全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8083篇 |
免费 | 1523篇 |
国内免费 | 2235篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 884篇 |
大气科学 | 1391篇 |
地球物理 | 1934篇 |
地质学 | 4569篇 |
海洋学 | 1204篇 |
天文学 | 257篇 |
综合类 | 743篇 |
自然地理 | 859篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 64篇 |
2023年 | 236篇 |
2022年 | 506篇 |
2021年 | 558篇 |
2020年 | 492篇 |
2019年 | 525篇 |
2018年 | 542篇 |
2017年 | 540篇 |
2016年 | 525篇 |
2015年 | 495篇 |
2014年 | 610篇 |
2013年 | 613篇 |
2012年 | 580篇 |
2011年 | 539篇 |
2010年 | 530篇 |
2009年 | 488篇 |
2008年 | 413篇 |
2007年 | 471篇 |
2006年 | 345篇 |
2005年 | 272篇 |
2004年 | 203篇 |
2003年 | 180篇 |
2002年 | 200篇 |
2001年 | 177篇 |
2000年 | 200篇 |
1999年 | 218篇 |
1998年 | 201篇 |
1997年 | 160篇 |
1996年 | 171篇 |
1995年 | 154篇 |
1994年 | 136篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 77篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Yinian Zhu Bin Huang Zongqiang Zhu Huili Liu Yanhua Huang Xin Zhao Meina Liang 《Geochemical transactions》2016,17(1):2
Background
The interaction between Ca-HAP and Pb2+ solution can result in the formation of a hydroxyapatite–hydroxypyromorphite solid solution [(PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH)], which can greatly affect the transport and distribution of toxic Pb in water, rock and soil. Therefore, it’s necessary to know the physicochemical properties of (PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH), predominantly its thermodynamic solubility and stability in aqueous solution. Nevertheless, no experiment on the dissolution and related thermodynamic data has been reported.Results
Dissolution of the hydroxypyromorphite–hydroxyapatite solid solution [(PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH)] in aqueous solution at 25 °C was experimentally studied. The aqueous concentrations were greatly affected by the Pb/(Pb + Ca) molar ratios (XPb) of the solids. For the solids with high XPb [(Pb0.89Ca0.11)5(PO4)3OH], the aqueous Pb2+ concentrations increased rapidly with time and reached a peak value after 240–720 h dissolution, and then decreased gradually and reached a stable state after 5040 h dissolution. For the solids with low XPb (0.00–0.80), the aqueous Pb2+ concentrations increased quickly with time and reached a peak value after 1–12 h dissolution, and then decreased gradually and attained a stable state after 720–2160 h dissolution.Conclusions
The dissolution process of the solids with high XPb (0.89–1.00) was different from that of the solids with low XPb (0.00–0.80). The average K sp values were estimated to be 10?80.77±0.20 (10?80.57–10?80.96) for hydroxypyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3OH] and 10?58.38±0.07 (10?58.31–10?58.46) for calcium hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH]. The Gibbs free energies of formation (ΔG f o ) were determined to be ?3796.71 and ?6314.63 kJ/mol, respectively. The solubility decreased with the increasing Pb/(Pb + Ca) molar ratios (XPb) of (PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH). For the dissolution at 25 °C with an initial pH of 2.00, the experimental data plotted on the Lippmann diagram showed that the solid solution (PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH) dissolved stoichiometrically at the early stage of dissolution and moved gradually up to the Lippmann solutus curve and the saturation curve for Pb5(PO4)3OH, and then the data points moved along the Lippmann solutus curve from right to left. The Pb-rich (PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3(OH) was in equilibrium with the Ca-rich aqueous solution.Graphical abstractLippmann diagrams for dissolution of the hydroxypyromorphite–hydroxyapatite solid solution [(PbxCa1?x)5(PO4)3OH] at 25??C and an initial pH of 2.00.
993.
鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区东部的一个大型构造沉积盆地,蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源,是我国正在建设 的重要能源基地;鄂尔多斯盆地同时也是一个巨型地下水盆地,赋存相对丰富的地下水资源,将为能源基地建设提 供重要水源。鄂尔多斯盆地是由多种不同类型岩石上下叠置构成的构造沉积盆地,因此它也是一个由不同含水岩 类的多个含水层系统上下叠置构成的巨型地下水盆地。鄂尔多斯盆地总体上构成一个半开启型的地下水盆地,盆 地内不同含水层系统地下水交替循环的方式和深度不同,以寒武系-奥陶系碳酸盐岩类岩溶含水层系统和白垩系 碎屑岩类孔隙-裂隙含水层系统的交替循环深度较大(可达1200~1800m);新生界松散岩类孔隙含水层系统和 石炭系-侏罗系碎屑岩类裂隙含水层系统的交替循环深度较小(一般小于300m)。鄂尔多斯盆地实际上包含了周 边岩溶地下水、白垩系自流盆地地下水和东部黄土区地下水共3个地下水大系统。 相似文献
994.
Hong Zhang Baoqing Shan Liang Ao Wenzhong Tang Shengfang Wen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):399-406
A complete record derived from a core dated both by 210Pb and 137Cs chronologies from Lake Ngoring at the headwater areas of the Yellow River provides new insight into the changing atmospheric deposition of trace metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. This study showed that there was an inflection in the early 1960s, before which both fluxes and contents of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn remained relatively steady or slowly increased, and thereafter continued increases both in fluxes and contents were found. Taking Pb as an example, the flux increased from 0.13 (before 1960) to 0.25 mg m?2 a?1 (averaged 1963–2006). According to atmospheric flux calculations using Al as a reference element, atmospheric fluxes of trace metals generally showed a rapid increase and peaked in recent years, closely following the historical economic development of the neighboring region, mainly for Qinghai and Gansu provinces. The atmospheric inventory for Zn was the highest, reaching 1.068 g m?2, while the lowest was for Cd, at only 0.079 gm?2. The percentage proportions of atmospheric deposition for Cd, Ni, and Zn were 37, 12, and 8.7 %, respectively. Hence, the atmospheric contribution to the trace metal content via long range transport is not negligible when considering input of materials to lake ecosystems. 相似文献
995.
Geochemical Information Indicating the Water Recharge to Lakes and Immovable Megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
CHEN Jiansheng ZHAO Xi SHENG Xuefeng Wang Jiyang GU Weizu and CHEN Liang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu E-mail: jschen@hhu.edu.cn Institute of Isotope Hydrology Research Hohai University Nanjing Jiangsu Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):540-546
1 Introduction The Badain Jaran Desert, located in western Inner Mongolia, China, has a unique landscape containing 144 lakes (72 of which are still watery) with a total water area of about 23 km2, and the world’s highest stationary sand dunes with a height between 200 m and 500 m. Much attention has been paid to the water recharge of the desert in the past decade. Investigations on the resources of water system there have been performed continuously since the early 1990s, which lead to th… 相似文献
996.
准确有效地判别突水水源是解决矿井水害的前提条件。基于淮北袁店二矿各含水层共59个水样水质化验资料,利用主成分分析法,计算各水样的因子得分,并进行系统聚类,剔除错误样本。利用剩余水样作为学习样本,检验Bayes判别函数的判定准确性,得出准确率为92.5%,并进行交叉验证。利用该判别函数对某工作面底板下一富水区水样进行判别,结果与实际情况吻合。结果指示基于主成分分析与Bayes判别法较单一Bayes判别法更加准确,能够消除样本变量之间的相互影响,实现对突水水源的快速有效判别。 相似文献
997.
998.
动物群化石组合通常被用来限定地层的相对年代,但很难给出地质事件的精确时间.电子自旋共振(ESR)方法能够对化石样品本身直接测年,测年范围可以覆盖更新世和上新世.ESR化石测年的难点之一在于化石中铀放射性衰变体系的开放性.通过与铀系分析相结合,可以更精确的重建牙齿化石中铀元素的迁移过程,进而获得更可靠的年龄.本文对ESR化石测年方法进行了介绍,并展示了该方法在国内外动物群年代学研究中的一些应用.通过与生物地层学相结合,ESR化石测年方法为晚新生代地质和动物考古学年代学研究提供了一种更直接的绝对测年手段. 相似文献
999.
通过分析测定渤海湾100个站位表层沉积物中重金属元素的含量,探讨其分布特征及富集状况,并通过地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对渤海湾西部岐口凹陷海域底质环境进行了评价。结果表明:渤海湾西部海域表层沉积物中As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd的平均含量分别为12.9×10-6、0.031×10-6、29.5×10-6、27.4×10-6、0.159×10-6。结合5种元素的地球化学图及地累积指数法分析表明,研究区表层沉积物整体上未受到As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cd的污染,而在高值区Pb和Cu达到轻度污染的水平;潜在生态危害指数法的评价结果指明,重金属元素的潜在危害程度顺序是Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu,研究区重金属的潜在生态危害轻微,只有在高值区,Hg和Cd才达到中等程度的生态危害。 相似文献
1000.