low-level wind speed, an expansion of the radius of strong wind, weakening of the upper-level warm core, and drying of the mid-tropospheric air. On average, the warm core of the TCs dissipates 24 h after landfall. The height of the maximum low-level wind and the base of the stable layer both increase with the increased distance to the TC center;however, the former is always higher than the latter. In particular, an asymmetric structure of the TC after landfall is found. The kinematic and thermodynamic structures across various areas of TC circulation diff er, especially over the left-front and right-rear quadrants （relative to the direction of TC motion）. In the left-front quadrant, strong winds locate at a smaller radius, the upper-level temperature is warmer with the warm core extending into a deep layer, while the wet air occupies a shallow layer. In the right-rear quadrant, strong wind and wet air dwell in an area that is broader and deeper, and the warmest air is situated farther away from the TC center.     

2002年西北太平洋和南海热带气旋路径主客观预报评价

利用目前中央气象台热带气旋路径实时业务预报中使用的各种主客观预报产品资料,对2002年西北太平洋和南海热带气旋路径实时业务预报中的主客观预报进行对比分析检验。结果显示：虽然在整体上主观预报要优于客观模式的结果,但客观模式的预报能力已接近主观预报,有时甚至还好于主观预报,特别是48小时以上时效的客观模式较主观预报具有一定的优势;而在客观模式中,全球模式优于台风模式;热带气旋路径数值模式产品的使用对提高热带气旋路径业务预报水平具有十分重要的作用。     

台湾地形对台风Meranti(1010)经过海峡地区时迅速增强的影响研究

台风在趋近大陆过程中强度一般衰减, 但Meranti(1010)北上进入台湾海峡过程中却迅速加强, 且在登陆福建时达到最强。采用中国气象局台风资料、NCEP GFS 0.5°×0.5°再分析资料及台湾雷达资料, 结合中尺度数值模式WRF(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)开展台湾地形敏感性试验, 研究Meranti进入台湾海峡过程中的结构变化及迅速加强机理。结果表明:台湾地形是Meranti迅速加强的一个重要影响因子。Meranti北上过程中, 一方面通过台湾岛地形分流作用及其背风坡效应在台湾海峡内诱生中尺度涡旋, 形成正负相间的涡度分布, 激发出与台风相关的扰动波列。地形强迫抬升及扰动波列可加强垂直运动和积云对流, 有利于台风对流发展。另一方面, 台湾地形还通过改变环境气流使台风高空辐散场加强, 环境风垂直切变减小, 形成有利于台风发展的环流背景。比较不同高度台湾地形试验中台风动能收支发现, 台湾地形激发的扰动波列和积云对流增强了次网格尺度系统与台风间能量的交换, 成为Meranti登陆前迅速加强的主要动能源。     

台风“烟花”的主要特点和路径预报难点分析

对2021年第6号台风“烟花”的主要特点与路径预报重大调整过程中出现的难点问题进行分析和研究,得出主要结论如下。(1)“烟花”移动缓慢,是首个两次登陆浙江的台风,在浙北和杭州湾附近地区长时间滞留。(2)降雨影响范围广、累计降雨量大、大风持续时间长。(3)反映出来的重要难点问题有：当多数模式预报出现一致的偏差时,预报员难以做出订正,有必要开展对模式中台风重要影响系统(高空冷涡、热带对流层上层槽等)的预报检验工作;台风移速缓慢的定量程度难以把握,需要通过总结历史个例和敏感性试验等方法开展东侧台风对西侧台风移动缓慢影响的定量研究;西风带槽/脊对副热带高压退/进快慢的定量影响把握困难,影响北上台风转向点的预报,特别是当不同模式有分歧的时候预报难度更大。     

一次台风移出后MCC发展成因分析

应用FY-4A卫星云顶亮温(TBB)、自动站雨量资料和ERA5(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2020年第4号台风“黑格比”移出后在杭州湾生成MCC发展成因进行了分析。结果表明：(1)台风南侧的切变线辐合抬升作用以及南亚高压东部反气旋环流辐散抽吸作用,有利于中低空大气上升运动的增强,为MCC的发展增强提供良好的动力抬升条件;(2)低层台风北上后,其移动方向左后侧的冷空气南下,并与长三角地区的西南低空暖湿气流强烈交汇,斜压锋生增强,形成较强的上升运动;（3）受大陆高压东移影响,对流层中高层干冷空气东移,叠加在对流层中低空暖湿急流之上,形成了有利于MCC发生发展的大气位势不稳定层结;(4)切变线南端的西南低空急流不仅加强了低层大气的辐合和上升运动,更重要的是为MCC的发生发展提供丰富的水汽输送和汇聚;(5)水汽凝结潜热释放在MCC发展中起重要作用。水汽释放潜热加热大气,使上升运动增强,低层辐合进一步增强。低层水汽汇聚并不断向高空输送,补偿了高空凝结的水汽,潜热的不断释放,有利于MCC发展和维持。总之,台风中心移出后,台风南侧的切变线及其南侧的西南暖湿气流稳定地维持在MCC上空,为M...     

论湖南前震旦系钾钠钴镍含量及比值与金矿分布的关系

湖南前霞旦系冷家溪群和板溪群,主要由各种板岩,变质砂岩组成,夹有基性、中-酸性火山熔岩、火山沉积岩及碳酸盐岩。地层中Na_2O含量、Na_2O/K_2O及Co/Ni比值与其中火山沉积物的含量呈正相关关系。在平面上反映出存在几个火山物质沉积中心,黔阳至会同、沅陵至桃源之间及湘潭至双峰一带是板溪期火山物质沉积中心;平江至浏阳一带是冷家溪期火山物质沉积中心。湖南前震旦系金矿的分布几乎都集中在这些地区内。因此,Na_2O/K_2O,Co/Ni比值分布特征是金的区域成矿预测的地球化学标志。     

Impact of small-scale structures on estuarine circulation

We present a novel and challenging application of a 3D estuary-shelf model to the study of the collective impact of many small-scale structures (bridge pilings of 1 m × 2 m in size) on larger-scale circulation in a tributary (James River) of Chesapeake Bay. We first demonstrate that the model is capable of effectively transitioning grid resolution from ~?400 m down to ~?1 m near the pilings without introducing undue numerical artifact. We then show that despite their small sizes and collectively small area as compared to the total channel cross-sectional area, the pilings exert a noticeable impact on the large-scale circulation, and also create a rich structure of vortices and wakes around the pilings. As a result, the water quality and local sedimentation patterns near the bridge piling area are likely to be affected as well. However, when evaluating over the entire waterbody of the project area, the near field effects are weighed with the areal percentage which is small compared to that for the larger unaffected area, and therefore the impact on the lower James River as a whole becomes relatively insignificant. The study highlights the importance of the use of high resolution in assessing the near-field impact of structures.     

Simulating vegetation effects on flows in 3D using an unstructured grid model: model development and validation

Ocean Dynamics - Prevalence of vegetation (either submerged or emergent) in shallow water significantly affects the flow and turbulence structure in this environment. In this paper, we develop a...     

超强台风鲇鱼路径北翘预报分析

利用常规气象观测资料、实时业务数值预报模式、欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）ERA Interim全球再分析资料（1.5°×1.5°）以及NCEP全球再分析资料（1°×1°）,对1013号超强台风鲇鱼移入南海后路径突然北翘的原因进行了初步分析,并对业务数值预报模式及中日美三家综合业务预报的台风路径预报进行了检验。结果发现：南半球越赤道气流向北涌进致使赤道缓冲带北进与＂鲇鱼＂东侧的副热带高压脊合并是＂鲇鱼＂在南海路径发生突然北翘的主要原因;当业务数值预报模式出现较大分歧时,台风路径多模式集成预报或超级集合预报是解决数值预报较大分歧的有效途径,为此有必要加强台风路径多模式集成预报或超级集合预报综合应用平台的研发,并在此基础上进一步完善现有台风业务预报流程。