南北构造带北段重磁异常的对应分析

论述了重磁异常对应分析方法原理和地质解释的地球物理基础,计算了南北构造带北段上延5 ～50km 的重磁对应分析的相关系数R和斜率α的平面分布曲线,结合其它地质和地球物理资料,初步分析认为:(1) 中朝准地台的阿拉善台隆和鄂尔多斯台缘隆起区属于正常地壳结构;鄂尔多斯台缘坳陷区属于非正常地壳结构;(2) 祁连秦岭褶皱区地壳结构比较复杂,南、北祁连和礼县 柞水褶皱带的地壳为基本正常地壳结构;祁连北部走廊过渡带、中部隆起带和南秦岭褶皱带西段的地壳属于非正常地壳结构;(3)相关系数转换带的平面分布特征大致反映了断裂带的伸展方向,在剖面上的位置大致与断裂带构造位置相对应     

Numerical Study of the Role of Microphysical Latent Heating and Surface Heat Fluxes in a Severe Precipitation Event in the Warm Sector over Southern China

Simulations of the severe precipitation event that occurred in the warm sector over southern China on 08 May 2014 are conducted using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARWv3.5.1) model to investigate the roles of microphysical latent heating and surface heat fluxes during the severe precipitation processes. At first, observations from surface rain gauges and ground-based weather radars are used to evaluate the model outputs. Results show that the spatial distribution of 24-h accumulated precipitation is well reproduced, and the temporal and spatial distributions of the simulated radar reflectivity agree well with the observations. Then, several sensitive simulations are performed with the identical model configurations, except for different options in microphysical latent heating and surface heat fluxes. From the results, one of the significant findings is that the latent heating from warm rain microphysical processes heats the atmosphere in the initial phase of the precipitation and thus convective systems start by self-triggering and self-organizing, despite the fact that the environmental conditions are not favorable to the occurrence of precipitation event at the initial phase. In the case of the severe precipitation event over the warm sector, both warm and ice microphysical processes are active with the ice microphysics processes activated almost two hours later. According to the sensitive results, there is a very weak precipitation without heavy rainfall belt when microphysical latent heating is turned off. In terms of this precipitation event, the warm microphysics processes play significant roles on precipitation intensity, while the ice microphysics processes have effects on the spatial distribution of precipitation. Both surface sensible and latent heating have effects on the precipitation intensity and spatial distribution. By comparison, the surface sensible heating has a strong influence on the spatial distribution of precipitation, and the surface latent heating has only a slight impact on the precipitation intensity. The results indicate that microphysical latent heating might be an important factor for severe precipitation forecast in the warm sector over southern China. Surface sensible heating can have considerable influence on the precipitation spatial distribution and should not be neglected in the case of weak large-scale conditions with abundant water vapor in the warm sector.     

海上复杂断块油田储层流动单元研究与应用——以北部湾A油田A1/A5断块为例

开展海上复杂断块油田储层流动单元研究对刻画储层连通程度、剩余油的分布情况有着十分重要的实际意义。以北部湾A油田A1/A5断块为例,首先对复合砂体内单砂体的识别来建立流动单元研究的精细地质格架,然后结合断层封闭性、隔夹层分布、砂体接触关系所形成的渗流屏障进行流动单元划分。利用主成分分析和相关性分析的方法进行参数优选,确定孔隙度、泥质含量、渗流系数作为研究区流动单元分类的主要参数,并通过神经网络聚类分析将流动单元分为3类。在单井、剖面、平面流动单元展布研究的基础上,运用截断高斯模拟方法建立流动单元三维地质模型。结果表明:Ⅰ类流动单元具有最好的储渗能力,所钻油井累计产量比较高,但分布范围局限,成土豆状分布于水下分流河道中心部分;Ⅱ类分布范围最广,储渗能力较好,分布在水下分流河道微相中,剩余油分布较多,通过调整挖潜可以开发其生产潜力;Ⅲ类大多成条带状分布,主要位于水下溢岸砂沉积部位,储渗能力最差,产量很低,其开发潜力也比较差。     

大别造山带折返剥露历史:来自合肥盆地南缘中生界变质岩碎屑的证据

在合肥盆地南缘广泛分布的中生界内,砾石主要由变质岩碎屑组成。碎屑在地层中分布及垂向上的变化,为重塑造山带折返剥露历史提供了证据。防虎山组和三尖铺组底部砾岩碎屑组合为:石英片岩+云母片岩+石墨片岩+千枚岩+石英岩+脉石英+片麻岩(局部),表明在早侏罗世晚期Pliensbachian期(距今195Ma)之前,佛子岭群和卢镇关群已经折返到地表并遭受剥露。早白垩世凤凰台组、毛坦厂组和周公山组中砾岩碎屑组合为:片岩+石英岩+片麻岩+混合岩+榴辉岩+角闪岩+斜长岩+花岗岩+大理岩等,榴辉岩以及其它基性岩的微量元素特征表明它们可能是一个在早白垩世以前(距今135Ma)折返到地表并遭受完全剥露,而现在已经从造山带消失的超高压构造地层单元。大别造山带出露的超高压变质带(大别杂岩)在北缘中生代地层中目前尚未发现有可靠的沉积记录,推测它们的大规模折返和剥露可能在新生代,并持续到现在。据此认为大别造山带大规模的折返剥露分为3个阶段:早侏罗世之前、晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期和新生代。     

宽礁膜多糖酸的水解条件

采用0.1 mol/L H2SO4对热水提宽礁膜多糖进行酸水解,研究了水解过程中不同的反应温度和反应时间对宽礁膜多糖分子量的影响。通过控制反应温度和反应时间,得到了分子量在155.0~3.9 kDa间的低分子量宽礁膜多糖。结果表明,反应温度的升高,反应时间的延长都有利于宽礁膜多糖分子量的降低,但温度较时间的影响要明显。     

Investigation on the Load/Unload Response Ratio With Coda Q-1 as Response

The load/unload response ratio YQ with the geophysical parameter coda Q-1 of the crust as response is denned in this study.The variation in YQ-1 before and after the Northridge earthquake of January 17,1994(California)has been investigated by using the data of coda Q-1 with frequencies of 1.5,3.0,6.0,12.0,and 24.0 Hz in the Southern California from 1987 to 1994.It can be found that YQ-1 for coda waves with all frequencies,the frequency of 12.0 Hz excluded,ascended to a certain extent prior to the occurrence of the rnainshock and returned to normality after the main shock.     

Experimental Research on the Load／Unload Response Ratio （LURR） Theory

Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.     

非一致地震波动输入下大型钢筋混凝土框架结构-地基体系地震响应规律

为探索非一致地震波动输入对大型钢筋混凝土框架结构地震响应的影响,基于OpenSees软件平台建立二维钢筋混凝土框架结构\|地基动力相互作用有限元模型。将El-Centro地震波按P波波形分别以0°、15°、30°和35°角入射该有限元模型进行计算,对比分析框架柱内力和楼层层间位移的地震响应。研究发现非一致地震波输入方法对于大型钢筋混凝土框架结构建筑动力响应影响明显,随着地震波入射角的增大,钢筋混凝土框架结构底层柱的轴力幅值减小,剪力幅值增大,而弯矩幅值变化较小,楼层层间位移幅值也随之增大。研究结果对于大型钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震设计具有参考意义。     

Expansion of the South China Sea basin: Constraints from magnetic anomaly stripes,sea floor topography,satellite gravity and submarine geothermics

The widely distributed E–W-trending magnetic anomaly stripes in the central basin and the N–E-trending magnetic anomaly stripes in the southwest sub-basin provide the most important evidence for Neogene expansion of the South China Sea. The expansion mechanism remains, however, controversial because of the lack of direct drilling data, non-systematic marine magnetic survey data, and irregular magnetic anomaly stripes with two obvious directions. For example, researchers have inferred different ages and episodes of expansion for the central basin and southwest sub-basin. Major controversy centers on the order of basinal expansion and the mechanism of expansion for the entire South China Sea basin. This study attempts to constrain these problems from a comprehensive analysis of the seafloor topography, magnetic anomaly stripes, regional aeromagnetic data, satellite gravity, and submarine geothermics. The mapped seafloor terrain shows that the central basin is a north-south rectangle that is relatively shallow with many seamounts, whereas the southwest sub-basin is wide in northeast, gradually narrows to the southwest, and is relatively deeper with fewer seamounts. Many magnetic anomaly stripes are present in the central basin with variable dimensions and directions that are dominantly EW-trending, followed by the NE-, NW- and NS-trending. Conversely such stripes are few in the southwest sub-basin and mainly NE-trending. Regional magnetic data suggest that the NW-trending Ailaoshan-Red River fault extends into the South China Sea, links with the central fault zone in the South China Sea, which extends further southward to Reed Tablemount. Satellite gravity data show that both the central basin and southwest sub-basin are composed of oceanic crust. The Changlong seamount is particularly visible in the southwest sub-basin and extends eastward to the Zhenbei seamount. Also a low gravity anomaly zone coincides with the central fault zone in the sub-basin. The submarine geothermic distribution demonstrates that the southwest sub-basin has a higher geothermal value than the central basin, and that the central fault zone is defined by a low thermal anomaly. This study suggests that NW–SE expansion of the southwest subbasin is later than the N–S expansion of the central basin with the sub-basin extending into the central basin and with both expansions ending at the same time. The expansion of southwestern sub-basin, similar to the Japanese Sea, is likely caused by left-lateral strike slip on the central fault zone in the South China Sea, which may have significance for finding oil and gas in this region.