Characteristics and planation surface formation environment of the red weathering crust in Hunan,Guangxi, Yunnan,Guizhou and Tibet

The characteristics of red karst weathering crust in the research region can be divided into three subtypes. The first one includes the silicon to aluminum ratio, the composition of the clay minerals, etc., and reflects the weak action of de-silicon and aluminum enrichment. The second one, for example the granularity, shows that the viscous action is strong. The third one, such as the CaCO₃ content and pH value, has regional difference in a large scale, which is consistent with the condition of modern scenery, so it is not important as for the ancient environment.

     

世界一些大城市防灾减损的比较研究

比较分析了一些大城市的防灾减损措施，提出了具体对策。     

弦支穹顶结构的抗震性能研究

弦支穹顶是一种受力性能优良的结构体系，它综合了单层网壳结构和索穹顶结构的优点，详细分析了影响弦支穹顶结构自振特性的各类参数，指出了边界条件对结构抗震性能的决定性影响。研究表明：当采用径向滑动边界时，即边界节点竖向和法向受到约束而容许径向在水平面滑动时，局部布索的弦支穹顶具有较佳的抗震性能；当边界条件相同时，弦支穹顶在水平地震和竖向地震作用下反应相似，只是程度上不同。     

黄河故道的环境特征与整体开发

从区域开发的角度,对黄河故道的形成发展与环境的关系进行了分析,提出了开发构想,为黄河故道生态农业的开发提供依据。     

Changes in soil and vegetation on moving sand dunes after exclosure in Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin Sandy Land of northern China, land desertification is the main causation in vegetation degradation and formation of moving dunes. A study was conducted from 1996 to 2005 to monitor the changes of vegetation characteristics and soil properties after moving dunes were fenced. The changes were compared between moving sand dunes with exclosure and without exclosure to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation and soil restoration after exclosure establishment. The results show that exlosure establishment facilitated the colonization and development of plant species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Species diversity, average coverage, and plant density significantly increased after exclosure of moving sand dunes along sequence compared with sand dunes without exclosure. Vegetation recovery on moving sand dunes accelerated by exclosure resulted in significant changes in soil properties including increased silt and clay contents, organic C and total N and decreased sand content, especially at the 0-5 cm depth. The results implied that moving sand dunes can be rapidly fixed by construction of exclosure.     

基于"地理要素禀赋当量"的社会生态补偿标准测算

生态补偿是当前国内外学者广泛关注的热点和难点问题,而科学制定区域生态补偿的空间分配标准又是生态补偿研究中的关键环节.当前对区域空间补偿标准的计算思路大致可分为两种:生态建设成本核算法和生态系统服务功能价值核算法.本文剖析了社会生态补偿与区域社会经济发展的关系,从社会公平的角度出发,利用2007年全国各省市的数据,建立计量经济模型,分析了各省地理要素禀赋差异对区域社会经济发展的影响.在此基础上,提出"地理要素禀赋当量"的概念,分析了该指标在区域生态补偿政策和单项生态补偿政策制定中的应用前景.研究结论如下:①实施社会生态补偿,是各区域获得平等的生存权、环境权和发展权的有力保障,也是促进区域问协调、平衡和可持续发展的必要保证.②各地地理要素禀赋的差异是引起区域社会经济发展差异的重要因素,也是制定社会生态补偿标准的重要依据;③利用"地理要素禀赋当量",可以科学确定区域间社会生态补偿的空间分配标准,有效地避免以往生态补偿政策制定中的"一刀切"现象.     

山东半岛冷流降雪过程的统计分析

对威海地区2001-2006年1、2、11、12月所有冷流过程的温压湿等气象要素进行分析,结果表明:地面偏西北风有利于冷流过程的发生;冷流降水量与海气温差有着较强的正对应关系,而与大气相对湿度没有明显的对应关系.相关系数进一步表明了850 hPa温度与海温之差直接决定了地面冷流降水量的大小.从探空指教和垂直湿位涡分布可以看出.,管大气近于弱的对流稳定,但仍不影响对称不稳定的产生.     

Atmospheric insight to climatic signals of δ~(18)O in a Laohugou ice core in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during 1960–2006

δ~(18)O variations;;ice core;;outgoing longwave radiation;;meridional wind;;northeastern Tibetan Plateau     

湖北郧县辽瓦店黄土剖面风化特征及其对气候变化的响应

对湖北郧县辽瓦店剖面的沉积学特征及磁化率、粒度、Rb、Sr含量等理化指标进行了研究。结果表明:辽瓦店剖面自下而上具有马兰黄土(L₁)-过渡层(L_t)-古土壤(S₀)-全新世黄土(L₀)-表土(TS)地层序列;不同地层单元的风化成壤差异明显,其成壤强弱顺序为古土壤S₀成壤最强、全新世黄土L₀和过渡层L_t次之、马兰黄土L₁最弱。成壤强弱的变化揭示出该区晚更新世末期(11 500 a BP以前)气候干冷,全新世早期(11 500~8 500 a BP)气候处于晚更新世干冷向全新世中期暖湿的过渡阶段,全新世中期(8 500~3 100 a BP)气候最为温暖湿润,全新世晚期(3 100 a BP以来)气候转为干冷且逐渐恶化的变化过程。     

一次降雪过程的中尺度模式(MM5)站点预报试验

本文利用中尺度数值预报模式(MM5)进行业务预报试验。对2002年12月6日前后一次降水过程进行应用分析，重点对阳泉市站点预报进行对比检验，得出该模式在站点有无降雪、降雪量级及降雪起报、结束时间等方面具有重要参考价值的结论，对于进一步开发降水预报精细产品有重要意义。