基于短波红外技术的蚀变矿物特征及勘查模型——以斯弄多银铅锌矿床为例

印度-亚洲大陆的碰撞成就了青藏高原的冈底斯成矿带,位于该成矿带的斯弄多银铅锌矿床赋存于林子宗群火山岩中,经过勘查确认该矿床属于低硫化浅成低温热液型矿床。通过对5个钻孔进行短波红外测量,发现钻孔中的蚀变矿物主要有绢(白)云母、钠云母(富Na云母)、伊利石和蒙脱石,并在垂向形成绢(白)云母→绢(白)云母+钠云母+蒙脱石+伊利石→绢(白)云母+伊利石→绢(白)云母的组合特征。通过总结归纳蚀变矿物分布、分带特征并与地质编录相结合,构建了基于短波红外技术的斯弄多找矿勘查模型。笔者在数据分析与模型构建中发现:(1)伊利石-蒙脱石混合矿物组成是寻找深部及外围矿体的重要线索;(2)绢(白)云母属于成矿前期的蚀变,与矿体之间的关系不明显;(3)矿床深部表现为两种不同的化学反应:SW方向深部反映了绢云母被交代形成伊利石的过程;NE方向深部表现为绢(白)云母二八面体结构的变化;(4)未被剥蚀的青磐岩化带是寻找浅成低温热液型金矿的主要依据。     

河南中牟区块页岩气特征及勘探前景分析

文章通过对河南中牟区块海陆过渡相太原组和山西组页岩气形成的地质条件与特征分析,认为区块构造较为简单、稳定,其海陆交互相沉积环境控制太原组和山西组页岩发育,分布广泛,富含有机质页岩厚度大,为页岩气目标层;有机碳含量w(TOC)=1.1%~3.7%,有机质类型为Ⅲ型,有机质成熟度指标镜质体反射率(Ro)3.0%~3.8%;目标层有效孔隙度1.0%~5.0%,黏土矿物以伊利石和伊/蒙混层为主;含气量0.5~3.3m~3/t,平均1.7m~3/t。对牟页1井太原组、山西组三段采用快钻桥塞分段压裂,累计注入压裂液量5 055.9m~3,加砂量202.7m~3,三层合采求产为1 256m~3/d,标志着南华北盆地海陆过渡相页岩气勘探取得重大发现。通过地质评价和资源量计算,中牟区块太原组、山西组页岩气地质资源量较为丰富,勘探有利区面积大,具备较好的页岩气勘探前景。     

Two Phases of Mineralization in the Dabaoshan Polymetallic Deposit,Guangdong Province: Constraints from Re-Os Geochronology of Black Carbonaceous Mudstone and MolybdeniteEI北大核心CSCD

The Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit is a polygenetic composite ore deposit located at south of the Qinhang (Qinzhou-Hangzhou) Metallogenic Belt, which is composed mainly of SEDEX type Cu-Pb-Zn and porphyry-skarn type W-Mo orebodies. Systematic field study shows that the W-Mo mineralization exhibits as quartz-vein type and skarn type orebodies around the granodioritic porphyry, or superimposes on the SEDEX type Cu-Pb-Zn orebody, while the Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization occurs mainly in the Qiziqiao Formation as stratiform-substratiform type and breccia type orebodies with typical SEDEX-type characteristics. Re-Os dating of five molybdenite separates from porphyry-skarn type W-Mo orebodies yielded isochron ages of 163.6±1.0 Ma (MSWD=0.58), which represents the age of W-Mo mineralization. Re-Os dating of seven black carbonaceous mudstone samples from a Cu-Pb-Zn orebody yielded isochron age of 387.6±9.9 Ma (MSWD=56), which is interpreted to be the age of SEDEX-type Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization. These ages indicate that there are at least two stages of ore mineralization in the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit. The W-Mo mineralization is related to the Yanshanian intermediated-acidic intrusions, while the stratiform-substratiform SEDEX-type Cu-Pb-Zn mineralization is associated with the Hercynian seafloor hydrothermal activities. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

A location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering

The quality of GIServices (QoGIS) is an important consideration for services sharing and interoperation. However, QoGIS is a complex concept and difficult to be evaluated reasonably. Most of the current studies have focused on static and non-scalable evaluation methods but have ignored location sensitivity subsequently resulting in the inaccurate QoGIS values. For intensive geodata and computation, GIServices are more sensitive to the location factor than general services. This paper proposes a location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering (LAGCF). The model uses a mixed CF method based on time zone feature from the perspectives of both user and GIServices. Time zone is taken as the location factor and mapped into the prediction process. A time zone-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm was designed to measure the similarity between the GIServices and the target, helping to identify highly similar GIServices. By adopting a coefficient of confidence in the final generation phase, the value of the QoGIS most similar to the target services will play a dominant role in the comprehensive result. Two series of experiments on large-scale QoGIS data were implemented to verify the effectivity of LAGCF. The results showed that LAGCF can improve the accuracy of QoGIS prediction significantly.     

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。     

Social media information sharing for natural disaster response

Natural Hazards - Prediction in ungauged basins (PUB) is as crucial as it is challenging. Thus far, there have been abundant regionalization studies on PUB, whereas "regionalization" is...     

金衢盆地典型地区土壤-稻米重金属含量及土壤酸碱度的影响研究

作物对土壤中重金属的吸收受作物种类、采集部位及土壤理化性质等多方面因素的影响。近年来,金衢盆地土壤酸化面积逐年增大,酸化程度逐渐加深,其对土壤-作物系统中重金属元素的活动影响尚不明确。本文基于金衢盆地典型地区264组根系土壤-稻米样品分析数据,开展土壤、作物的重金属含量特征及其影响因素的研究,重点讨论了土壤pH对作物吸收重金属的影响。结果表明：①264件土壤中多数重金属元素的变异系数大于0.5,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn元素之间呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。土壤Cd超标样品23件,超标率为8.7%;As、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn超标样品均未超过2件。②稻米中Cu、Zn与Cd含量呈显著正相关,Cd的富集系数（BCF）高于植物营养元素Cu、Zn。③稻米中Zn和Cu在P<0.1水平上与pH值呈显著正相关。Cd、Cr、Hg的BCF与pH值之间存在一定的负相关性。研究认为,适当调低土壤的酸碱度会削减土壤中Cd、Hg等重金属元素的活性,从而减少农作物对重金属的吸收转运。研究结果可为当地粮食安全生产决策提供科学数据,为土地管护提供参考依据。     

滦平盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征及搬运机制

为探讨陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带构造活动控制下水下粗碎屑岩沉积特征、搬运机制及其演化规律,以滦平断陷盆地陡坡带下白垩统西瓜园组为研究对象,采用无人机倾斜摄影、实测剖面、砾石定向性定量表征等技术方法,从沉积背景、岩相类型、沉积单元及相序特征等方面开展野外露头解剖工作.滦平盆地西瓜园组沉积时期,近岸水下扇沉积于构造沉降速率大、湖平面上升、深水、古地貌陡峭环境,洪水携带粗碎屑沉积沿陡坡带入湖,底部发育与地震活动相关的砾质碎屑流,伴随发育滑动—滑塌沉积,上部发育高密度浊流.随着沉积物不断供给,斜坡坡度逐渐减小;随着粗碎屑沉积搬运距离不断增加,砂砾质碎屑流中砾石表现出明显定向性,高密度浊流所占厚度比例增加;末端以低密度浊流为主.扇三角洲沉积于构造沉降速率相对较低、水深相对较浅、古地貌相对平缓的环境,发育相对成熟的供源体系,汇水系统长度较长,扇三角洲前缘粗碎屑岩由碎屑流向高密度浊流、牵引流、低密度浊流转换.      

甘肃北山野马大泉志留纪花岗岩的成因和构造意义

马鬃山地体是北山造山带的主要构造单元之一,其广泛出露的花岗岩对于认识和完善北山古生代构造格架具有重要意义.对野马大泉一带的花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了早-中志留世（441±4 Ma和425±2 Ma）的年龄.岩石地球化学显示它们均富钠、钙碱性和镁质花岗岩的特征,小于A型花岗岩的Ga/Al×104值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值,且含角闪石二长花岗岩出现标志性矿物角闪石,属于I型花岗岩.它们具有正的ε_Hf（t）值（-0.1~+7.6）,两阶段Hf模式年龄集中于1.42~0.94 Ga,反映花岗质岩浆可能起源于中元古代（~1.4 Ga）地壳的部分熔融,并伴有幔源岩浆的参与.马鬃山地体志留纪花岗岩的地球化学显示形成于大陆弧的构造环境,且结合区域古生代花岗岩的时空分布指示相关的俯冲带在早石炭世发生北向后撤.