县级国土资源网管队伍现状及思考

目前,市县国土资源信息化建设工作正逐步推进,从三无状态(设备、人员、资金)基本实现了办公自动化系统(以下简称OA)。但总体上市县国土资源信息化建设人员现状令人堪忧。为此,本文以遵义市国土资源系统信息化建设人员的工作、学习和生活现状为例,提出了改进设想和建议。     

广州市三维高精度GPS基准网的布设和解算

总结了广州市三维高精度GPS基准网建立的主要方法及技术路线,详细探讨和解决了网形布设、GPS和水准观测、基线解算、二维和三维平差以及质量控制等关键问题,并对成果进行了分析和评价.     

Investigation into water retention and gas permeability of Opalinus clay

Opalinus clay (OPA) is currently being investigated as a potential host rock for radioactive waste repository. The construction of this repository will lead to an excavation-damaged zone (EDZ) in the surrounding. Its sealing ability is crucial for the safety assessment of the geological repository. The sealing ability of OPA has a close relationship with its water retention and gas permeability behaviours. For this purpose, the water retention and gas permeability of OPA and its comparison with the artificial barrier (i.e. bentonite) were investigated in this study. The results show that OPA absorbed less water than granular bentonite material with equal suction. Compared with the other two similar materials (Boom clay and COx argillite), which were selected as natural engineering barriers for nuclear waste storage in Belgium and France, the suction behaviours of OPA are similar to those of COx argillite but notably different from those of Boom clay. The gas permeability tests show that OPA sample is quite sensitive to the changes in confining pressures but is less sensitive to applied gas pressures. Further, it is found that the OPA is more permeable than bentonite barrier after 10.5 years of hydration. Then, the OPA samples were artificially water-saturated. We find that the sealing ability can be recovered after long-time water saturation. However, when comparing with bentonite barrier, it is still a weak zone. This indicates that the EDZ should be paid more attention for the assessment the performance of the nuclear repository.     

利用GNSS PWV的AOD自适应预测方法

气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)是气溶胶总含量的基本参数,对研究大气空气质量变化具有重要作用.为了探究不同类型A OD对空气质量的影响,本文提出两种基于GNSS PWV的AOD自适应预测方法.提出的方法考虑了相邻历元间AOD的时间自相关性,且模型系数能够自适应更新.一种方法是直接基于GNSS PWV对550 nm的AOD进行建模,简称TAF(total AOD forecast)模型.另一种AOD建模方法顾及了5种不同类型AOD对PWV的敏感性,简称FTAF(five type-based AOD forecast,FTAF)模型.该模型首先建立PWV与5种类型AOD的函数关系.其次,依据550 nm AOD与5种类型AOD之间的关系,确定不同类型AOD在550 nm AOD中所占的权重.最后,利用PWV预测5种类型的AOD,并通过加权平均获取最终的550 nm AOD.选取京津冀地区16个GNSS测站数据对提出模型的精度进行验证,结果发现提出的两种550 nm AOD预测模型均具有较高的精度,且FTAF模型优于TAF模型.本文提出的AOD预测模型能有效地将GNSS反演的对流层参数应用于大气环境遥感监测,为大气环境质量研究提供了一种新思路.     

Back-analysis for initial ground stress field at a diamond mine using machine learning approaches

Exact knowledge for ground stress field guarantees the construction of various underground engineering projects as well as prediction of some geological hazards such as the rock burst. Limited by costs, field measurement for initial ground stresses can be only conducted on several measure points, which necessitates back-analysis for initial stresses from limited field measurement data. This paper employed a multioutput decision tree regressor (DTR) to model the relationship between initial ground stress field and its impact factor. A full-scale finite element model was built and computed to gain 400 training samples for DTR using a submodeling strategy. The results showed that correlation coefficient r between field measurement values and back-analysis values reached 0.92, which proved the success of DTR. A neural network was employed to store the global initial ground stress field. More than 600,000 node data extracted from the full-scale finite element model were used to train this neural network. After training, the stresses on any location can be investigated by inputting corresponding coordinates into this neural network.

     

Tridimensional reconstruction of the Co-Seismic Ionospheric Disturbance around the time of 2015 Nepal earthquake

The Co-Seismic Ionospheric Disturbance of the 2015 Nepal earthquake is analyzed in this paper. GNSS data are used to obtain the Satellite-Station TEC sequences. After removing the de-trended TEC variation, a clear ionospheric disturbance was observed 10 min after the earthquake, while the geomagnetic conditions, solar activity, and weather condition remained calm according to the Kp, Dst, F10.7 indices and meteorological records during the period of interest. Computerized ionosphere tomography (CIT) is then used to present the tridimensional ionosphere variation with a 10-min time resolution. The CIT results indicate that (1) the disturbance of the ionospheric electron density above the epicenter during the 2015 Nepal earthquake is confined at a relatively low altitude (approximately 150–300 km); (2) the ionospheric disturbances on the west side and east sides of the epicenter are precisely opposite. A newly established electric field penetration model of the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling is used to investigate the potential physical mechanism.     

GPT2w模型在南极地区精度分析

GPT2w（global pressure and temperature 2 wet）是目前应用较为广泛的对流层延迟经验模型之一,可提供气压、温度、水汽压等气象参数。为验证和分析GPT2w模型在南极地区的精度,本文利用分布在南极区域的探空站数据和中国第33次南极科考期间的实测探空气球数据对模型气压、温度、水汽压参数进行分层精度检验。与探空站数据比较发现,在南极地区地面高度上,GPT2w模型精度较高,与全球其他区域精度较为一致;进一步通过对比1月和7月统计结果,发现Bias和RMS呈现出季节特性;同时发现模型在垂直方向存在较大误差,表现为随着高度的增加,精度随之下降并逐步趋于稳定。实测数据对比方面,首先利用ECMWF（European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts）气压分层数据对实测数据的可靠性进行验证,结果显示,实测数据与ECMWF分层数据符合得较好;同时通过比对发现,GPT2w天内精度在地面高度上仍与月平均精度相当,但垂直方向随着高度的增加精度相比于暖季精度会有所下滑,说明未考虑日周期项变化对模型精度存在一定影响。用探空数据计算的对流层延迟（zenith tropospheric delay,ZTD）来分析GPT2w的计算精度,结果表明GPT2w在南极区域ZTD计算精度在厘米级,与全球其他位置计算精度相当。     

多级移动曲面拟合的自适应阈值点云滤波方法

为了提高机载激光雷达点云滤波算法的精度、效率以及自适应性,提出了一种多级移动曲面拟合的自适应阈值点云滤波方法。首先,对点云数据进行预处理即剔除粗差,然后通过格网化分割建立格网索引,利用每个格网的邻域格网中的最低点建立曲面方程,计算真实高程与拟合高程的差值并设置自适应性阈值进行滤波,最后采用多级滤波策略,即逐级改变格网大小并自动设置邻域和阈值,直到滤波结果达到精度要求。使用国际摄影测量与遥感学会（ISPRS）提供的测试数据对算法进行验证,第1、2类误差和总误差平均值分别为7.33%、10.64%、6.34%。将该算法与ISPRS公布的8大经典滤波算法进行比较,结果表明该方法的适应性强,滤波结果具有较高的准确性。     

Arch Height Effect and Optimal Section Selection of Strata Behavior of Straight Wall Arch Roadway Under Mining Condition

In order to reduce roadway excavation and effectively control roadway surrounding rock deformation, different combinations of roadway width (4.5 m, 4.8 m, 5 m, 5.2 m), roadway height (3 m, 3.3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m), and arch height (0.3 m, 0.5 m, 0.8 m, 1 m) are selected. Through L₁₆(3⁴) three-factor four-level orthogonal test and numerical simulation, the surrounding rock deformation and plastic zone area evolution after roadway excavation are studied based on FLAC^3D. The results show that arch height is negatively correlated with plastic zone area in roadway roof surrounding rock and positively correlated with failure of roadway sides and corners. Further investigation finds the optimal combination to be roadway width 4.5 m, roadway height 3 m, and arch height 1 m. Compared with the original scheme, the new straight-wall arched section reduces plastic zone area by 35.07%, roof subsidence by 19.2% and side displacement by 22.4%. The optimized roadway section effectively reduces the failure range of surrounding rock plastic zone and contributes to long-term roadway stability.